scholarly journals A Case of Ameloblastic Fibrodentinoma in the Posterior Maxilla

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane Mochizuki ◽  
◽  
Rei Fukui ◽  
Toshihiko Amemiya ◽  
Yoshinori Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Dental Lamina ◽  
Ameloblastic Fibroma ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Radiolucent Lesion ◽  
Dentin Formation

Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (AFD) is a rare tumor with an incidence rate of less than 1%. When lesion with the histomorphology of ameloblastic fibroma(AF), which is true neoplasms, form dysplastic dentin, and had been referred to as AFD. It histologically consists of odontogenic ectomesenchyme resembling the dental papilla, epithelial strands, and nests resembling dental lamina and enamel organ with dentin formation. Although newly categorized as an odontoma by the WHO in 2017, this lesion was previously referred to as a rare odontogenic tumor by the WHO in 2005. Objective: We aim to summarize our case with other previous case reports considered to be equivalent to the conventional WHO classification of AFD. Case Report: An 8-year-old girl presented to our hospital complaining of delayed eruption of a tooth. Computed tomography showed an odontoma-like radiopacity in a unilocular radiolucent lesion sized approximately 20 mm. The lesion was extracted under general anesthesia and histopathologically exhibited AFD. Herein, we report a rare case of AFD in the maxilla. Conclusion: Although this lesion deviates from the concept of disease as an odontogenic tumor, it is hoped that clinically sufficient follow-up is required and more similar cases will accumulate as independent tumors, rather than simply being recognized as developmental odontomas

scholarly journals Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Cintia Gollo PIVA ◽  
Daniela Cristina MIYAGAKI ◽  
Maria Salete LINDEN ◽  
Ferdinando DE CONTO ◽  
Isadora RINALDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Tumor Site ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Anatomical Region ◽  
Radiolucent Lesion

ABSTRACT The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a benign, mixed, asymptomatic and rare odontogenic tumor that can easily be confused radiographically and histologically with other diseases. Usually it affects a population between the first and second decades of life, is more frequent in the mandible and shows predilection for males. This lesion, characterized by dental agenesis at the tumor site, has no predilection for anatomical region; however, an increase of intraoral volume may cause mild facial asymmetry. It shows slow but expansive growth, and is a well-defined radiolucent lesion, usually unilocular, with radiopacity inside. Normally surgical removal is conservative and the prognosis is favorable. This article reports a case of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma treated by surgical removal and follow-up of two years. The aim of this work was to study the ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in its entirety, seeking to inform clinicians about the best diagnostic and treatment methods for this type lesion.

scholarly journals Giant Pindborg Tumor (Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor): An Unusual Case Report with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Ranjan Misra ◽  
Sthitaprajna Lenka ◽  
Sujit Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Sobhan Mishra
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Odontogenic Tumors ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Impacted Tooth ◽  
Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Dental Lamina ◽  
Pindborg Tumor ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

Odontogenic tumors develop in the jaws from odontogenic tissues such as enamel organ, Hertwig epithelial root sheath, dental lamina, and so on. A variety of tumors unique to the maxilla and mandible are therefore seen. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, aggressive, benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin accounting for only about 1% of all odontogenic tumors. It is eponymously called “Pindborg tumor”, as it was first described by Pindborg in 1955. The origin of this locally invasive tumor remains unknown. It is thought to arise from stratum intermedium. It commonly affects the posterior mandible manifesting as a slow-growing asymptomatic swelling often associated with an impacted tooth. We report a case of CEOT, for which, owing to its huge size we have proposed the term “giant” Pindborg tumor (CEOT). This is probably the largest case of this tumor reported so far in the English literature. The present case also has the classic yet rare “driven snow” appearance of the tumor on radiographs.

scholarly journals Ameloblastic fibroma: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Eloisa Muller de Carvalho ◽  
Fernando Kendi Horikawa ◽  
Letícia Guimaraes ◽  
Stephanie Kenig Viveiros ◽  
Celso Augusto Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Incisional Biopsy ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Mesenchymal Tissue ◽  
Odontogenic Epithelium ◽  
Ameloblastic Fibroma ◽  
Radiolucent Lesion ◽  
The Right

Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor in which both the epithelial and ectomesenchymal components are neoplastic. A 24-year-old male patient was referred to the Stomatology Department presenting with difficulty to chew and swelling in the right posterior region of the mandible. The panoramic radiograph showed a well-circumscribed, unilocular radiolucent lesion with partially radiopaque borders involving first and second unerupted molars. Computed tomography imaging presented a hypodense image with well‑delimited isodense content, bulging cortical bones and absence of rupture. The patient underwent an incisional biopsy.  Microscopically, the lesion was composed of many mesenchymal tissue cells in strand form, arranged in cords, islands and nests of odontogenic epithelium; the diagnostic was ameloblastic fibroma. The patient was referred to the hospital for enucleation and curettage of the lesion and extraction of the associated teeth. After 8 months of follow-up, no recurrence was observed. This case emphasizes the importance of differential diagnosis, anatomopathological exam, and both clinical and imaging follow-up, since tumors of this type can recur and progress to malignancy.

scholarly journals Queratocisto odontogênico: uma abordagem cirúrgica

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francielly Thomas Figueiredo ◽  
Alana Oswaldina Gavioli Meira Dos Santos ◽  
Julio Cesar Leite Da Silva ◽  
José Carlos Garcia De Mendonça ◽  
Gustavo Silva Pelissaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Odontogenic Cysts ◽  
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Head And Neck Tumours ◽  
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumour ◽  
Health Organization

O queratocisto odontogênico é uma neoplasia benigna onde lesões únicas ou múltiplas são encontradas em ossos ou cavidades. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de uma lesão de queratocisto odontogênico, evidenciando corretos diagnóstico e terapêutica. O relato de caso trata-se de um paciente de 32 anos, sexo feminino, melanoderma, que deu entrada à faculdade de odontologia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, no ano de 2017, apresentando lesão radiolúcida com halo esclerótico em região de ângulo de mandíbula do lado esquerdo, sem envolvimento de dentes e/ou raízes adjacentes. Foi realizada uma tomografia computadorizada, constando hipótese diagnóstica radiográfica da mencionada patologia. O plano de tratamento adotado preconizou uma intervenção conservadora de descompressão e acompanhamento pós-operatório. A paciente se encontra em pós-operatório de 19 meses cirúrgico sem queixas álgicas e/ou funcionais.Descritores: Cistos Ósseos; Descompressão; Terapêutica.ReferênciasShuster A, Shlomi B, Reiser V, Kaplan I. Solid keratocystic odontogenic tumor report of a non agressive case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(4):865-70.Tsukamoto G, Sasaki A, Akiyama T, Ishikawa T, Kishimoto K, Nishiyama A, et al. A radiologic analysis of dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts associated with a mandibular third molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;91(6):743-47.Chan JKC, El-Naggar AK, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootweg PJ. Who classification of head and neck tumours. World Health Organization 2017, 4th edition.Wright JM, Vered M. Update from the 4th edition of the world health organization classification of head and neck tumours: odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors. Head Neck Pathology. 2017; 11(1): 68-77.Gil JN, Rau Lh, Manfro R, Gasperini G, Dunker C, Chiarelli M. Ceratocisto odontogênico - caso clínico. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac. 2003;44(3):59-69.Regezi JÁ, Sciubba JJ. Patologia bucal: correlações clinicopatológicas. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2000.Larsen PE. Marsupialization for odontogenic keratocysts: Long-term follow-up analysis of the effects and changes in growth characteristics. 2002;94(5):543-53.Gambhir A, Rani G. Conservative management of keratocystic odontogenic tumour with enucleation, excision of the overlying mucosa and electrocauterization: a case report. West Indian Med J. 2014;63(7):775-78.Núñez-Urrutia S, Figueiredo R, Gay-Escoda C. Retrospective clinicopathological study of 418 odontogenic cysts. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(5):e767-73.González-Alva P, Tanaka A, Oku Y, Yoshizawa D, Itoh S, Sakashita H, et al. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor: a retrospective study of 183 cases. J Oral Sci. 2008; 50(2):205-12.Jones AV, Craig GT, Franklin CD. Range and demographics of odontogenic cysts diagnosed in a UK population over a 30-year period. J Oral Pathol Med. 2006;35(8):500-7.Zhao YF, Wei JX, Wang SP. Treatment of odontogenic Keratocysts: a follow-up of 255 Chinese patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodo. 2002;94(2):151-56 .Meara JG, Shah S, Li KK, Cunningham MJ. The odontogenic keratocyst: a 20-year clinicophatologic review. Laryngoscope. 1998;108(2):280-83Kulkarni GH, Khaji SI, Metkari S, Kulkarni HS, Kulkarni R. Multiple keratocysts of the mandible in association with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: A rare case report. Contemp Clin Dent. 2014;5(3):419-21.Speight PM, Takata T. New tumour entities in the 4th edition of the world health organization classification of head and neck tumours: odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours. Virchows Arch. 2018;472(3):331-39.Wright JM. The odontogenic keratocyst: orthokeratinized variant. Oral Surg. 1981;51(1):609-18.Hupp JR, Ellis III E, Tucker MR. Cirurgia oral e maxillofacial contemporânea. 5. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2009.Dammer R, Niederdellmann H, Dammer P, Nuebler-Moritz M. Conservative or radical tretment of keratocysts: a retrospective review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;35(1):46-8.Browne RM. The pathogeneses of odontogenic cysts: a review. J Oral Pathol. 1975;4(1):31-46.de Molon RS, Verzola MH, Pires LC, Mascarenhas VI, da Silva RB, Cirelli JA et al. Five years follow-up of a keratocyst odontogenic tumor treated by marsupialization and enucleation: A case report and literature review. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(Suppl 1):S106-10.Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Patologia oral e maxilofacial. 3.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2009.de Souza LB, Gordón-Núñez MAG, Nonaka CFW, de Medeiros MC, Torres TF, Emiliano GBG. Odontogenic cysts: Demographic profile in a Brazilian population over a 38-year period. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(4):e583-90.EL-Gehani R, Orafi M, Elarbi M, Subhashraj K: Benign tumours of orofacial region at Benghazi, Libya: a study of 405 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2009;37(7):370-75.Moura BS, Cavalcante MA, Hespanhol W. Tumor odontogênico ceratocístico.  Keratocystic odontogenic tumor. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2016;43(6):466-71.Kaczmarzyk T, Mojsa I, Stypulkowska J. A systematic review of the recurrence rate for keratocystic odontogenic tumour in relation to treatment modalities. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;41(6):756-67.Lima GM, Nogueira RLM, Rabenhorst SHB. Considerações atuais sobre o comportamento biológico dos queratocistos odontogênicos. Rev Cir Traumatol Buco-Maxilo-fac. 2006;6(2):9-16.Madras J, Lapointe H. Keratocystic odontogenic tumour: reclassification of the odontogenic keratocyst from cyst to tumour. J Canad Dent Assoc. 2008; 74(2):165-165h.

