scholarly journals PRO INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY FORESTRY POLICY: A SOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Alfred Antoh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Forestry Policy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
Forest Tenure ◽  
Almost All

  The Papuan people have always lived and interacted with the forest. The forest is a place to live where almost all of their needs are taken from the forest. Today's forest management has far-reaching impacts on increasingly marginalized communities. The purpose of this paper is to present thoughts on a community-friendly forest management model by taking into account the advantages and disadvantages when forests are managed by communities to improve their welfare. This paper generates an idea about the importance of collaborative management to increase the role of the community as a solution. Taking into account the communal nature of the forest tenure system in Papua, it is necessary to take strategic steps to protect forest resources in a targeted manner.

scholarly journals REDD+ and Community Forestry in Nepal: Strengthening or Paralysing Decentralised Governance?

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Khatri ◽  
Gyanu Maskey ◽  
Bikash Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Forestry Policy

At a time when community forestry has become a prominent mode of forest governance in many developing countries, REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest degradation) has emerged as a new conservation policy to contribute to climate change mitigation by incentivising such countries to conserve forest. While the proponents of REDD+ claim that it can help to strengthen decentralised forest governance through an increased flow of resources of fund and knowledge, the critics evince that there are negative consequences of REDD+ implementation to the decentralisation process, local control, and access to forests. Drawing on the ongoing engagement of the authors in the national REDD+ policy process and an ethnographic study of the REDD+ initiatives in Nepal, this paper demonstrates that REDD+ might paralyze Nepal’s long-standing community forestry policy rather than strengthening it. Findings show the instrumental use of participation in REDD+ policy development and limited representation of local voices in the policy processes. The piloting project implemented on community forestry suggest that REDD+, if implemented at full scale, can put new demand(s) to the long-standing community forestry policy and practices resulting in threatening of local uses of forests by smallholders. The implementation of REDD+ is likely to reshape community forest management practices driven from the priority of generating revenue which in turn undermines the need to manage forests to meet diverse needs of the smallholders. This analysis indicates the need for paying greater attention to represent local voices in developing national policies and programs, and align REDD+ objectives to the core principles of community forest management, local access, and control of forests.

The Contested Role of Management Plans in Improving Forest Conditions in Nepal's Community Forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baral ◽  
H. Meilby ◽  
B.B. Khanal Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Community Forest User Groups ◽  
Forest Legislation ◽  
Forest Conditions

Nepal's forest legislation requires community forest user groups to prepare inventory based management plans. Several studies have observed positive changes in forest cover after the establishment of community forestry; however, the role of management plans in bringing about such change is less examined. Based on a case study of nine community forests in the mid-hills of Nepal, this paper discusses the role of plans in changing the forest conditions. The study assessed changes in forest conditions, observed forest management activities, conducted household surveys, and interviewed forest bureaucrats. Image analysis showed improvement in forest conditions after the introduction of inventory based planning; however, improvements cannot be attributed to the plans, as the prescriptions in these were not used in practice. Instead, it emerged that a culture emphasizing forest conservation, changes in demography and increased remittance incomes together with increasing bureaucratic requirements contributed to the improved forest conditions. The role of the plan remains contested since it largely serves as a basis for controlling communities and, hence, preparation of such plans appears as an empty ritual with little connection with actual forest management.

scholarly journals Attempts of Recentralization of Nepal’s Community Forestry

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Srijana Baral
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Bureaucratic Power ◽  
Community Forest User Groups ◽  
Forest Users

Nepal’s community forestry is regarded as a milestone in decentralized forest management, several researchers agree on the livelihoods and environmental outcomes from the community forest, however, the outcomes in governance perspective is rarely questioned. Through the review of the literature, policy documents and decrees, and questionnaire survey in nine community forest user groups in western hills of Nepal; we demonstrate how recentralization is taking place in community forestry in lieu of decentralized policies and discuss their implications on limiting the role of local forest users in forest management. Recentralization through the lens of inventory requirements has been observed in community forestry through (i) the formulation of strategies and policies favorable to increase the role of forest bureaucrats in community forestry (ii) changing the use of technical knowledge patterns and requirements and (iii) increased bureaucratic power. The increased technical knowledge in the form of inventory based forest management planning is found to be the major step in curtailing the devolved rights and increasing the bureaucratic power. Formulation of strategies, guidelines, circulars and policy intervention create a favorable environment for the bureaucrats to exercise more power compared to the autonomy provided by Forest Act 1993. The highly influential upward accountability in community forestry thus questions the modality of decentralized forest management in Nepalese community forestry.

scholarly journals Forest policy goals in Poland in light of the current forestry aims in Europe Part 2. Forest policy priorities in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Adam Kaliszewski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Council Of Ministers

