scholarly journals Repetitions in art: Campbell’s Soup Cans

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Figen Girgin
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
English Summary ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Art World ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture Consumption

Repetition or interpretation in art is based on very old times. Much earlier repetition than mechanical copying was often done for master-apprentice teaching or for eye-training purposes. Copying in the mechanical way allows the production of similarities, while copying in digital mode allowed more circulation and access of similarities. From the 20th century, the work of art has become more accessible. The artworks exhibited in various parts of the world, in museums and galleries, reach other artisans or art buyers who are miles away from them, or they are welcomed in their living spaces. The original was now in distribution with copies. A similar situation is both faster and more common today in the Internet age. A similar situation is both faster and more common today in the Internet age. Warhol, on the other hand, puts a consumption object in the art world, which does not deny mechanic reproduction, but already has a graphic design and copies with it. A soup box with thousands of copies is exhibited alone or with copies of it. It shows that art and life are intertwined or that he don’t reject the popular culture-consumption conception in their society in the age of living. The graphic design of soup boxes with thousands of copies has been repeated by Warhol and won the original with his signature in the art. These paintings are reproduced both by his contemporaries and by artists today. An artwork that is actually a copy, can it give the same effect when it is repeated? How do original, unique, copy, reappear in Campbell's Soup Cans? Why and how has Campbell's Soup Cans been repeated in art? In this research, these questions were tried to be answered through the works of the artists who recreated Campbell's Soup Boxes. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Sanatta tekrar etme ya da yorumlama çok eskilere dayanmaktadır. Mekanik yolla kopyalamadan çok daha önce tekrarlama çoğunlukla usta-çırak öğretisi ya da gözü eğitme amacıyla gerçekleştirilirken; mekanik yolla kopyalama benzerlerin üretilmesine, dijital yolla kopyalama ise benzerlerin daha fazla dolaşımına ve erişimine olanak sağladı. 20. yüzyıldan itibaren sanat yapıtı daha kolay ulaşılır hale geldi. Dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinde, müze ve galerilerde sergilenen sanat yapıtları, onlardan kilometrelerce ötede olan başka sanatçılara ya da sanat alıcılarına ulaşabildi ya da yaşam alanlarında karşılarına çıktı. Orijinal, artık kopyaları ile birlikte dağılımdaydı. Benzer durum, internet çağındaki günümüzde hem daha hızlı hem de daha yaygındır. Ancak Warhol tüm bunların ötesinde, mekanik kopyalamayı yadsımadan, hali hazırda bir grafik tasarıma sahip ve kopyaları ile birlikte dolaşımda olan bir tüketim nesnesini, sanat dünyasına sokar. Binlerce kopyası olan bir çorba kutusunu tek başına ya da onun kopyaları ile birlikte sergiler. Sanat ve yaşamı iç içe geçirir ya da yaşadığı çağda, kendi toplumundaki popüler kültür-tüketim anlayışını reddetmediğini gösterir. Binlerce kopyaya sahip olan çorba kutularının grafik tasarımı, Warhol tarafından tekrarlanarak, onun imzası ile orijinalik kazanmıştır. Onun çorba kutuları resimleri ise hem çağdaşları hem de günümüzdeki sanatçılarca tekrarlanmaktadır. Zaten kopya olan bir asıl, tekrarlandığında aynı etkiyi verebilir mi? Orijinallik, özgünlük, kopya, tekrar Campbell’s Çorba Kutuları’nda ne şekilde ortaya çıkar? Campbell’s Çorba Kutuları sanatta niçin ve ne şekilde tekrarlanmıştır? sorularına Warhol’un Campbell’s Çorba Kutuları adlı resmi ve bu resmi tekrarlayan sanatçıların yapıtları üzerinden cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır.

Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy of Individuation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hengehold
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

Most studies of Simone de Beauvoir situate her with respect to Hegel and the tradition of 20th-century phenomenology begun by Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. This book analyzes The Second Sex in light of the concepts of becoming, problematization, and the Other found in Gilles Deleuze. Reading Beauvoir through a Deleuzian lens allows more emphasis to be placed on Beauvoir's early interest in Bergson and Leibniz, and on the individuation of consciousness, a puzzle of continuing interest to both phenomenologists and Deleuzians. By engaging with the philosophical issues in her novels and student diaries, this book rethinks Beauvoir’s focus on recognition in The Second Sex in terms of women’s struggle to individuate themselves despite sexist forms of representation. It shows how specific forms of women’s “lived experience” can be understood as the result of habits conforming to and resisting this sexist “sense.” Later feminists put forward important criticisms regarding Beauvoir’s claims not to be a philosopher, as well as the value of sexual difference and the supposedly Eurocentric universalism of her thought. Deleuzians, on the other hand, might well object to her ideas about recognition. This book attempts to address those criticisms, while challenging the historicist assumptions behind many efforts to establish Beauvoir’s significance as a philosopher and feminist thinker. As a result, readers can establish a productive relationship between Beauvoir’s “problems” and those of women around the world who read her work under very different circumstances.

The Credulity of Conspiracy Theorists

2018 ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
Brian L. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Inquiry

Where does entertaining (or promoting) conspiracy theories stand with respect to rational inquiry? According to one view, conspiracy theorists are open-minded skeptics, being careful not to accept uncritically common wisdom, exploring alternative explanations of events no matter how unlikely they might seem at first glance. Seen this way, they are akin to scientists attempting to explain the social world. On the other hand, they are also sometimes seen as overly credulous, believing everything they read on the Internet, say. In addition to conspiracy theorists and scientists, another significant form of explanation of the events of the world can be found in religious contexts, such as when a disaster is explained as being an “act of God.” By comparing conspiratorial thinking with scientific and religious forms of explanation, features of all three are brought into clearer focus. For example, anomalies and a commitment to naturalist explanation are seen as important elements of scientific explanation, although the details are less clear. This paper uses conspiracy theories as a lens through which to investigate rational or scientific inquiry. In addition, a better understanding of the scientific method as it might be applied in the study of events of interest to conspiracy theorists can help understand their epistemic virtues and vices.

The Techno-Religious Age

2006 ◽  
pp. 82-105
Author(s):  
Susan Ella George
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Spiritual Quest ◽  
Quest For Meaning ◽  
The World ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
Number Of Authors

First, we consider the “spiritual search” that many have found to be foundational to humanity. Religion is foundational to humanity across the world. To some extent, sociology is a “secular panacea” for what classical philosophy called “The religious quest.” The religious, and nonreligious quest is a search for meaning most commonly understood in religious contexts as a search for “god.” In the last decade of the 20th century, a number of authors have recognized that technology is being used for a “spiritual quest.” Increasingly, this is being expressed through the Internet and World Wide Web. The “search beyond Google” represents this human quest for meaning. Even though organised religion may be declining, the religious quest is not necessarily abating. Technology, along with some “alternative” religious expressions, is supporting the present day search.

Civil Society and the New Economy

2005 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Susana Finquelievich
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication

During 1990s, the transformations that took place in the world economy, focused mainly on information and communication technology (ICT), were expected to mark the beginning of an era in which recessions would only be a memory of the past. This transformation principally driven by the capacity of ICT was called the new economy (NE). At the early stages of the 21st century, it is increasingly evident that the NE did not accomplish all the marvels that were expected from it. However, Stiglitz (2003) stated that even if it was the basis for a short-term boom and for a recession that overcame even the postwar period rate, the basis for the NE is real. The Internet, technological advances, and the new ways to produce and make business are genuine. “If the 18th and 19th Centuries marked the passage from agricultural economy to the industrial economy, and most of the 20th Century witnessed the change from an industry-based economy to a services-based economy, the last decade of the 20th Century signaled the change to a weightless economy, the knowledge economy” (Stiglitz, 2003, p. 228). In such a situation, information management (Talero & Gaudette, 1996) becomes a window to opportunity.

Systems Thinking and the Internet

2005 ◽  
pp. 2719-2723
Author(s):  
Kambiz E. Maani
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Human Relation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
The World ◽  
Mechanistic View ◽  
The Way

Despite our most impressive advances in science and technology, our prevailing worldview and the way we work and relate are deeply rooted in the thinking that emerged during the Renaissance of the 17th century. This thinking was influenced by the sciences of that era and, in particular, by Newtonian physics. Newton viewed the world as a machine that was created to serve its master—God (Ackoff, 1993). The machine metaphor and the associated mechanistic (positivist) worldview, which was later extended to the economy, the society, and the organization, has persisted until today and is evident in our thinking and vocabulary. The mechanistic view of the enterprise became less tenable in the 20th century, partly due to the emergence of the corporation and the increasing prominence of human relation issues in the workplace. As the futurist Alvin Toffler (1991) declared, “the Age of the Machine is screeching to a halt” (Toffler, 1991).