scholarly journals Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma of the Mandible

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soniya Adyanthaya ◽  
Pushparaja Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Radiographic Finding ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Anatomical Distribution ◽  
Bone Expansion ◽  
Radiolucent Lesion

The Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma exhibits important differences in anatomical distribution, histologicappearance and radiographic findings compared with the classic type of ameloblastoma. We describea case of desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma localized in the mandibular anterior portion of thejaw, extending posteriorly in the left side. The tumor was expansile, slowly growing and painless.The radiographic finding showed diffuse, radiolucent lesion with cortical bone expansion. Surgicalexcision was performed and follow-up examination done after two years disclosed no recurrence.The purpose of this article is to assist in better understanding of this variant of odontogenic tumor._______________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: Ameloblastoma; desmoplasia; mandible; odontogenic tumor.

scholarly journals A SURVEY ON RHINO - ORBITAL - CEREBRAL MUCORMYCOSIS PATIENTS - A POST COVID OCCURRENCE IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073
Author(s):  
Dhinakaran N. ◽  
◽  
Arul Sundaresh Kumar L. ◽  
Karthikeyan B.M. ◽  
Monisha R.M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Age Range

With increasing case reports of Rhino - Orbital - Cerebral Mucormycosis, a secondary infection to Post COVID condition, the present study aimed to find the occurrence of Mucormycosis across various age groups, its presence among vaccinated population, relation between hyperglycemia and mucormycosis, site of involvement of nasal/ sinus mucormycosis and the Culture based genus classification of fungal Mucormycosis. A total number of 250 patients diagnosed with either Confirmed/ Suspected Mucormycosis, a Post COVID infection were included in the study. For all the patients, their demographic data, comorbities, vaccination details, imaging findings and follow up information were obtained and statistically analyzed for the study. The results show that: a) A major of 36.4% of mucormycosis patients were found between the age range of 51 - 60 years. B) Vaccinated population is less vulnerable to COVID and its secondary infection - Mucormycosis. C) Site of involvement of Nasal/ Sinus Mucormycosis is found as a Combined Maxillary+Ethmoid+orbit involvement in 80.8% followed by Ehtmoidal involvement and palatal involvement. D) Presence of diabetes mellitus was present among 93.2% of the participants and E) The genus classification shows the occurrence of Rhizopus Arrhizus was the cause for mucormycosis found in many of the culture based fungal infection among the Post COVID patients involved in the study. The study concludes that patients treated for COVID in the age group of 30 years to 70 years are more vulnerable to acquire Mucormycosis. Glycemic control among the COVID treatment patients will grossly prevent the occurrence of Mucormycosis infection.

Paroxysmal Hemicrania in Children—Symptoms, Diagnostic Criteria, Therapy and Outcome

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Blankenburg ◽  
T Hechler ◽  
G Dubbel ◽  
C Wamsler ◽  
B Zernikow
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Paroxysmal Hemicrania ◽  
Validated Questionnaires ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Patient Pain ◽  
International Headache Society Classification

Whereas paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is studied extensively in adults, even case reports of PH in children are rare. We present the first prospective follow-up study on PH in children. Our aim was to investigate whether differences exist between paediatric and adult patients. We assessed all children with chronic headache who were referred to our paediatric out-patient pain clinic within 3 years based on interviews and validated questionnaires. Among 628 patients we found five children with PH (0.8%) and three with probable PH (0.5%), in total 1.3%. Pain characteristics, autonomic symptoms and treatment response to indomethacin were similar to adult PH patients. Our results demonstrate that the International Headache Society classification of PH is also applicable to children. We suspect that PH has been underdiagnosed in children and therefore suboptimally treated thus far.

