The Role of Serum IL-1β in Combination with Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in the Diagnosis of Adult Bronchial Asthma

Background: Asthma is a chronic airway disorder, in which cytokines are probably contributing in the inflammation and in the pathophysiology of the disease. This study aimed to determine the benefit of measurement of FENO and IL-1β in the diagnosis of asthma. Method: The study was conducted in Merjan Medical City and Spiro private clinic in Babylon province in the period from March to June 2019, 127 asthmatic patients were compared with 60 healthy subjects as control group. The age ranged from 10 to 60 years old, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) test was performed to assess asthma by using (Medisoft® company, Belgium). Body mass index (BMI) was subtracted as weight (kg)/height (m2). Waist circumference/cm (WC) was calculated between the inferior margin of thoracic ribs and midline of the iliac-crest. Hip circumference/cm (HC) was calculated from the broadest hip eminent before the waist/hip ratio (W/H) computed. The FENO measures had classified into low (<25 ppb) or intermediate-high (⩾25 ppb) according to the ‘’American Thoracic Society recommendations’’. Iterleukine-1 beta (IL-1β) was measured in the sera by ELISA technique using Human IL-1β (Interleukin 1-Beta) ELISA Kit from Elabscience®. Results: there was no significant correlation between the levels of FENO and IL-1β with body weight as measured by the way of BMI and waist/hip ratio. There was no correlation between duration of asthma with the levels of FENO and IL-1β. ROC curve analysis of FENO test in BA patients showed significant (p-0.001) high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (90%). However, ROC curve analysis of IL-1β in BA patients revealed non-significant (p-0.53), lower accuracy (56.4%), sensitivity 962%) and specificity (57%) to distinguish BA patients). Conclusion: No relation between obesity and eosinophilic airways inflammation. The measurement of FENO level is more important in assessment of asthma inflammation than IL-1β.

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The effect of BKV reactivation on cytokines behavior in kidney transplanted patients

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02645-y ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Rahimi ◽

Ramin Yaghobi ◽

Afsoon Afshari ◽

Jamshid Roozbeh ◽

Mohammad Javad Mokhtari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Expression Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Inactive Group

Abstract Background BK virus associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is one of the common causes of graft loss among kidney transplanted recipients (KTRs). The current treatment for BKV nephropathy is decreasing the immunosuppressive regimen in KTRs. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a multifunctional cytokine that might be the front-runner of an important pathway in this regard. Therefore, in current study it is tried to evaluate the changes in the expression level of IL-27 and some related molecules, resulting from BKV reactivation in KTR patients. Methods EDTA-treated blood samples were collected from all participants. Patients were divided into two groups, 31 kidney transplant recipients with active and 32 inactive BKV infection, after being monitored by Real time PCR (Taq-Man) in plasma. Total of 30 normal individuals were considered as healthy control group. Real time PCR (SYBR Green) technique is used to determine the expression level of studied genes. Results The results of gene expression comparisons showed that the expression level of IL-27, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNFR2 and IRF7 genes was significantly higher in inactive group in comparison to active group. The expression level of TLR4 was lower in both active and inactive groups in comparison to control group. ROC curve analysis showed that IL-27 and IRF7 are significantly different amongst other studied genes. Finally, the analyses revealed that the expression level of most of the studied genes (except for TNF-α and TLR4) have significant correlation with viral load. Conclusions Our findings revealed that IL-27, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNFR2 and IRF7 expression level is higher in inactive group and TLR4 expression level is lower in patients’ groups in comparison to control group. Also, ROC curve analysis showed IL-27 and IRF7 can significantly differentiate studied groups (BKV active vs. inactive). Therefore, these results might help elucidating the pattern in charge of BKV reactivation in kidney transplanted patients.

