Islam and Hated Intolerance

Islam does not allow the nervousness and the mutual contempt and hatred that follows it between the tribes, peoples and nations, but rather, on the contrary, heralds the friendship and brotherhood among Muslims, tolerance of religions and dialogue between the human beings. Islam has achieved the compatibility and harmony between a large numbers of people of different races and lineages. So Islam liberated the individual from the narrow tribal framework in a wider and welcoming society that included the tribe members as well as the members of other tribes. When Islam included the tribes in a society, its concern was to fight nerve tendencies and the tribal spirit. It made the original principles not to differentiate between the people on the basis of genealogy or the races or the colors, because the differentiation in Islam is based on the faith, piety and goodness. In this article, we dealt with the definition of nervousness in terms of language and convention, a historical background of the intolerance and its origin, signs of intolerance, causes of intolerance, types of intolerance: Intellectual intolerance, doctrinal intolerance, gradient or class intolerance, intolerance to sanctify the inherited past, partisan intolerance, and tribal intolerance. Tribal intolerance is from the pre-Islamic biography, then we dealt with the issue of treating hateful intolerance mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and the noble Prophet’s Sunnah. At the end of the article, we mentioned a number of results for this research.

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Common feline problem behaviors: Aggression in multi-cat households

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x19831204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 221-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniela Ramos

Keyword(s):

Problem Behaviors ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Practical Relevance ◽

Care Needs ◽

Clinical Behavior ◽

The People ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior

Practical relevance: Being able to understand and intervene in cases of cat–cat aggression in multi-cat households is important for all veterinarians and behavior counsellors dealing with feline behavior cases. Clincal challenges: Feline conflicts are common, perhaps not helped by many owners’ assumption that this is the norm. Interventions can be complex in multi-cat households with large numbers of cats as there are more interactions to evaluate and monitor, and care needs to be taken not to negatively affect the other cats. There may be limitations due to the environment or the people involved and so behavior guidelines should always be tailored to the individual situation. Aims: This article reviews the main forms of aggression in multi-cat households and the appropriate behavioral interventions, considering both the typical scenarios and emotions/motivations most likely involved. It details essential environmental management for multi-cat homes, as well as an approach to friendly cat introductions. Audience: This article is aimed at veterinarians dealing with feline behavior cases as well as behavior counsellors, as both professionals are likely to experience cases of aggression in multi-cat households. Evidence base: The author draws on the published literature where available and, where there is a lack of research, on hypotheses derived from her own clinical behavior experience.

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Symbolic Ethnicity and the Dilemmas of Difference: Talking Indianness with New Zealand-Born Gujaratis

10.26686/wgtn.16922845.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Amanda Gilbertson

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

New Zealand ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Personal Choice ◽

Indian Culture ◽

Liquid Modernity ◽

The People ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual ◽

Local Discourses

<p>Marcus Banks (1996: 8) argues that the life of ethnicity has been lived out through the writings of academics rather than in the lives of the people they have studied and, indeed, local discourses of ethnicity are remarkably understudied. This thesis takes a step towards addressing the lack of attention given to local discourses of ethnicity by exploring the ways in which sixteen New Zealand-born Gujaratis talked about their Indianness in interviews conducted specifically for this project. Herbert Gans’ (1979) notion of symbolic ethnicity is initially employed as a framework for understanding participants’ narratives. Although this analysis gives an indication of the salience of ethnicity in the lives of my participants, it fails to account for the complex dilemmas of difference they expressed – the definition of ‘Indian culture’ in terms of difference from other ‘cultures’ and the suggestion that they were different from other New Zealanders by virtue of their Indianness. These issues are explained through an exploration of the assumptions about the cultural and the person that were inherent in notions expressed by participants of living in ‘two worlds’ and having to find a balance between them. This analysis suggests that participants constructed both ‘culture’ and ‘the individual’ as highly individuated categories. It is argued that these conceptualizations of ‘culture’ and ‘the individual’ can be usefully understood in terms of reflexive, or liquid, modernity and reflexive individualism. Under the conditions of late modernity, reflexive – that is, selfdirected and self-oriented – thought and activity become idealised and individuals are ideologically cast as the producers of their own biographies. My participants’ discussions of their Indianness can, therefore, be understood to represent a kind of ‘self-reflexive ethnicity’ that is centred on the person rather than on social networks or cultural practices. This mode of ethnicity does not necessarily require the decline of such networks and practices; they are simply reconfigured in terms of personal choice.</p>

