Dampak Pemberian Pupuk Hayati dan NPK Terhadap Emisi CO2 Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Lahan Gambut

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Dika Riyani ◽  
Evi Gusmayanti ◽  
Muhammad Pramulya
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Fertility Analysis ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit selalu disertai dengan pemupukan, seperti pupuk hayati dan NPK. Namun kegiatan pemupukan ini berpotensi meningkatkan aktivitas mikroorganisme dalam mendekomposisi bahan organik gambut yang selanjutnya menghasilkan emisi CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur emisi CO2 sebelum dan sesudah pemupukan hayati dan NPK dari perkebunan kelapa sawit fase belum menghasilkan (umur tanaman 3 tahun) dan fase menghasilkan (umur tanaman 12 tahun). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Barat.  Emisi CO2 yang diukur pada enam belas subplot dengan metode sungkup tertutup menggunakan sensor CO2 Vaisala GMP343.  Pengukuran emisi CO2 dilakukan seminggu sekali dari bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2020.  Bersamaan dengan pengukuran emisi CO2 dilakukan pengukuran suhu tanah, suhu udara dan kedalaman muka air tanah yang diikuti pengambilan sampel tanah untuk analisis pH, Eh dan kadar air gravimetrik.  Pengambilan sampel tanah terganggu untuk analisis kesuburan gambut dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali yaitu seminggu sebelum pengukuran emisi CO2, setelah aplikasi pupuk hayati dan setelah aplikasi pupuk NPK.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan emisi CO2 sebelum dan sesudah pemupukan tidak berbeda nyata.  Rerata emisi CO2 setelah pemupukan hayati cenderung lebih rendah dan kembali meningkat setelah pemupukan NPK.  Besaran emisi CO2 pada tanaman belum menghasilkan sebelum pemupukan sebesar 0,65 ± 0,36 g CO2 m-2 jam-1, setelah pemupukan hayati sebesar 0,56 ± 0,28 g CO2 m-2 jam-1 dan setelah pemupukan NPK sebesar  0,60 ± 0,32 g CO2 m-2 jam-1.  Sedangkan rerata emisi CO2 pada lokasi tanaman menghasilkan sebelum pemupukan yaitu 0,53 ± 0,24 g CO2 m-2 jam-1, setelah pemupukan hayati 0,38 ± 0,18 g CO2 m-2 jam-1 dan setelah pemupukan NPK meningkat menjadi 0,66 ± 0,43 g CO2 m-2 jam-1.ABSTRACTFertilization is a common practice when utilizing peatlands for oil palm plantation.  It includes bio fertilizer and compound NPK fertilizer.  However, fertilization may potentially increase microorganism activities leading to higher CO2 emission. This study aims to measure CO2 emissions before and after application of bio fertilizer and compound NPK fertilizer to oil palm plantations. This research was conducted on palm plantations in West Kalimantan. There are two plots of measurements i.e. immature oil palm, about 3 years of age and producing oil palm about 12 years of age, and every plot consists eight subplots. The measurement of CO2 emissions carried out according to closed chamber method using Vaisala GMP343 CO2 sensor once a week from August to October 2020. Along with measurement of CO2 emissions, environmental factors were also measured, i.e.  soil temperature, air temperature and groundwater level, pH, Eh and gravimetric water content.  Sampling of disturbed soil for peat fertility analysis was carried out three times, a week before measuring CO2 emissions, after application of bio-fertilizers and after application of compound NPK fertilizer. The results showed that CO2 emissions before and after fertilization were not significantly different. The average CO2 emission after biological fertilization tends to be lower than that before fertilizer application and tend to increase after NPK fertilization. The amount of CO2 emission in immature plot before fertilization is 0,65 ± 0,36 g CO2 m-2 hour-1, after biological fertilization is 0,56 ± 0,28 g CO2 m-2 hour-1 and after NPK fertilization is 0,60 ± 0,32 g CO2 m-2 hour-1.  Meanwhile, the average CO2 emission at the location of the plant produced before fertilization was 0,53 ± 0,24 g CO2 m-2 hour-1, after biological fertilization was 0,38 ± 0,18 g CO2 m-2 hour-1 and after NPK fertilization increased to 0,66 ± 0,43 g CO2 m-2 hour-1.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Tropical Drained Peatlands and CO2 Emission under Several Land Use Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
I Gusti Putu Wigena ◽  
. Husnain ◽  
Erni Susanti ◽  
Fahmuddin Agus
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Study Sites