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Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using abnormal urinary fragmentation ratio of a liver-originated protein.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.214 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 214-214

Author(s):

Motoyasu Kan ◽

Shuichi Mitsunaga ◽

Masafumi Ikeda ◽

Izumi Ohno ◽

Hironobu Tsubouchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Protein Fragments ◽

Abnormal Protein ◽

Pdac Tissue ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Fragmentation Ratio

214 Background: Non PDAC tissue-originated proteins are cleaved by proteases derived from PDAC, which can result in abnormal cleavage patterns in the urine of PDAC patients. Urinary proteomic analysis for quantifying the ratios of the abnormal protein fragments to the non-fragmented protein levels in the urine may be useful to distinguish early PDAC from healthy controls. This proof-of-concept study was planned to determine the usefulness of measuring the protein fragments from non PDAC tissue-originated proteins in the urine using the multiple-reaction-monitoring technique (MRM) for discriminating resectable PDAC from healthy controls. Methods: Urinary proteins were digested with trypsin, and resultant peptides were measured by MRM analysis and the ratio of the level of each fragment to the non-fragmented protein level (fragmentation ratio) was calculated. Fragments for which the fragmentation ratios were higher in the PDAC group than those in the healthy group were defined as abnormal protein fragments. The diagnostic capability of each abnormal protein fragment for discriminating cases of PDAC from healthy controls was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: A total of 21 patients with resectable PDAC and 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. All the PDAC patients were treated by pancreatic resection. Urine samples for this study were collected prior to the surgery from the PDAC patients. The non PDAC tissue-originated protein was determined as a liver-originated protein. The fragmentation ratios for six fragments were found to be higher in the PDAC group as compared to those in the healthy control group, and these fragments were determined as abnormal protein fragments. ROC curve analysis was performed for each of the abnormal fragments to determine the areas under the curve (AUCs) for discriminating cases of PDAC from healthy controls. The best AUC was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68-0.91). Conclusions: The urinary fragmentation ratios showed the ability to discriminate cases of resectable PDAC from a healthy control group; abnormal fragmentation ratios may be promising, noninvasively measurable biomarkers of early PDAC.

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Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Follow-Up Study

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029617702243 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 483-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nilay Orak Akbay ◽

Zuleyha Bingol ◽

Esen Kiyan ◽

Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz ◽

Ahmet Kaya Bilge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease although significant improvements in treatment are achieved. Easily implemented and noninvasive prognostic techniques are needed while following-up these patients. The aim was to investigate the role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in follow-up for patients with PH. In this longitudinal study, patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) who were seen in PH Outpatient Clinic, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, were enrolled in the study. Echocardiography, 6-minute walking test, brain natriuretic peptide, and FeNO measurements were performed, and World Health Organization functional class was evaluated to all patients at baseline, and third, and sixth months. Right-heart catheterization and pulmonary function tests at the time of diagnosis were recorded. The study comprised 31 patients (23 women, 8 men; mean age: 53.4 ± 17.1 years) with PAH (n = 19) and CTEPH (n = 12) and 80 healthy controls. Patients with PH had lower FeNO values than the control group (16.5 ppb vs 19.8 ppb; P < .05). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide values did not change during follow-up and did not correlate with other follow-up measures except tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide was higher in the idiopathic PAH subgroup at baseline and at third month than patients with PAH associated with other diseases. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide did not change in patients who had clinical deterioration. As a conclusion; Patients with PH had lower FeNO values than healthy controls, but FeNO did not change significantly during follow-up. Large-scale studies with prolonged follow-up periods are needed to understand the role of FeNO in the follow-up of the patients with PH.

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Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and respiratory complaints in Hajj pilgrims wearing a cotton towel or plain cotton ihram

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519891009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 030006051989100

Author(s):

Sultan Ayoub Meo ◽

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Abeer Al-Masri ◽

Inam Zia ◽

Sibtain Afzal

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Clinical History ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

