scholarly journals Cultural Practices Triggering the Development of Citrus Stem Rot in District of Bangli

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Widyastiti ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Kabupaten Bangli, Bali merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jeruk di Indonesia. Kendala pada produksi jeruk di antaranya ialah penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan faktor budi daya, letak geografis, dan curah hujan yang berkaitan dengan penyakit ini. Pengamatan kondisi penyakit dan wawancara mengenai teknik budi daya ditanyakan kepada 50 petani pemilik. Keterkaitan antara teknik budi daya dan keparahan penyakit dianalisa dari data korespondensi yang dipetakan dengan grafik biplot dan analisis kontingensi dengan uji khi kuadrat. Berdasarkan pada analisis korespondensi dan kontingensi terdapat 4 faktor cara budi daya dan 1 faktor tanaman yang berkaitan nyata terhadap keparahan busuk batang jeruk. Faktor tersebut ialah frekuensi penyiangan secara mekanis, umur tanaman, populasi tanaman per hektar, aplikasi herbisida, dan dosis pupuk nitrogen.

On-Farm Evaluations of Reduced Input Fungicide Programs in Peanut Fields with Low, Moderate, or High Levels of Disease Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Woodward ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
N. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT In 2003, 2004, and 2005 standard and reduced input fungicide programs were evaluated throughout the peanut production region of Georgia for control of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii). Disease risk was determined for each field based on the cultural practices implemented and ranged from low to high. Six to eight fungicide applications were made in the standard programs, versus three to six applications in reduced programs. Leaf spot ratings were higher for the reduced programs in five of the fourteen trials with substantial defoliation occurring in one trial. Overall, southern stem rot control for the reduced programs was equal to or better than that for the standard program, which could be attributed to the differences in fungicide selection or timing. Pod yields for the reduced programs were equal to or greater than the standard programs in all but one trial. Net returns were higher for the reduced programs in half of the trials; however, the reduced program resulted in lower net returns in one trial in 2004. Our results indicate that reduced input fungicide programs can be used to adequately manage fungal diseases of peanut without compromising yield or profitability, and that the use of cultivars with moderate levels of disease resistance may enhance disease control.

Occurrence and distribution of cowpea damping-off and stem rot and associated fungi in Benin

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ADANDONON ◽  
T. A. S. AVELING ◽  
M. TAMO
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Republic Of Benin

Damping-off and stem rot of cowpea is an important soil-borne disease worldwide. Cowpea fields were randomly chosen in each agro-ecological zone in Benin and surveyed in 2001 and 2002 to determine the occurrence of the diseases throughout the country. Diseased plants, prevailing environmental conditions and cowpea grower cultural practices were recorded and causal agents associated with the disease identified. Results indicated that damping-off and stem rot were distributed throughout Benin. The disease incidence was higher in the South (0·074) and Centre zones (0·063) than in the other zones (<0·02) in the country. Among factors influencing the disease incidence, cultural practices such as sole crop and no-till systems appeared to be most important. Isolated fungi included Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium spp., Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phoma sp., Rhizopus sp. and Trichoderma harzianum. None of the Fusarium, T. harzianum or Rhizopus sp. isolates were pathogenic in the greenhouse. Pythium ultimum, R. solani and Phoma sp. were infrequently isolated and few isolates caused the disease symptoms in the greenhouse. However, this is the first report of Phoma sp. causing damping-off and stem rot of cowpea in Benin. Sclerotium rolfsii was by far the most common species isolated from all the agro-ecological zones and all isolates were pathogenic on cowpea in the greenhouse. Sclerotium rolfsii was considered to be the main causal agent of cowpea damping-off and stem rot in the Republic of Benin due to its wide distribution, high incidence and predominance on plants with damping-off and stem rot symptoms.

Response of different grapevine cultivars to infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia mediterranea

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Reis ◽  
Ana Gaspar ◽  
Artur Alves ◽  
Florence Fontaine ◽  
Cecilia Rego
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Wood Discoloration ◽  
The World ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
The Impact

Botryosphaeria dieback is a grapevine trunk disease that affects all viticulture regions of the world. Species of the genus Lasiodiplodia have been reported as pathogenic towards grapevine in several growing regions and have also been previously reported from Portuguese vineyards. Species in this genus, particularly Lasiodiplodia theobromae, have been reported on previous studies to be more aggressive than other Botryosphaeriaceae species most commonly associated with Botryosphaeria dieback. The aim of this study was to assess the response of some of the more representative cultivars planted throughout Portuguese vineyards, Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Alvarinho, Aragonez (=Tempranillo) and Cabernet Sauvignon, by performing artificial inoculations with Lasiodiplodia spp. collected in different geographic locations worldwide. Two experiments, one by inoculating two-year-old grapevines kept on a greenhouse-controlled conditions with six isolates of L. theobromae and one isolate of L. mediterranea and other by inoculating seven-year-old field grown grapevines with two isolates of L. theobromae, were conducted twice. Response of the cultivars was assessed by evaluating the lesion length caused by the isolates under study, five months after inoculation. The results showed that all isolates studied were able to infect the annual shoots since they were always re-isolated and produced internal wood discoloration. Significant differences were found for all isolate/cultivar combinations. For both experiments, Touriga Nacional showed the largest lesions while Aragonez recorded the smallest lesions amongst the whole lot of cultivars inoculated with Lasiodiplodia spp.. In general, Portuguese isolates were more aggressive than those from Peru, which demonstrated to be mildly aggressive. These results give a first insight on the response of selected Portuguese cultivars to Lasiodiplodia species, which are present in Portugal, but not commonly associated with Botryosphaeria dieback. This contributes to improve knowledge of the impact that Botryosphaeria dieback causal agents have on crucial national cultivars, which may help winegrowers not only to manage current cultural practices, but also to optimize decision making when planning the establishment of new vineyards.

