The effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and prevention of primordial follicle loss via activation of mTOR pathway in the rat ovary

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Behram Kandemir ◽  
C. Aydin ◽  
G. Gorgisen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Rat Ovary

TWIST2 inhibits EMT and induces oxidative stress in lung cancer cells by regulating the FGF21-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway

2021 ◽  
pp. 112661
Author(s):  
Yingjian Song ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jiuxu Zhang ◽  
Zhaolei You ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells

scholarly journals Atractylenolide III Attenuates Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease via the Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqing Wang ◽  
Rong Hu ◽  
Yanjing Wang ◽  
Lingyu Liu ◽  
Haiyan You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
C2c12 Myoblast ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Atractylenolide Iii

Oxidative stress contributes to muscle wasting in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Atractylenolide III (ATL-III), the major active constituent of Atractylodes rhizome, has been previously reported to function as an antioxidant. This study is aimed at investigating whether ATL-III has protective effects against CKD-induced muscle wasting by alleviating oxidative stress. The results showed that the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary protein significantly decreased in the ATL-III treatment group compared with the 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) model group but were higher than those in the sham operation group. Skeletal muscle weight was increased, while inflammation was alleviated in the ATL-III administration group compared with the 5/6 Nx model group. ATL-III-treated rats also showed reduced dilation of the mitochondria, increased CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD activity, and decreased levels of MDA both in skeletal muscles and serum compared with 5/6 Nx model rats, suggesting that ATL-III alleviated mitochondrial damage and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thus reducing the production of ROS. Furthermore, accumulated autophagosomes (APs) and autolysosomes (ALs) were reduced in the gastrocnemius (Gastroc) muscles of ATL-III-treated rats under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with the downregulation of LC3-II and upregulation of p62 according to Western blotting. This evidence indicated that ATL-III improved skeletal muscle atrophy and alleviated oxidative stress and autophagy in CKD rats. Furthermore, ATL-III could also increase the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in skeletal muscles in CKD rats. To further reveal the relevant mechanism, the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was assessed, which showed that a reduced expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in C2C12 myoblast atrophy induced by TNF-α could be upregulated by ATL-III; however, after the overexpression of Nox2 to increase ROS production, the attenuated effect was reversed. Our findings indicated that ATL-III is a potentially protective drug against muscle wasting via activation of the oxidative stress-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

RETRACTED: Ameliorative effect of vitamin C on hexavalent chromium-induced delay in sexual maturation and oxidative stress in developing Wistar rat ovary and uterus

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 720-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawahar B Samuel ◽  
Jone A Stanley ◽  
Ganapathy Vengatesh ◽  
Rajendran A Princess ◽  
Sridhar Muthusami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-2 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis Mediated through the Akt-mTOR Pathway in Soleus Muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Merino ◽  
Dinender K. Singla
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Proapoptotic Protein ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Muscle Toxicity

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug known for its dose-dependent and serious adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity and myotoxicity. Dox-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) and muscle toxicity (DIMT) have been studied; however, the mechanisms of Dox-induced apoptosis in soleus muscle are not well defined. Our data shows that with Dox treatment, there is a significant increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis, proapoptotic protein BAX, pPTEN levels, and wnt3a and β-catenin activity (p<0.05). Moreover, Dox treatment also resulted in decreased antioxidant levels, antiapoptotic BCL2, pAKT, p-mTOR, and endogenous levels of sFRP2 in the soleus muscle tissue (p<0.05). Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) treatment attenuated the adverse effects of DIMT and apoptosis in the soleus muscle, evidenced by a decrease in oxidative stress, apoptosis, BAX, pPTEN, and wnt3a and β-catenin activity, as well as an increase in antioxidants, BCL2, pAKT, p-MTOR, and sFRP2 levels (p<0.05). This data suggests that Dox-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis is mediated through both the Akt-mTOR and wnt/β-catenin pathways. Moreover, the data also shows that sFRP2 modulates these two pathways by increasing signaling of Akt-mTOR and decreased signaling of the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, our data suggests that sFRP2 has valuable therapeutic potential in reversing Dox-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in soleus muscle mediated through the Akt-mTOR pathway.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterases in the rat ovary: effect of cAMP in primordial follicles

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonny Studsgaard Petersen ◽  
Martin Stahlhut ◽  
Claus Yding Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Primordial Follicle Activation ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
Follicle Differentiation ◽  
Follicle Activation

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important regulators of the intracellular cAMP concentration, which is a central second messenger that affects a multitude of intracellular functions. In the ovaries, cAMP exerts diverse functions, including regulation of ovulation and it has been suggested that augmented cAMP levels stimulate primordial follicle growth. The present study examined the gene expression, enzyme activity and immunolocalization of the different cAMP hydrolysing PDEs families in the rat ovary. Further, the effect of PDE4 inhibition on primordial follicle activation in cultured neonatal rat ovaries was also evaluated. We found varied expression of all eight families in the ovary with Pde7b and Pde8a having the highest expression each accounting for more than 20% of the total PDE mRNA. PDE4 accounted for 15–26% of the total PDE activity. Immunoreactive PDE11A was found in the oocytes and PDE2A in the corpora lutea. Incubating neonatal rat ovaries with PDE4 inhibitors did not increase primordial follicle activation or change the expression of the developing follicle markers Gdf9, Amh, Inha, the proliferation marker Mki67 or the primordial follicle marker Tmeff2. In addition, the cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cAMP did not increase AKT1 or FOXO3A phosphorylation associated with follicle activation or increase the expression of Kitlg known to be associated with follicle differentiation but did increase the Tmeff2, Mki67 and Inha expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study shows that both Pde7b and Pde8a are highly expressed in the rodent ovary and that PDE4 inhibition does not cause an increase in primordial follicle activation.

scholarly journals ESR2 regulates indian hedgehog signaling in neonatal rat ovary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Dilower ◽  
Veera Raghavulu Praveen Chakravarthi ◽  
Eun B Lee ◽  
Subhra Ghosh ◽  
Shaon Borosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Indian Hedgehog ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Primordial Follicle Activation ◽  
Rat Ovary

The transcriptional regulatory function of estrogen receptor β (ESR2) is essential for the regulation of primordial follicle activation (PFA). Increased PFA due to the loss of ESR2 becomes evident as early as postnatal day 8 (PND8). To identify the ESR2-regulated genes that control PFA, we performed RNA-seq analyses of wildtype, and Esr2 knockout (Esr2KO) neonatal rat ovaries collected on PND4, PND6, and PND8. Among the differentially expressed genes in Esr2KO ovaries, indian hedgehog (Ihh) displayed the highest downregulation among the ovary enriched genes. IHH regulated genes including Hhip as well as the steroidogenic enzymes were also downregulated in Esr2KO rat ovaries. Remarkably, the expression of Ihh in Esr2KO ovaries was not upregulated despite the high levels of Gdf9 and Bmp15, which are known regulators of Ihh expression in granulosa cells. Our findings suggest that indian hedgehog signaling in the neonatal rat ovary is dependent on ESR2.

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