Control Group ◽

Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

Respiratory Illnesses ◽

Runny Nose

Objective Hajj is an important component of Islam. This study aimed to determine the effect of wearing a cotton towel or plain cotton ihram on the onset of respiratory symptoms and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels in Hajj pilgrims. Methods One hundred male nonsmoking subjects (age: 20–60 years) without a previous clinical history of respiratory illnesses were included. Fifty subjects were dressed in a cotton towel ihram and 50 wore a plain cotton ihram (control group). Respiratory symptoms and FeNO levels were recorded on the day before leaving for Hajj, when ihrams were removed, and when the pilgrims had returned home. Results Pilgrims who wore cotton towel ihrams showed significantly higher rates of respiratory symptoms, including being generally ill, coughing, a sore throat, and a runny nose, than those who wore plain ihrams. FeNO levels also tended to be higher in pilgrims who wore a cotton towel ihram compared with those with a plain cotton ihram during and after Hajj. Conclusions Hajj pilgrims who wear cotton towel ihrams may have a risk of respiratory symptoms, including a cough, sore throat, and runny nose. Therefore, a plain cotton ihram is advisable while performing Hajj to minimize respiratory illness.

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Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of IL-6 and sTREM-1 in SIRS and Sepsis in Children

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2020/8201585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Beata Smok ◽

Krzysztof Domagalski ◽

Małgorzata Pawłowska

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Assay Method ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of IL-6 and sTREM-1 in the course of SIRS and sepsis in children with reference to routinely used CRP and PCT. Methods. A prospective study included 180 patients at the ages from 2 months to 18 years hospitalized due to fever from November 2015 to January 2017. Forty-nine children without fever hospitalized due to noninfectious causes formed the control group. IL-6 and sTREM-1 serum concentrations were assessed with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results. The mean serum concentrations of all the analyzed biomarkers were statistically significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. Mean IL-6, sTREM-1, and PCT serum concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the group of patients with SIRS/sepsis compared to the group of feverish patients without diagnosed SIRS (N-SIRS). Based on the ROC curve analysis, it was shown that of all the biomarkers tested, only two—IL-6 and procalcitonin—had potential usefulness in the diagnosis of SIRS/sepsis in children with fever. Conclusion. Elevated levels of IL-6 and PCT are important risk factors for the development of SIRS/sepsis in children with fever. It seems that elevated IL-6 baseline serum level may predict a more severe course of febrile illness in children, because based on the ROC curve analysis, it was found that IL-6 is a statistically significant prognostic marker of prolonged fever≥3 days and prolonged hospitalization>10 days. The assessment of the usefulness of sTREM-1 in the diagnosis of SIRS/sepsis in feverish children requires further research.

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Evaluation of axial length/total corneal refractive power ratio as a potential marker for ocular diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome in children

International Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.18240/ijo.2021.08.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1218-1224

Author(s):

Tian-Hui Chen ◽

◽

Yu-Liang Wang ◽

Min Zhang ◽

Jia-Hui Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Axial Length ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Youden Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Marfan’S Syndrome ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Marfan's Syndrome ◽

Refractive Power ◽

Corneal Refractive Power

AIM: To investigate whether the axial length (AL)/total corneal refractive power (TCRP) ratio is a sensitive and simple factor that can be used for the early diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome (MFS) in children. METHODS: The relationship between the AL/TCRP ratio and the diagnosis of MFS for 192 eyes in 97 children were evaluate. The biological characteristics, including age, sex, AL, and TCRP, were collected from medical records. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to investigate whether the AL/TCRP ratio effectively distinguishes MFS from other subjects. The Youden index was used to re-divide the whole population into two groups according to an AL/TCRP ratio of 0.59. RESULTS: Of 96 subjects (mean age 7.46±3.28y) evaluated, 56 (110 eyes) had a definite diagnosis of MFS in childhood based on the revised Ghent criteria, 41 (82 eyes) with diagnosis of congenital ectopia lentis (EL) were included as a control group. AL was negatively correlated with TCRP, with a linear regression coefficient of -0.36 (R2=0.08). A significant correlation was found between age and the AL/TCRP ratio (P=0.023). ROC curve analysis showed that the AL/TCRP ratio distinguished MFS from the other patients at a threshold of 0.59. MFS patients were present in 24/58 (41.38%) patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of ≤0.59 and in 34/39 (87.18%) patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of >0.59. CONCLUSION: An AL/TCRP ratio of >0.59 is significantly associated with the risk of MFS. The AL/TCRP ratio should be measured as a promising marker for the prognosis of children MFS. Changes in the AL/TCRP ratio should be monitored over time.