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Grundtvig til undervisningsbrug

Grundtvig-Studier ◽

10.7146/grs.v26i1.15503 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 217-219

Author(s):

William Michelsen

Keyword(s):

Living Organism ◽

Human Being ◽

The People ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual ◽

Individual Human

Grundtvig for teaching purposes.N. F. S. Grundtvig: Tre Danne-Virke-artikler. Aarhus 1972. Studieserien, published by the Danish Teachers’ Association: Grundtvig og det folkelige (by Marianne Ju h l Christiansen and Lise Ettrup), Organisme tanken (by Aage Henriksen) and Tværsnit 1870 (by Peter Søby Kristensen). Copenhagen 1972 and 1973. Reviewed by W illiam Michelsen. These booklets show that it is not only Grundtvig’s best-known hymns and poems which are used for teaching purposes, but also the prose he wrote as a critic and a speaker. In the booklet about Grundtvig and the people, there is furthermore a definition of the idea of »det folkelige« (what pertains to the people), which accords with Grundtvig’s own ideas and which is supported by the texts that follow, which also include his imitators and critics.There is no doubt at all that Grundtvig regarded the people - the individual nation - as a living organism developing in a comparable manner to the individual human being. In this respect he was a romantic and can - in a way – be counted among the thinkers who suscribed to the »organism idea«, as Aage Henriksen expresses it. But when this idea is traced back to Spinoza and carried forward to Hegel, Marx and Freud, one must nevertheless protest against Grundtvig - along with Henrich Steffens and Paul Diderichsen - being the only Danish representative, from whose works a passage is quoted (from October 1810 – see Grundtvig-Studier 1956). He was in reality (from December 1810) an opponent of the whole of this school of thought, apart from in his acceptance of the idea of the people as an organism.

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The Slave1

Derrida and Other Animals ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9780748680979.003.0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Judith Still

Keyword(s):

Domestic Animals ◽

American Identity ◽

Human Beings ◽

Robinson Crusoe ◽

The People ◽

Modern Slavery ◽

Set Up ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

American Farmer

This chapter takes off from Derrida’s examination of the relationship between the sovereign and the people in Early Modern political philosophy, notably Rousseau’s Social Contract and Rousseau’s interlocutors (Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes); and from Derrida’s analysis of servitude or slavery in Robinson Crusoe. It sets this in the context of other Enlightenment writings on slavery and abolition (e.g. returning to the Encyclopédie), and to representations of slavery in the Americas more generally, including the English and French versions of the Letters from an American Farmer by the founding father of American identity, Crèvecoeur. Like the savage, the slave exists on the borderline between what is set up as the human and what is set up as the animal. Supporters of slavery put forward the hypothesis of natural slaves who are (like) animals; abolitionists, including former slaves, focus on the bestialisation of human beings who are forced to be property as domestic animals are. Debates over the precise definition of a slave, and over the distinction between figural and literal slaves, also have a purchase on modern slavery and the difficulty of drafting legislation.