scholarly journals Ameloblastic fibroma: A rare case report with 7-year follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araújo de ◽  
Adna Barros ◽  
Cássia de ◽  
Arlei Cerqueira ◽  
Dos Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Ameloblastic Fibroma ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Introduction. Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor that usually occurs in the first two decades of life. It affects adolescents and young adults and is found in the mandible and with a higher frequency in the posterior region of this segment. There are rare case reports with a long-term follow-up. Case Outline. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with extensive ameloblastic fibroma in the mandible. Treatment consisted of enucleation and bone curettage, with the preservation of permanent teeth adjacent to the tumor. Clinical and radiographic follow-up of the patient over a period of 7 years showed no signs of recurrence or malignant transformation. Conclusion. Patients with AF should be under follow-up for prolonged periods of time, even in cases exhibiting a low proliferation index, because of the potential for recurrence and malignant transformation of this tumor.

scholarly journals TRATAMENTO CONSERVADOR DE AMELOBLASTOMA SÓLIDO DE GRANDE EXTENSÃO EM PACIENTE PEDIÁTRICO: RELATO DE CASO

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Oliveira Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Odontogenic Tumor ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Unicystic Ameloblastoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mandibular Teeth

O ameloblastoma é considerado o tumor odontogênico clinicamente mais comum, segundo Neville. Tem origem epitelial odontogênica, podendo surgir dos restos da lâmina dentária de órgão de esmalte em desenvolvimento, das células basais da mucosa oral e do revestimento epitelial de um cisto odontogênico. São tumores de crescimento lento, porém invasivos e não possuem predileção por gênero. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de ameloblastoma sólido em um paciente de 12 anos apresentado ao serviço de Cirurgia Oral e Maxilofacial no Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado com história de mudança de posição e mobilidade da porção anterior dos dentes mandibulares e aumento do volume de sínfise. A análise da radiografia panorâmica revelou uma grande lesão radiolúcida e unilocular, que se estende do dente 34 ao dente 45, sugerindo o diagnóstico de ameloblastoma unicístico. A tomografia computadorizada mostrou uma lesão expansiva com substancial perda óssea cortical. A biópsia foi realizada e o histopatológico revelou que se tratava de um ameloblastoma sólido com padrão plexiforme. O tratamento de escolha foi excisão e ostectomia periférica. O paciente teve um acompanhamento de cerca de 8 anos sem recorrência.Palavras-chaves: Tumor odontogênico, Ameloblastoma, Ameloblastoma sólido, Cirurgia, Tratamento conservador, Paciente pediátrico. ABSTRACTAmeloblastoma is considered the clinically most common odontogenic tumor, according to Neville. It has an odontogenic epithelial origin, and may arise from the remains of the dental enamel organ in development, the basal cells of the oral mucosa and the epithelial lining of an odontogenic cyst. They are slow-growing tumors, but they are invasive and have no predilection for gender. The aim of this study is to report a case of a solid ameloblastoma in a 12-year-old presented to the Oral and Maxillofacial department at HFSE (Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado) with a history of change in position and mobility of the anterior mandibular teeth and increased volume of symphysis. Panoramic radiograph analysis revealed a large radiolucent and unilocular lesion, extending from the element 34 to the element 45, suggesting the diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma. Computed tomographic scan showed an expansive lesion with substantial cortical bone loss. A biopsy was performed and the histopathological be revealed solid ameloblastoma of plexiform type. The treatment of choice was excision and peripheral ostectomy. This patient had a follow up about 8 years without recurrence.Key words: Odontogenic tumor, Ameloblastoma, Solid ameloblastoma, Conservative Treatment, Pediatric patient.