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Diagnostic Value of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Small Airway Function in Differentiating Cough-Variant Asthma from Typical Asthma

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2021/9954411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yanqi Wang ◽

Lixuan Zhao ◽

Fang Chen ◽

Yufeng Guo ◽

Hongxia Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Provocation Test ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

Small Airway ◽

Diagnostic Efficiency ◽

Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

Cough Variant Asthma ◽

Airway Function

Purpose. To explore the diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), small airway function, and a combined of both in differentiating cough-variant asthma (CVA) from typical asthma (TA). Methods. A total of 206 asthma subjects, including 104 CVA and 102 TA, were tested for pulmonary function, bronchial provocation test and FeNO. The correlation between FeNO, small airway function and other pulmonary indicators was analyzed by single correlation and multiple regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of FeNO, small airway function, and their combination and to predict the optimal cut-off point. Results. All the respiratory function parameters and small airway function indicators in TA group were significantly different from those in CVA group, and FeNO value was significantly higher than that in CVA group. In addition, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated to be 0.660 for FeNO, 0.895 for MMEF75%/25%, 0.873 for FEF50%, 0.898 for FEF25%, 0.695 for Fres, 0.650 for R5-R20, and 0.645 for X5. The optimal cut-off points of FeNO, MMEF75%/25%, FEF50%, FEF25%, Fres, R5-R20 and X5, were 48.50 ppb, 60.02%, 63.46%, 45.26%, 16.63 Hz, 0.38 kPa·L−1·s−1, and −1.32, respectively. And the AUC of FeNO combined with small airway function indexes FEF25%, Fres, R5-R20, and X5 were prior than single indicators. Conclusion. FeNO and small airway function indexes might have great diagnostic value for differentiating CVA from TA. The combination of FeNO and FEF25%, Fres, R5-R20, and X5 provided a significantly better prediction than either alone.

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Cough Reflex Sensitivity and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children With Asthma

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934601 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. S455-S461

Author(s):

P KUNC ◽

J FABRY ◽

T ZATKO ◽

M GRENDAR ◽

M TATAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

Control Group ◽

Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽

Cough Reflex Sensitivity ◽

Cough Reflex ◽

Cough Variant Asthma ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Children With Asthma

Individual studies have suggested the utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement in detecting cough-variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis in patients with chronic cough. The aim of this study was to clarify a correlation of cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children. 25 children with asthma and 15 controls were submitted to cough reflex sensitivity measurement – capsaicin aerosol in doubling concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 µmol/l) was inhaled by a single breath method. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement was included. Asthmatic children (11 boys and 14 girls, mean age 9±1 years) and control group (unconfirmed diagnosis of asthma) (6 boys and 9 girls, mean age 8±1 years) were included into the study. FeNO vs. C2 in asthma (Spearman´s rank correlation: -0.146, p=0.49); FENO vs. C5 in asthma (Spearman´s rank correlation: -0.777, p=0.71). We found that there is no correlation between cough reflex sensitivity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide either in children with asthma or in the control group.

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Side Scatter Level of Main Populations in Peripheral Blood using Flow Cytometry as a Tool for the Screening/Detection of Dysplasia and Its Utility in the Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.5091.5091 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 5091-5091

Author(s):