Abstract The aim of the paper was to evaluate the priorities set for policy-making in forestry formulated under the Forest Europe process and in programmes, policies, strategies and legal acts of the European Union after 1997, which is also the year when the Polish ‘National Forest Policy’ was adopted by the Council of Ministers. During the last two decades, rapid policy development has been occurring Europe-wide. Forest policy goals defined within the Forest Europe process have also been reflected in EU’s strategic documents and legal acts and both processes are complementary as well as influencing each other. Forest policy priorities after 1997 cover all three major aspects of sustainable forest management (SFM): ecological, economic and social. However, the main emphasis has been put on economic and social aspects of SFM. The key priorities defined in numerous Forest Europe and EU documents are the following: enhancing the role of forests and forest management in mitigating climate change including the promotion of production and wide use of wood; adapting forests to climate change and changing environmental conditions; conserving, protecting and enhancing forest biodiversity; enhancing the role of forests and forest management in rural development; fostering coordination and cross-sectoral cooperation within forestry. The need for enhancing forest research has been pointed out in almost all analysed Forest Europe commitments as well as in numerous EU documents.

Moving toward consensus-based forest management: A comparison of industrial, co-managed, community and small private forests in Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Beckley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Tenure

Research on forest management in North America has traditionally focussed on large, industrial forest tenures (involving both public and private land), or small, private woodlot management. Recent discussion and experiments in Canada involve new institutions for forest management. These alternative forest management systems — namely, co-managed forests and community forests — are compared to traditional forest management along several dimensions, including: locus of decision-making, nature of decision-making, scope of decision-making, tenure structure, scale, and knowledge base. There exists a gap between abstract discussions and practical applications of these models. Prospects for the continued development of these alternative management systems are evaluated. Key words: co-management, community forestry, decision making, forest tenure, forest management objectives

Has the time come to rethink Canada's Crown forest tenure systems?

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haley ◽  
Harry Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
Forest Tenure ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Crown Forest

Two important questions are addressed: has the time come to rethink Canada's forest tenure systems; and, if so, what directions might these reforms take? The evolution of Canada's Crown forest tenure systems are described and their role as instruments of public policy are discussed in the context of changing demands on, and attitudes towards, forest resources. The desirable features of a tenure system designed to pursue sustainable forest management (SFM) are presented and current provincial Crown forest tenure arrangements are critically examined in the light of these criteria. A range of alternative approaches to tenure reform are suggested but no definitive recommendations are made. Key words: public forest policy; forest tenure reform, sustainable forest management

scholarly journals Livelihoods and Forestry Program, Myagdi contribution to poverty reduction

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Acharya ◽  
S Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Forestry Products ◽  
Local Materials

Nepal is promoting community-based forest management approach known as Community Forestry (CF) as a promising option to reduce environmental degradation and to fulfill the demands of basic forestry products of rural people. There are emerging concerns that whether community forestry can be used effectively to generate income and employment to help improve the livelihoods of the poor. The paper is based on furniture and agricultural implements production enterprises from Parbat and Myagdi districts of western mid hills of Nepal. The furniture enterprise has earned USD 10,000 and the agricultural implement enterprise has earned USD 2000 during the past two years. The paper presents the process and approaches, production and market characteristics, present status and future prospects, role of development agencies and service providers, socio-economic impacts, lesson learned and policy implications from these case studies. The paper discusses that forest management should not be considered in isolation but should be linked with existing livelihoods opportunities and farming systems promoting the use of local materials and focused to provide employment to poor and vulnerable group. Key words: community forestry, enterprises, wood, poverty, Nepal Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.3-10

scholarly journals Analisis Peran Koperasi dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat di Kebumen

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
Elok Budiningsih ◽  
Harjanto Harjanto ◽  
Yulius Hero
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Processing Subsystem

Community forests are a viable alternative for timber suppliers. Community forestry institutions are required to ensure its sustainability. Cooperatives become one of the appropriate alternatives in accordance with the institution at the site level in community forest development. One of the peasant organizations that manages the human resources in the form of cooperatives is a Taman Wijaya Rasa Cooperative (Kostajasa) located in Kebumen. This study aims to analyze the role of Kostajasa in community forest management. The descriptive analysis used in describing the role of Kostajasa in community forest management supporting three community forest subsystems, namely production, processing  and marketing subsystem. Kostajasa has played a good role in all three subsystems. In the production subsystem, there are still less roles in the determination of timber products to be managed, and setting the felling regulation. In the processing subsystem Kostajasa have already play a good role to connect several industries to receive raw materials from farmers’ timber and maintain the demand continuity for raw materials so that farmers’ timber is absorbed. In the marketing subsystem, Kostajasa also play a good role among others, shorten the marketing chain of wood products from community forest and offering a better price outside Kostajasa.

Michael Kelly, Hilary Footitt, Myriam Salama-Carr (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Zvada
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Almost All

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

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