Converting of tropical rain forest into plantation and agriculture land uses has been claimed as a main factor that affects to global warming and climate change. In order to provide a comprehensive information of the issue, a field observation on  peat properties in relation to CO2 emission under several land use types had been done  at Lubuk Ogong Village, Pelalawan District, Riau Province from May 2011-April 2012. Five land use types, namely A. mangium, bare land, oil palm, rubber, and secondary forest have been selected in the study site. Observations were made for chemical and physical properties, above and below ground C-stock and CO2 emissions. The results showed a higher variation of peat depth and a below ground C-stock was almost linearly with a peat depth. Below ground C-stock for each land use was around 2848.55 Mg ha-1, 2657.08 Mg ha-1 5949.85 Mg ha-1,  3374.69 Mg ha-1, 4104.87 Mg ha-1 for secondary forest, rubber, oil palm, bare land, and A. mangium, respectively. The highest above ground C-stock observed on a secondary forest was 131.5 Mg ha-1, followed by the four years A. mangium 48.4 Mg ha-1, the 1-2 years A. mangium 36.6 Mg ha-1, and the 4 years A. mangium 34.4 Mg ha-1. While, CO2 emissions in the study sites were 66.58±21.77 Mg ha-1yr-1, 66.17±25.54 Mg ha-1yr-1, 64.50±31.49 Mg ha-1yr-1, 59.55±18.30 Mg ha-1yr-1, 53.65±16.91 Mg ha-1yr-1 for bareland, oil palm, secondary forest, A. mangium, and rubber, respectively. [How to Cite: IG Putu Wigena, Husnain, E Susanti, and F Agus. 2015. Characteristics of Tropical Drained Peatlands and CO2 Emission under Several Land Use Types. J Trop Soils 19: 47-57. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.47][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.1.47] 

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide emissions from an <i>Acacia</i> plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8269-8302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jauhiainen ◽  
A. Hooijer ◽  
S. E. Page
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Root Respiration ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plantation Development ◽  
Peat Surface

Abstract. Peat surface CO2 emission, groundwater table depth and peat temperature were monitored for two years along transects in an Acacia plantation on thick tropical peat (>4 m) in Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 2300 emission measurements were taken at 144 locations. The autotrophic root respiration component of the CO2 emission was separated from heterotrophic emissions caused by peat oxidation in three ways: (i) by comparing CO2 emissions within and beyond the tree rooting zone, (ii) by comparing CO2 emissions with and without peat trenching (i.e. cutting any roots remaining in the peat beyond the tree rooting zone), and (iii) by comparing CO2 emissions before and after Acacia tree harvesting. On average, the contribution of root respiration to daytime CO2 emission is 21 % along transects in mature tree stands. At locations 0.5 m from trees this is up to 80 % of the total emissions, but it is negligible at locations more than 1.3 m away. This means that CO2 emission measurements well away from trees are free of any root respiration contribution and thus represent only peat oxidation emission. We find daytime mean annual CO2 emission from peat oxidation alone of 94 t ha−1 yr−1 at a mean water table depth of 0.8 m, and a minimum emission value of 80 t ha−1 yr−1 after correction for the effect of diurnal temperature fluctuations, which resulted in a 14.5 % reduction of the daytime emission. There is a positive correlation between mean long-term water table depths and peat oxidation CO2 emission. However, no such relation is found for instantaneous emission/water table depth within transects and it is clear that factors other than water table depth also affect peat oxidation and total CO2 emissions. The increase in the temperature of the surface peat due to plantation development may explain over 50 % of peat oxidation emissions.

scholarly journals Decreasing the Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Excavator-Based Harvesters with a Machine Control System

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Angelo de Arruda Moura
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Random Variability ◽  
Machine Control

Compared with purpose-built units, excavator-based harvesters offer many advantages, but they also face one main limitation: a much higher fuel consumption, which also results in higher CO2 emission levels. The fuel efficiency of excavator-based harvesters can be increased by a better interface between the excavator and the harvester head. This study aimed to determine the performance of a new adaptation kit, specifically designed to improve the communication between these two components. The new kit offers real-time adjustment between the power demand of the harvester head and the power output of the excavator, which should help reducing fuel consumption while stabilizing hydraulic fluid temperature. The test was conducted on 53 excavator-based harvesters purchased and managed by a large Brazilian company. Time use, fuel consumption and production were monitored continuously for one full month, before and after installation of the kit. Overall, the study covered 40,000 h of work, during which the harvesters cut, processed, and debarked 4.5 million trees, or 650,000 m3 of wood, under bark. Fuel consumption amounted to 900,000 liters. After installing the adaptation kit, productivity increased 6%, while fuel consumption per hour decreased 3.5%. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions per product unit decreased 10%, as an average. The effect of random variability typical of an observational study prevented formulating an accurate figure for the amount of fuel that can be saved by installing the adaptation kit. Yet, one may confidently state that, in most cases, installing the kit results in a reduction of fuel use, and that such reduction is most often in the range from −10 to −20% on a per m3 basis.

scholarly journals POTENSI BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN DIAZOTROF DARI RHIZOSFER KELAPA SAWIT TANAH GAMBUT SAPRIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Ida Nur Istina ◽  
Happy Widiastuti ◽  
Heri Widianto
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Biological Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizers

Utilization of biological fertilizer has the potential to reduce inorganic fertilizer application in oil palm cultivation. The aims of this research to obtain the potential of phosphate (P) solubilizing and diazotrophic bacteria from oil palm rhizosphere towards palm oil seedling growth. This research has been done on Sapric peat soil at Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province from June to November 2014, using a factorial randomized block design (3x5 with 3 replications). The first factor were the potential bacteria isolates (Io = without isolates; I1 = Isolate T5.1 + T7. I2 = Isolate T9.1 + T5); the second factor were NPK fertilizer dosage (p1-100%; p2 = 85%; p3 = 70% fertilizer and p4 = 55% recommended fertilizer). The results showed that sapric peat soil was a potential source of P solubilizing bacteria with the ability to solubilized of P up to 329.94 ppm, and diazotrophic bacteria with the ability of N-fixation up to 0.0293 mmol/L/ hr.  Application of 70% N and P fertilizers and i2 isolate provides the best vegetative growth performance of oil palm seedlings and reduces 30% of inorganic fertilizers application.

scholarly journals Simulasi Model Matematik Dampak Penerapan Kebijakan Mandatori Blending Biodiesel-Solar terhadap Kebutuhan Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dan Tingkat Emisi CO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petir Papilo ◽  
Hartrisari H
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Mandatory Policy ◽  
The Impact

<p>The implementation of the mandatory policy of mixing (blending) between biofuels into the fuel has an impact on the icreasing of biodiesel needs, increasing the oil palm plantation area and environmental impact in the form of CO2 emissions by the year 2025. This study aimed to identify the level of each factor needs as well as the impact on the environment. Through the analysis of the design of mathematical models, it is known that the gradually until 2030 has been an increased need for biofuels amounted 14.79 million KL. In an effort to meet the needs of the necessary biofuel oil palm plantations of 35,2 million hectares and an increase in CO2 emissions of 5,41 Gg t CO2.</p><p>Keywords: Biodiesel, CO2 Emission, Land Area, Mandatory Policy. Biodiesel, CO2 Emission, Land Area, Mandatory Policy</p>

scholarly journals Performance of Corn Cultivars in the Fertilization Function in the Alagoas State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Magna Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Heverly Lima Nascimento ◽  
Luiz Carlos Alves dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Paulo Ferreira Neves ◽  
Ênio Gomes Flôr Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
The One ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Brazil is the third largest corn producer in the world. Despite the country’s position in the maize production ranking, some Brazilian regions have a significantly low maize crop yield, mainly due to lack of management recommendations for it. Thus, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the performance of maize cultivars subjected, or not, to NPK fertilization in Alagoas State hinterland. The experiment was carried out at Federal Institute of Alagoas – Piranhas Campus – from February 2019 to June 2019. It followed a randomized block experimental design at factorial arrangement (5x2), with four repetitions, which totaled 40 experimental plots. The first factor comprised five maize cultivars (BRS Caatingueiro, M274 Morumbi, BRS 2022, Crioula Cateto and AG 1051), whereas the second one encompassed NPK fertilizer application, or not. Fertilization led to the best results in most of the evaluated parameters and to increased grain yield (3,037.7 kg ha-1) in all evaluated cultivars. These outcomes evidenced how the fertilization technique, mainly the one comprising NPK macronutrients, can help increasing yield in maize production systems in Alagoas State hinterland. Among the cultivars evaluated, the hybrid 'AG 1051' was the one that stood out the most, except for the ear insertion height, in all the analyzed variables.

scholarly journals Effect of NPK Fertilization Method on the Physiology and Fruit Products of Myristica fragrans in North Maluku, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Wawan Sulistiono ◽  
Abubakar Ibrahim ◽  
Bayu Suwitono ◽  
Himawan Bayu Aji ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the optimal fertilizing method and NPK fertilizer dosage for plant physiology and nutmeg yield. Study Design: The experimental design was a completely randomized block design (CRBD) in a 4x3 factorial arrangement with three replicates. The first factor was four NPK fertilizer doses: 1, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5kg NPK (15:15:15)/tree/year. The second factor was the manner of fertilizer application: (1) fertilized in spot, (2) fertilized in-furrow trenches trunked and (3) fertilized in hole. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Tobelo North Halmahera (1°44'45.3"-1°44'54.4" N, 127°59'54.4"-127°59'53.2" E), North Maluku, Indonesia from January 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: The nutmeg trees used was 30 years old. The population of trees plants in the study area was 40 trees. Observation parameters on leaves are chlorophyll a, b and total, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), N, P, K, proline content, number of young and old fruits. Results: The fertilization treatment with the fertilizer application method into the crack/hole fertilizer with a dose of 2.5 kg NPK significantly produced high levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,         total chlorophyll of leaves and old fruit. The number of old fruits is positively correlated with chlorophyll a content (0.615*), chlorophyll b (0.663*), total chlorophyll (0.634*) and number of young fruits (0.748 **). The application of fertilizer hole produces plants that recover quickly from drought stress, as evidenced by the highest proline content. Conclusion: NPK fertilization using the hole method and at doses of 2.0-2.5 kg/tree/year are recommended for improving plant physiology and yield.

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