scholarly journals Técnica de uso do corpo adiposo da bochecha para reconstrução orbitária

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno dos Reis Fernandes ◽  
Darah Lígia Marchiori ◽  
Oswaldo Belloti Neto ◽  
Patrese Pereira de Bella ◽  
Gabriel Mulinari dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Buccal Fat Pad ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Zygomatic Implants ◽  
Oral Reconstruction ◽  
Oroantral Communication

O corpo adiposo da bochecha é uma massa tubular de gordura localizado no espaço bucal, entre os músculos masseter e o bucinador, auxiliando nos processos de sucção e mastigação, além de desempenhar uma função protetora de algumas estruturas da face. Devido à sua rica vascularização, tamanho semelhante em todos os indivíduos, fácil acesso e pequena taxa de complicações, é usado para vários fins terapêuticos. Neste artigo é relatado um caso clínico no qual o corpo adiposo de bichat é utilizado em uma reconstrução orbitária para dar volume ao conteúdo orbitário.Descritores: Tecido Adiposo; Corpo Adiposo; Cirurgia Bucal.ReferênciasShoja MM, Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Shokouhi G, Ardalan MR. Marie-François Xavier Bichat (1771-1802) and his contributions to the foundations of pathological anatomy and modern medicine. Ann Anat.2008;190(5):413-20Alonso-González R, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Aloy-Prósper A, Camacho-Alonso F, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Closure of oroantral communications with Bichat´s buccal fat pad. Level of patient satisfaction. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7(1):e28-33.Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Alonso-González R, Pellicer-Chover H, Aloy-Prósper A, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Closure of oroantral communication with buccal fat pad after removing bilateral failed zygomatic implants: A case report and 6-month follow-up. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7(1):e159-62.Baumann A, Ewers R. Application of the buccal fat pad in oral reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58(4):389-92.Zhang HM, Yan YP, Qi KM, Wang JQ, Liu ZF. Anatomical structure of the buccal fat pad and its clinical adaptations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002; 109(7):2519-20.Stuzin JM, Wagstrom L, Kawamoto HK, Baker TJ, Wolfe SA. The anatomy and clinical application of the buccal fat pad. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;85(1):29-37.Pessa JE, Rohrich RJ. Discussion: aging changes of the midfacial fat compartments: a computed tomographic study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012; 129(1):274-75.Xu J, Yu Y. A modified surgical method of lower-face recontouring. Aesth Plast Surg. 2013; 37(2):216-21.Martin-Granizo R, Naval L, Costas A, Goizueta C, Rodriguez F, Monje F et al. Use of buccal fat pad to repair intraoral defects: review of 30 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;35(2):81-4.Carbonell A, Salavert A, Planas J. Resection of the Buccal Fat Pad in the Treatment of Hypertrophy of the Masseter Muscle. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1991;15(3):219-22Meyer E, Liebenberg SJ, Fagan JJ. Buccal fat pad-a simple underutilised flap. S Afr J Surg. 2012; 50(2): 47-9.Berrone M, Florindi FU, Carbone V, Aldiano C, Pentenero M. Stage 3 medication-related osteonecrosis of the posterior maxilla: surgical treatment using a pedicled buccal fat pad flap: case reports. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015; 73(11): 2082-86.

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