Differences between Digital and Physical Cash Availability across Digital Supply Chains: A Case Study about Brazilian Banking Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Zomkowski Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Virtual Enterprises ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Second Tier

Purpose: This research work differentiates digital and physical cash availability based in the hypothesis that digital money is created using further virtual enterprises efficiency while physical cash, even utilizing digital supply chains, depends fundamentally of material management efficiency. This research was also considering that banks were one segment which very developed virtual integrations due to their peculiarities (high value transportation, storage, and etc.). Design Methodology: They are three different case studies. The first one about BB (Banco do Brasil), Itau, and Bradesco (the three biggest commercial banks) operations in Brazil for availability of Physical money, using official data kept by Central Bank of Brazil, IBGE, and those three above cited Banks. The digital money availability was another case study investigating the whole payment system of Brazil using POS, card, credit, debit information provided by BCB. The third case study was designed for investigating practices of digital supply chains through further usages in BB, Bradesco, and Itau. However, during the research, the original plan got no enough results, turning the last case investigation more about the same whole payment system, informing the clouding computing, the interoperability, and the reduction of physical demands like introductory results. Finding: This dissertation were able of mapping graphically how the physical money is spread across banking operations into the Brazilian territory, better saying, it shows Brazilian Bank - the total sum of Branches of BB , Bradesco and Itaú - concentrations in each municipality, and the availability of M0-Branches Reserves of those same banks across those same municipalities. The Digital money applications pointed the debit, credit, online transferring, STR, TED, DOC, intrabank operations as very used examples of digital money. Visa and Master card are the two main banner card used in Brazil, but this country has challenges of internet and mobile usages for accomplishing its ambitious project of further integration and instantaneous electronic Payments (PIX). Practical Implications: The Digital money today’s availability is not instantaneous (up to 2 workdays), it is expensive (up to R$20.00 each transaction) and not able 24 hours per day, all week (only workdays). The physical money is also compounded by hidden costs of storage, packaging, transportation and purchase, making Central Bank of Brazil spend more than R$700.00 million each year. The second tier, from BCB to Commercial Banks, has also potential of being expensive, once transportation, physical installations, third party services, surveillance, and transport represent the majority of those operational costs and should be also applied to commercial banks physical distribution

Addressing sustainability information needs along supply chains

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Manuela Akhavan ◽  
Dimitar Zvezdov
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Purpose Gaining a better understanding of various actors’ information demands and developing suitable approaches to fulfilling them is key in managing sustainability performance in supply chains. Sustainability thereby creates different levels of uncertainty and equivocality. This paper investigates the challenges in managing sustainability information flows along several nodes in the supply chain. Design/methodology/approach A multiple case study approach explores the various sustainability information needs along different nodes of supply chains. For this, three automotive triads are investigated, each comprising an original equipment manufacturer, a first-tier supplier and a second-tier supplier. Findings The results reveal that fulfilling information demands presents a substantial challenge to each of the three actors, albeit a different one in each case: whereas focal companies seek to figure out what information may be relevant to sustainability performance, their direct suppliers struggle to develop suitable approaches for enabling second-tier suppliers to generate and provide such information. Practical implications Depending on the level of uncertainty and equivocality, companies are supported in approaching sustainability information needs by applying individual or collective processing mechanisms. Decisions on such mechanisms and organisational structure can help to allocate resources according to the degree of challenges to achieve a fit between information needs and mechanisms. Social implications Reducing uncertainty and equivocality related to sustainability information provides a powerful approach to improving the sustainability performance along supply chains. Originality/value Having identified sustainability information challenges, the paper analyses and develops a typology of potentially useful approaches.

scholarly journals Challenges to corporate governance practices: Case study of Libyan commercial banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Iswaissi ◽  
Kazem Falahati
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Governance Practices

The purpose of this study is to investigate corporate governance (CG) practices in Libyan Commercial Banks (LCBs) in order to find out any essential challenges that are associated with the process of adopting CG in the LCBs which became mandatory implementation in late 2010 in Libya. This study adopts a qualitative approach by conducting semi-structured interviews to collect the required data within the framework of stakeholder and new institutional theories of CG. Five LCBs are selected as units of case studies, as well as Central Bank of Libya (CBL). The results of the findings reveal that the implementation of CG code 2010 at LCBs is still in the early stages. The weakness of supervision and absence of training, as well as a lack of knowledge and political instability; are the main challenges to LCBs in complying with good CG practices and overcoming the problems of the political economics of CG. The outcome of this study will contribute to research knowledge on CG, especially in Libyan banks, by using stakeholder and new institutional theories as a theoretical framework.