Crime, Law and the Internet

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hilgendorf
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
At Will ◽  
Global Reach

AbstractAfter some introductory remarks on the German legal system and German legal politics, the main forms of datanet crime on the Internet are sketched. After that, one of the most important Internet-cases of the last decade, the CompuServe case, is discussed in some detail. One of the main problems of datanet crime is its global reach. The world-spanning nature of the cyberspace significantly enlarges the ability of offenders to commit crimes that will affect people in a variety of other countries. On the other hand, the jurisdiction of national criminal law cannot be expanded at will by any single nation. A transnational criminal law for the Internet is possible but should be restricted to the defence of universally (or nearly universally) accepted interests and values. In effect, it seems that the problems of computer-related crime on the Internet cannot be solved by criminal law alone.

Overcoming Digital Distance: The Challenge of Developing Relational Disciples in the Internet Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-390
Author(s):  
Chris Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Disciple Making ◽  
In Christ ◽  
The Church

Jesus' model for discipleship (John 15:1–16) is grounded within a context of human and divine relationships: abiding in Christ, fellowshipping with other disciples, and ministering to needs of others in the world and in the church. As the Christian community becomes increasingly reliant on digital technology and the Internet to provide an environment and resources for disciple-making we must also be familiar with the available options and understand the benefits and limitations of using these methods as we seek to establish and enhance these essential spiritual relationships.

Readymade Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Evely Gildersleeve ◽  
Kelly W. Guyotte
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Art World ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Liminal Spaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Artist

Neither inside, nor outside. Between art and non-art. Visual artist, Marcel Duchamp’s readymade art installations of the early 20th century mapped a space of between-ness, of liminality, through previously drawn boundaries in the art world. In this article, we put forth readymade methodology as a liminal approach to (post)qualitative research. Drawing from Duchamp’s readymade art installations, we situate dominant methodological practices as collections of ready-made techniques and technologies for interpreting the world (research as instrumentation); such processes, we argue, are distinct from readymade inquiry (research as immanent and multiplicitous). Readymade methodology disorients knowings and illustrates lines of flight produced from inversions of taken-for-granted technical application of research methods. In this article, we think methodology differently, not limiting ourselves to the constraints/comforts of conventional qualitative methodology. Just as Duchamp interrogated the in-between of art and everyday life, readymade methodology flourishes in/with the potentiality of twisted liminal spaces in (post)qualitative inquiry.

Notation and identity in contemporary popular music

Popular Music ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stith Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Western European ◽  
Rock N Roll

Popular music, like all manifestations of popular culture, lives on in spite of recurring criticisms that cast it as somehow inauthentic. In fact, defences against this discounting are built into popular music (for example, the Rolling Stones' classic: ‘It's only rock 'n' roll but I like it’) and built in, as well, to the identities of those who make the music a part of their lives, be they players, producers, consumers or critics. On the other hand, so-called classical music, not unlike other manifestations of Western European art culture, lives on in spite of popular music and provides the touchstone of authenticity that creates the defensive popular response. The ideas I am advancing here are intended to allow the players in this authenticity contest to be recognised as evidence of unique historical circumstances: recognised, that is, not only as stock dramatists of ethnocentrism, but as indicators of long-term changes in music cultures in all parts of the world.

scholarly journals The Place of Chinese Doramas in the Russian Socio-Cultural Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Zhou Lixia
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Fan Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The increasing interest of people around the world towards the popular cultures of China, Korea and Japan leads researchers to question how these countries influence the socio-cultural spaces of other countries through the export of their mass culture products. This study focuses on the analysis of Chinese doramas in the Russian sociocultural space. The increasing number of online fan communities, the activity of translators and dubbers of Chinese TV series, and the widespread use of the Internet in Russia make Chinese dramas easily accessible to a wide audience. Using quantitative methods, the author of the study came to the conclusion that people in Russia are very interested in Asian cultures, and audiences of Asian TV series are growing at a tremendous rate every year. While Korean dramas remain the most popular in Russia, Chinese serials have great competitive potential against their Korean and Japanese counterparts. This article may be useful to all researchers of mass and popular culture and television series.

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