PROGRAM-FOR RESULTS: AN ANALYSIS OF PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kareem Zahran ◽  
A. Samer Ezeldin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Result ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
Procurement Strategies ◽  
Continuous Demand ◽  
Development Objective ◽  
Results Based Financing

In year 2012, the World Bank responded to the continuous demand from borrowing countries to offer a results-based financing mechanism by introducing the Program-for-Results (P4R) mechanism. There are four main characteristics that define the framework of applying P4R; namely, (1) it supports borrowers’ programs, (2) offers disbursements against agreed results, (3) focuses on strengthening institutions that support the success of the program and (4) ensures supported programs serve social and environmental aspects. These characteristics are all translated into Disbursement Linked Indicators that are agreed between the WB and the borrowing country, prior to the implementation of program. DLIs are classified into several result-areas, according to their overall aim, such as (1) direct result areas that are directly related to the main aim of the program through the achievement of pre-agreed projects or tasks and (2) Indirect result areas that support the continuity of the achieved results, through supporting relevant institutions. This research analyzes the relations between such characteristics and their effects on the results of the program, through an evaluation of previous P4R operations. This is accomplished through an evaluation of the selected types of DLIs in different countries for different sectors. It also analyzes the types of indirect DLIs and their relation to the main Program Development Objective. The paper includes a detailed case study on the Sustainable Rural Sanitation Services Program in Egypt.

Finance-based scheduling: optimization of results-based funded multiple projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
Kareem Zahran ◽  
A. Samer Ezeldin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Scheduling Optimization ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lending Institutions ◽  
Results Based Financing

Development lending institutions are exploring solutions that can ensure the effectiveness of funds. Results-based financing (RBF) considers this goal by linking desired outputs to the disbursement of funds. This may require borrowers to prefinance programs and then receive allocated disbursements after achieving results, which forms cash flow gaps. This paper presents a framework for the simulation and optimization of RBF programs using genetic algorithms (GA). It applies finance-based scheduling on RBF multiple projects to obtaining an improved benefit from borrowed funds. The Program-for-Results (P4R) mechanism offered by the World Bank (WB) was used as one of the RBF mechanisms for verification. It was validated using the Sustainable Rural Sanitation Services Program (SRSSP) in Egypt and improved the overall financial standing of the government. This model introduces an enhanced financing environment for RBF mega-programs, enabling borrowers to apply for the RBF mechanism.

scholarly journals The Influence of Waqf Distribution and Promotion on Community Trust (Case Study: Tabung Wakaf Indonesia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Dina Yustisi Yurista ◽  
Mohammad Noviani Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Community Trust ◽  
Foreign Credit

Waqf is a potential source of funds to overcome social problems, but most poverty reduction programmes rely on foreign credit, especially from the World Bank. In this case, the development of a waqf by a nadzir can be an alternative source of funding in the general economic empowerment, which is supported by society�s trust in waqf institutions. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify the factors that determine public trust and to examine the influence of waqf distribution and promotion on society trust in waqf funds managed by Tabung Wakaf Indonesia. This paper used quantitative methods and utilized primary data through direct surveys with questionnaires were collected and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that promotion and distribution have significant relationships with society trust. In addition, this study indicates that distribution has the greater impact than promotion on influencing society trust in waqf management. The findings nevertheless give a wide understanding of the concept of public trust and its antecedent in the context of Tabung Wakaf Indonesia.

scholarly journals Investigation of Sinkhole Formation with Human Influence: A Case Study from Wink Sink in Winkler County, Texas

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3537
Author(s):  
Shannon English ◽  
Joonghyeok Heo ◽  
Jaewoong Won
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Hydrologic Systems ◽  
Current State

The formation of sinkholes in Winkler County, Texas is concerning due to the amount of oil and gas infrastructure and the potential for catastrophic losses. Evidences of new and potential sinkholes have been documented, and determining the cause of these sinkholes is paramount to mitigate the devastating consequences thereof. Studies have shown that the Wink sinkholes result from both natural and anthropogenic influences. Data depicting land-cover changes, alterations in the hydrologic systems, climate changes, and oil and gas activity were analyzed in an effort to better understand the link between these processes and sinkhole formation. Results indicate that the combination of these processes lead to the current state. Land cover changes were highest in shrub versus grasses, undeveloped to developed and croplands. Rises in temperature and a decrease in precipitation indicate a shift towards a more arid climate. Changes to the hydraulic system are a direct result of these land cover changes while the groundwater quality depicts an environment prone to dissolution. Historical oil and gas activities have created pathways of meteoric water infiltration to the underlying limestone and evaporite formation. The combination of these processes create an environment that accelerates sinkhole formations. Understanding these processes allows for the development and implementation of better land practices, better groundwater protections, and the need for monitoring and maintaining aging oil and gas infrastructure.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Economic and Environmental Performance of V2H and Residential Stationary Battery: Development of a Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Homes of EV Owners