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Assembly Sites in Scandinavia: Activities and Rituals of the Community

Viking Law and Order ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474402293.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Sanmark

Keyword(s):

Social Cohesion ◽

Large Scale ◽

Group Interaction ◽

Collective Memories ◽

Community Activities ◽

The People ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Individual ◽

Shared Ownership

Chapter 5 shifts the focus to the rituals and activities of the wider community in Scandinavia. At thing sites a wide range of community activities and rituals, which most likely and created collective memories and strengthened social cohesion, were enacted. Many of these activities may have been designed by the elite, but equally the idea of assemblies as communal spaces may have been collectively driven. The archaeological signature of meeting-places and assembly-sites suggests associations with feasting and eating on a large-scale, and architectural layouts that emphasised the collective over the individual and facilitated group interaction and cohesion. The construction, enlargement and maintenance of monuments and other features required the participation of large numbers of people. By joining in this work the population gained shared ownership of the sites. This was further enhanced by communal activities during the meetings, which also involved games and sports, as well as trade. Assemblies therefore formed arenas of interplay between the top-elite and the wider population; kings were elected and ruled through the assembly, while at the same time continuously dependent on the endorsement of the people.

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The Philosophy and Ideals of Islamic Education

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1553 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mujadad Zaman

Keyword(s):

Islamic Education ◽

Human Beings ◽

Islamic History ◽

Moral Exemplar ◽

Wide Range ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Self Actualization ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual ◽

Individual Self

The philosophy of Islamic education covers a wide range of ideas and practices drawn from Islamic scripture, metaphysics, philosophy, and common piety, all of which accumulate to inform discourses of learning, pedagogy, and ethics. This provides a definition of Islamic education and yet also of Islam more generally. In other words, since metaphysics and ontology are related to questions of learning and pedagogy, a compendious and indigenous definition of “education” offers an insight into a wider spectrum of Islamic thought, culture, and weltanschauung. As such, there is no singular historical or contemporary philosophy of Islamic education which avails all of this complexity but rather there exists a number of ideas and practices which inform how education plays a role in the embodiment of knowledge and the self-actualization of the individual self to ultimately come to know God. Such an exposition may come to stand as a superordinate vision of learning framing Islamic educational ideals. Questions of how these ideas are made manifest and practiced are partly answered through scripture as well as the historical, and continuing, importance of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam; as paragon and moral exemplar in Islamic thought. Having said “I was sent as a teacher,” his life and manner (sunnah) offer a wide-ranging source of pedagogic and intellectual value for his community (ummah) who have regarded the emulation of his character as among the highest of human virtues. In this theocentric cosmology a tripart conception of education emerges, beginning with the sacred nature of knowledge (ʿilm), the imperative for its coupling with action (ʿamal), in reference to the Prophet, and finally, these foundations supporting the flourishing of an etiquette and comportment (adab) defined by an equanimous state of being and wisdom (ḥikma). In this sense, the reason for there being not one identifiable philosophy of Islamic education, whether premodern or in the modern context, is due to the concatenations of thoughts and practices gravitating around superordinate, metaphysical ideals. The absence of a historical discipline, named “philosophy of education” in Islamic history, infers that education, learning, and the nurturing of young minds is an enterprise anchored by a cosmology which serves the common dominators of divine laudation and piety. Education, therefore, whether evolving from within formal institutional arenas (madrasas) or the setting of the craft guilds (futuwwa), help to enunciate a communality and consilience of how human beings may come to know themselves, their world, and ultimately God.

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فلاحی ریاست میں عہدہ داروں کے چناؤکا معیار

Al-Idah | Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Peshawar ◽

10.37556/al-idah.038.01.0624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (- 1) ◽

Author(s):

Abzahir Khan ◽

Muhammad Ayub

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

The State ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

Human Beings ◽

Collective Rights ◽

Multicultural Counseling Competencies

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v15i4.2146 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 130-133

Author(s):