scholarly journals First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stem rot disease of begonia (Begonia x elatior hort.) in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Fumiko Fujinawa ◽  
Nadson de Carvalho Pontes ◽  
Erica Santos do Carmo de Souza ◽  
Antonio de Goes ◽  
Helson Mário Martins do Vale
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rot Disease

Social epistemic actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pezzulo ◽  
Laura Barca ◽  
Domenico Maisto ◽  
Francesco Donnarumma
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Epistemic Actions ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Online Social Interaction

Abstract We consider the ways humans engage in social epistemic actions, to guide each other's attention, prediction, and learning processes towards salient information, at the timescale of online social interaction and joint action. This parallels the active guidance of other's attention, prediction, and learning processes at the longer timescale of niche construction and cultural practices, as discussed in the target article.

2012–2016 On-Farm Evaluation of Fungicide Programs for Peanut Disease Control in Hamilton County, Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Wynn ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
Rebecca L. Barocco
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Hamilton County

This ten-page fact sheet includes a summary of various fungicide spray programs for fungal disease control of early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and white mold/stem rot of peanut in 2012-2016 on-farm trials in Hamilton County. Written by K.W. Wynn, N.S. Dufault, and R.L. Barocco and published by the Plant Pathology Department.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp334

Pembinaan Semula Peradaban Komuniti Cina Muslim Berasaskan Dialog Antara Agama: Pengalaman di Terengganu dan Brunei

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Azarudin Awang ◽  
Azman Che Mat ◽  
Sophian Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Interfaith Dialogue ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Family

Bagi sesebuah negara yang mempunyai etnik pelbagai anutan kepercayaan dan perbezaan amalan budaya, dialog antara agama berperanan membetulkan semula kekaburan dalam kehidupan beragama dan berbudaya. Melalui peranan Saudara Baru, dialog antara agama mampu menjadi medan bagi menjelaskan kebenaran tentang agama Islam kepada masyarakat bukan Muslim dan pelaksanaan amalan budaya asal kepada Muslim asal. Objektif kajian ini ialah melihat pengalaman pelaksanaan dialog antara agama di Terengganu dan relevansi dalam kehidupan beragama di negara Brunei. Metode kajian ini menggunakan kajian dokumen yang menyentuh komuniti Cina Muslim di Terengganu dan Brunei. Pengalaman pelaksanaan dialog antara agama di Terengganu dan negara Brunei memperlihatkan dialog antara agama mampu membetulkan salah faham dan selanjutnya mengendurkan ketegangan hubungan antara agama dan budaya antara komuniti Saudara Baru, ahli keluarga bukan Muslim dan masyarakat Muslim asal. Biarpun begitu, adalah dicadangkan agar kajian yang menyentuh dialog antara agama perlu diperkukuhkan sebagai medium membina semula peradaban memandangkan penduduk di kedua-dua lokasi ini terdiri daripada berbilang etnik dan agama sedangkan pada masa yang sama masalah yang menyentuh hubungan antara agama sentiasa timbul. Abstract: For a country with diverse ethics of beliefs and cultural practices, interfaith dialogue plays a role to redefine ambiguity in religious and cultural life. Through the role of the New Muslim (Muslim Convert), interfaith dialogue can become a medium to explain the truth about Islam to the non-Muslims and the implementation of real cultural practices to the others Muslim. The objective of this study is to examine the experience of interfaith dialogue in Terengganu and in Brunei. The method of this study is being conducted in document research that related with the Muslim Chinese community in Terengganu and Brunei. In addition, interviews with people involved in the management of New Muslims also carried out. The experience of interfaith dialogue in Terengganu and Brunei shows that dialogue capable explains misunderstandings and further loosening the tension between religion and culture among New Muslims, non-Muslim family members and Muslim communities. However, it is recommended that studies on interfaith dialogue should be strengthened as a medium for rebuilding civilization as the residents of both locations are multi-ethnic and religious while at the same time the problem of interreligious persists.

Hopscotch Modernism: On Everyday Life and the Blurring of Art and Social Science

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Highmore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Point Of Departure

From a remarkably innovative point of departure, Ben Highmore (University of Sussex) suggests that modernist literature and art were not the only cultural practices concerned with reclaiming the everyday and imbuing it with significance. At the same time, Roger Caillois was studying the spontaneous interactions involved in games such as hopscotch, while other small scale institutions such as the Pioneer Health Centre in Peckham, London attempted to reconcile systematic study and knowledge with the non-systematic exchanges in games and play. Highmore suggests that such experiments comprise a less-often recognised ‘modernist heritage’, and argues powerfully for their importance within early-twentieth century anthropology and the newly-emerged field of cultural studies.

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