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Kataoka ◽  
Akira Shichi ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Yumiko Iwafune ◽  
Kazuhiko Ogimoto
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Detached House

The use of batteries of electric vehicles (EVs) for home electricity applications using a bidirectional charger, a process called vehicle-to-home (V2H), is attracting the attention of EV owners as a valuable additional benefit of EVs. To motivate owners to invest in V2H, a quantitative evaluation to compare the performance of EV batteries with that of residential stationary batteries (SBs) is required. In this study, we developed a multi-objective optimization method for the household of EV owners using energy costs including investment and CO2 emissions as indices and compared the performances of V2H and SB. As a case study, a typical detached house in Japan was assumed, and we evaluated the economic and environmental aspects of solar power self-consumption using V2H or SB. The results showed that non-commuting EV owners should invest in V2H if the investment cost of a bidirectional charger is one third of the current cost as compared with inexpensive SB, in 2030. In contrast, our results showed that there were no advantages for commuting EV owners. The results of this study contribute to the rational setting of investment costs to increase the use of V2H by EV owners.

scholarly journals Prediction of Knowledge Management for Success of Franchise Hospitality in a Post-Pandemic Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8755
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Chin Hsieh ◽  
Xuan-Huynh Nguyen ◽  
Tien-Chin Wang ◽  
Jen-Yao Lee
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Priority Weights ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Due to its unpredictability, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the global business climate and commercial management practices in unprecedented ways. As a direct result of the pandemic, the hospitality and tourism sectors have shut down, and business failure rates have occurred exponentially. The franchise hospitality industry has experienced significant impact and challenged a basic understanding of knowledge management (KM) implementation in the face of the COVID-19 outbreak. A strategic KM implementation practice can not only guide a large-scale operation, but also adjust an organization’s performance and competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to examine the influential criteria of success through effective KM implementation and to predict the probability of successful KM in a post-pandemic era. The conceptual framework for KM applies an analytic hierarchical prediction model reliant upon consistent fuzzy preference relations to assist the franchise hospitality sector’s consciousness of the influential criteria. An empirical case study is used to apply pairwise comparisons used to determine the priority weights and two possible outcomes. The case study will assist franchise organizations to analyze whether or not to implement KM, interdict application, or adopt revised actions. This assistance will enhance the success possibility of KM implementation within such a crisis environment. This study uses a case setting by assessing 15 franchises hospitality experts’ opinions in Taiwan relevant to KM implementation.

Review of water reuse practices and development in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
X. Zheng ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
North China ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Study Programme ◽  
Key Issues

The paper reviews existing urban water reuse schemes in north China including existing policies, institutional, technical and financial practices, summarises the data of nine water reclamation plants in six case study cities, highlights key issues and constraints, and presents development trend in water reuse sector. It is based on an intensive study programme financed by the World Bank in 2004/2005.

Temporary versus Permanent Population Mobility in Melanesia: A Case Study from Vanuatu

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 806-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Haberkorn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Contemporary Reality

Melanesia's urban population tripled from a mere 7 percent of the region's total population in 1955 to 20 percent by 1985. The recency and magnitude of this development and the absence of any established forms of urban living in the region's precolonial history virtually rules out natural population growth as the principal cause behind this process of rapid urbanization and suggests massive internal population mobility as the most likely cause. The overall picture conveyed by the Melanesian mobility literature, however, emphasizes rural-based circular mobility as the predominant form of population mobility in the region. Seeking to reconcile this contrast, this article argues that much of the alleged continued predominance of circular mobility owes more to its underlying operationalizations, ways of measurement, and theoretical conceptualizations than reflects contemporary reality. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of recent developments in Vanuatu mobility set in the local and historical conditions of migration from the island of Paama. It is demonstrated how specific structural transformations on the island and in urban areas throughout this century were not only conducive to a change from temporary to long-term or permanent rural absences, but how they also have emerged as the direct result of mobility, thus highlighting the latter's dialectical nature. Evidence for this mobility change is derived from a comparative analysis of lifetime mobility histories of urban and rural Paamese men and women.

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