scholarly journals Challenges in extending sustainability across a transport supply chain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Forslund ◽  
Maria Björklund ◽  
Veronica Svensson Ülgen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Information Asymmetries ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transport Supply

Purpose Sustainability approaches across product supply chains are well-known, while similar knowledge on transport supply chains (TSC) is limited. The purpose of this paper is to explore sustainability approaches and managerial challenges in extending sustainability across a TSC. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a case study of a TSC with a shipper, a third-party logistics firm and a hauler. Each actor’s views on sustainability-related communication and relations with other TSC actors are analyzed through the lens of agency theory. Findings Each dyad in the TSC reveals different, more or less collaboration-based approaches. Challenges are revealed, including the lack of shipper understanding for the TSC context and the use of immature contracts, which disincentivizes sustainability compliance. The multi-tier study object reveals the silencing of distant actors and the need for actors to take on mediating roles to bridge information asymmetries. Research limitations/implications Combining literature perspectives (relations, communication and agency theory) provides a deeper understanding of the approaches applied and identifies different challenges. The inclusion of agency theory reveals principal problems such as information asymmetries between agents and less-informed principals and suggests complementary labels of supply chain actors. Practical implications Practical contributions include the highlighting of managerial challenges, which can aid managers in extending sustainability across TCSs. Social implications The case study method offers insights into collaboratively improving sustainability in supply chains (such as using contracts), thus having social and environmental implications. Originality/value The paper narrows knowledge gaps about managing sustainability among logistics service providers and analyzes data from multi-tier actors.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH DANA PIHAK KETIGA, TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA, DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN TERHADAP PENYALURAN KREDIT UMKM PADA BANK UMUM DI INDONESIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Gaby Firdha Aldila
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Sme Lending

His study is a case study on commercial banks in Indonesia with the title of Analisis Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga, Tingkat Suku Bunga, dan Non Performing Loan Terhadap Penyaluran Kredit UMKM Pada Bank Umum di Indonesia tahun 2007:1 – 2010:12. Based on the results showed that during the study period is partially funding a third party, the interest rate, and non-performing loans have a significant effect on SME lending. While simultaneously obtained that third party funds, interest rate, and non-performing loans have a significant effect on SME lending. The magnitude of these effects is 0.988 or 98.8%. While the remaining 1.2% is affected by other factors outside of the study, or outside the regression equation

scholarly journals Indicators to Assess Financial Security of the Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4465-4468 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Single Approach ◽  
Foreign Scientist

Ensuring liquidity and sustainability of commercial banks enables to satisfy the needs for loans extended to individuals and legal entities, as well as to provide continuity of the payments in the economy. In turn, banking liquidity and ensuring solvency are considered to be a crucial precondition for ensuring their financial security. As far as we know in the world practice there is no single approach to the financial security of banks and the system of assessment indicators. Statistic data used in various countries required to the calculation of assessment indicators vary in different countries. This, in turn, does enable to entirely assess the financial security of banks. Methodology of the study was based on modern foreign scientist`s research works. In the article was used indicators coefficients and the data provided from the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this regard this article is devoted to the research of scientific-theoretical aspect of financial security. In addition, the article specifies the indicators used to assess financial security of commercial banks. The research has been conducted on the case-study of joint-stock commercial bank “Asaka” operating in our republic. Moreover, the article presents assessment of the financial security of “Asaka” JSCB, as well as determines the problems associated with ensuring financial security. In addition, the article contains scientific proposals aimed at eliminating the problems specified above. In terms of the method available, the indicators used for assessing financial security are fit for the enterprises, however, such indicators haven’t been developed for banks. In the method proposed in this article, the indicators used for assessing financial security have been structured in terms of the peculiarities of commercial banks operating in the republic.

scholarly journals The Role of Monetary Policy in Activating the Bank Credit Channel: Iraq Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4990-5009
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammed Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Credit Channel