R. Sarah Shoaee

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Multicultural Counseling ◽

Historical Background ◽

Counseling Competencies ◽

Multicultural Counseling Competencies ◽

The Subject ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact

In this thought-provoking and insightful book, ten psychologists, coW1selors,and educators have provided a ground-breaking study on multicultural counseling,a subject still fairly new to the field. Based on the work of Division 17open meeting of the Committee of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity, 1982, theauthors present guidelines for identifying monoculturalism and multiculturalism,proposing methods for achieving change at the individual, organizational,and professional levels.The authors argue that European-American traditions and research oftenfocus on the impact of intrapsychic factors on human development, ignoringinfluences of culture. They further argue that psychologists, who are aware ofand sensitive to other worldviews, should not only emphasize the knowledgeof such worldviews but should also incorporate them into the psychotherapeuticprocess. Multicultural Counseling Competencies is a timely book that couldbe used as a guide for mental health professionals.Chapter 1 of the book presents a definition of "multiculturalism" and a workingguideline upon which mental health professionals should base their knowledge,skills, and practice. Chapter 2 deals with "ethnocentric monoculturalism,"providing historical background on the emergence and development of aEuro-American worldview and highlighting how mental health professionalssubscribe to such a worldview without questioning its validity and applicabilityin a multicultural society.The profession's response to multiculturalism is the subject of the third chapter.This chapter identifies the "Seven Deadly Resistances" that are often ...

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MUSEUMS – VIEW FROM THE INSIDE

Muzealnictwo ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.2669 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Piotr Kosiewski

Keyword(s):

The People ◽

Museum Professionals ◽

Ethnographic Museums ◽

National Museums ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual ◽

University Museum ◽

Maritime Museum ◽

Individual Role

The publication Museums, exhibits, museum professionals complements our knowledge of how museums functioned in the Communist period and their situation after 1989. The book includes discussions or memoirs by eleven people vital to Polish museology, who were connected with National Museums (in Cracow, Poznań and Wrocław), museum-residences (the Wawel Museum, the Royal Castle in Warsaw), specialised museums (the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk, the Museum of Literature in Warsaw, the Jagiellonian University Museum), ethnographic museums (in Cracow and Toruń) and the Tatra Museum, which is an example of an important regional museum in Poland. Among the people are Zofia Gołubiew, Mariusz Hermansdofer, Jerzy Litwin, Janusz Odrowąż-Pieniążek, Jan Ostrowski, Andrzej Rottermund and Stanisław Waltoś. The book presents the image of Polish museology in a scattershot but interesting way. It also mentions more detailed aspects, such as how particular museums were founded or developed in the Communist period, and the individual role of museum professionals in founding and developing the establishments they managed. However, the most attention is paid to issues regarding the state of museums after 1989. The most important of these include the contemporary functions and tasks of those establishments and the challenges they will face in the future, and the role of a musealium and its place in a contemporary museum. The observations regarding internal changes in museum institutions, in the “master-disciple” relation in the past and today, the appearance of new specialities, and the change of their status and role in institutions (for example, of people responsible for education) are also noteworthy. Another significant thread is the discussion on the definition of a “museum professional” and which museum employees may use this title.

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QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT BASED ON ECONOMIC WELLBEING PERSPECTIVE: A CASE STUDY OF JOHOR BAHRU AND PETALING, SELANGOR

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pm.v17i10.655 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Mohamed Osman ◽

Nur Farhanah Rosli ◽

Noor Suzilawati Rabe

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Living Condition ◽

Life Assessment ◽

The People ◽

Educational Satisfaction ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual

The definition of quality of life is varied. Different individuals may perceive the quality of life in a different form of other individuals. Over more than four decades, Malaysia has made remarkable achievements regarding its economic growth as well as its socio-economic development. Numerous factors have been identified that may influence the quality of life of the people according to their personal preferences. This article assessed the perception of 100 respondent's lives in two major cities in Malaysia namely Johor Bharu and Petaling. These cities are also the major district in Johor Darul Takzim and Selangor Darul Ehsan. These study also would be focusing on the economic well-being of the individual. The economic individual is economic capacity, transportation, living condition and educational satisfaction.

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