Ekaterina Rusanova ◽

Ramon Simon-Lopez

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Significance Level ◽

The Mean

Abstract The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal bone marrow disorders characterized by peripheral cytopenias, ineffective hematopoiesis, and unilineage or multilineage dysplasia. The feature used commonly for the diagnostic of MDS includes several morphological cell characteristics such as the presence of hypogranulation in the neutrophils. We have observed in our daily experience at the Mean Scatter of neutrophils was lower in MDS than in normal cases. We have observed that Lymphocyte scatter is quite constant in normal cases and in the majority of MDS. 11 patients diagnosed with MDS and 16 normal blood donors as a control group were enrolled into this study. The protocol of study included evaluation of blood cell populations by hematological analyzer GenS (BC), smears microscopy and flow cytometry for identification a level of granularity of neutrophils (FC500, BC). We created a single tube protocol for immunophenotyping of blood cells by multiparametric flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies: CD14-FITC, CD16-PE, CD33-PC5 and CD45-PC7 (BC). We isolated the neutrophil and the lymphocyte populations by subsequent gating steps according to FS/SS, CD45/SS, CD45/CD16 and CD33/CD14. After gating, we measured the Mean Side Scatter in lymphocytes and neutrophils. In order to standardize the NE Mean Scatter we used also a ratio that was calculated by dividing the Neutrophil Mean Scatter by Lymphocyte Mean Scatter. Descriptive Statistics Mean Scatter n Mean SD Median Normals 16 633.6 99.7 612 MDS 11 564.4 83.1 543 Comparative Statistics Normals vs MDS T-test Mean differences ROC AUC ROC cut-off sensitivity specificity sign. ROC Mean NE Scatter 0.071 69.11 0.685 <=543 54.5 87.5 0.0732 Ratio NES/LYS 0.016 2.175 0.824 <=8.34 81.82 81.25 0.0001 The results show the consistent differences between the Neutrophil Mean Scatter in the MDS group compared with the normals with a p =0.07 near the level of statistical significance. The Ratio between Mean Scatter of Neutrophils and the Mean Scatter of Lymphocytes (Ratio NE S/LY S) was significantly lower in MDS than in the group of normals (p=0.016). The ROC Curve analysis using the Neutrophil Mean Scatter to detect/flag MDS showed an acceptable area under the curve AUC=0.685 (significance level 0.073) with a cut-off of <=533 we obtain a sensitivity of 54.5% with a specificity of 87.5%. The ROC Curve analysis using the Ratio NE S/LY S to detect/flag MDS have shown a good area under the curve AUC=0.824 (significance level 0.0001) with a cut-off of <=8.34 we obtain a sensitivity of 81.8% with a specificity of 81.2%. The fact about hypogranularity of the neutrophils is a well known feature of MDS. Using the Neutrophil Mean Scatter and the Ratio between Mean Scatter of Neutrophils and the Mean Scatter of Lymphocytes may be useful tool to detect or flag the neutrophil hypogranularity and will permit to help in the differential diagnosis of MDS. These data are numerical, quantitative and objective. It will be necessary to increase the number of cases (MDS) and to include other hematologic malignancies in order to see the specificity of this findings compared with other diseases.

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An overview of procalcitonin in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: clinical diagnosis, follow-up, prognosis and survival rates

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2020-0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 593-600

Author(s):

Nahide Ekici-Günay ◽

Serhat Koyuncu

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Diagnostic Threshold

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates whether a diagnostic threshold value of procalcitonin exists in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), while also determining the correlation between serum procalcitonin and routine diagnostic laboratory markers, monitoring changes in procalcitonin levels over time during hospitalization, and exploring the effect of procalcitonin levels on survival rates.MethodsA total of 161 patients, including 100 with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of CCHF and 61 as a control group, were retrospectively investigated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the contribution of procalcitonin when diagnosing the onset in CCHF patients. Procalcitonin levels were measured with Diazyme latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric method in Roche Cobas C501 analyzer. A Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to compare the groups, a Mantel–Haenszel (log-rank) test was used to calculate for graphic of original individual patient time-to-event data, and a Kaplan–Meier survival curve was plotted.ResultsA ROC curve analysis identified a best predictive procalcitonin level cut-off point of 0.560 μg/L, with a specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 27% for CCHF. The highest levels of procalcitonin were measured on day 2 during the follow-up throughout and on the 5th day peaked for a second time, lower than the first.ConclusionsProcalcitonin may serve as prognostic indicator and an auxiliary biomarker to rule out of CCHF.

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