The main objective of the research is to find out how monetary policy has influenced the support and promotion of bank credit to promote the economy by creating jobs and addressing unemployment, where the central bank after2003 played a leading and active role in supporting commercial banks and promoting bank credit ‘One of the central bank's important objectives is to stabilize the overall level of prices set out in law No 56 For the year ( ( 2004 Article (3) The Central Bank of Iraq has used the policy of stability in the exchange rate of the dinar as a key tool in stabilizing prices in Iraq through the window of selling foreign currency.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL) dan Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR) terhadap Penyaluran Kredit Perbankan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Mesrawati Mesrawati ◽  
Widya Hitajulu ◽  
Salsabila Siregar ◽  
Venny Venny ◽  
Sri Rejeki Panggabean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Commercial banks have the main activity in raising funds and channeling funds to the public. The biggest source of funds from commercial banks is the activity of channeling credit to the public. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze DPK, CAR, NPL and LDR on bank credit distribution (Case Study at Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2014-2018). Quantitative research approaches are used by being a cause and effect relationship between independent and dependent variables. Documentation becomes a data collection technique. The population in this study were 45 commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The research sample is 27 commercial bank companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2018 period with a sample of 135 observations. Multiple linear regression became the model of this study. The results of this study are DPK, CAR, NPL and LDR partially and simultaneously and significantly on bank loans (Case study on commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2018). Keywords : third party fund, capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan and loan to deposit ratio, credit distribution

The Impact of Deregulation of the Economy on Nigerian Commercial Banks; A Case Study of Some Selected Commercial Banks in Ilesa, Osun State

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Philips ABOGAN ◽  
Egbewole OLAJIDE ◽  
Olusola OLOBA
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
The Impact

The study looks at the impact of deregulation of the economy on Nigerian commercial banks; A case study of some selected commercial banks in Ilesa, Osun State. The economy policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy price distortions created by a highly over-valued currency and inappropriate pricing of agricultural and other local products. The control measure introduced prior to deregulation of the economy were unable to improve the economy positively. Instead, that period was characterized by short-supply of industrial inputs, plant closure, large retrenchment of workers, and shortage of goods and price inflation coupled with unfavourable balance of payment. Data were gathered from some selected commercial banks in Ilesa, Osun State Nigeria through issuing of questionnaires and from some secondary sources such as CBN statistical bulletin, Publications and other relevant materials. The major deregulation policies were deregulation of interest rates structure, introduction of second tier foreign exchange market. Since the Federal Government is contemplating deregulation as the only paramount solution to distorted economic structure. The study therefore recommends that banking industry [commercial banks] needs to reposition itself to take full advantage of the gains which might arise from such deregulation. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize themselves with the challenges of a deregulated economy.

Transformation of the national payment system within the framework of the diffusion of blockchain technology – An assessment of economic externalities: The Russian Federation case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496-1512
Author(s):  
Marat R. SAFIULLIN ◽  
Leonid A. EL'SHIN ◽  
Aliya A. ABDUKAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. The article investigates the national payment system and its transformation as part of the transition to cryptotransactions, using the digital money. Objectives. The aim is to determine how blockchain technologies can affect the economy of the Russian Federation. Methods. The study employs the method of scientific analysis. Results. We reveal the potential of economic growth of the Russian economy, associated with blockchain technologies. Conclusions. The paper presents economic and social effects of the introduction of blockchain technologies on their penetration into the payment system.

Cyber crimes in the banking sector: Case study of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Thanh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Pham Ngoc Mai ◽  
Ngo Ha Phuong ◽  
Vu Khanh Huyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cyber Crimes

The technological revolution 4.0 brings great opportunities, but also cybercrimes to economic sectors, especially to banks. Using secondary data and survey results of 305 bank clients, the main findings of this paper are: (i) there are several types of cybercrimes in the banking sector; (ii) Vietnam is one of the top countries worldwide having hackers and being attacked by hackers, especially the banking sector. Three most common attacks are skimming, hacking and phishing. Number of cybercrime attacks in Vietnam are increasing rapidly over years; (iii) Vietnamese customers are very vulnerable to cybercrime in banking, as more than 58% seem to hear about cybercrimes, and how banks provide services to let them know about their transactions. However, more than 50% do not have any deep knowledge or any measures for preventing cybercrime; (iii) Customers believe in banks, but do not think that banks can deal with cybercrime issues well. They still feel traditional transactions are more secure than e-transactions; (iv) the reasons for high cybercrimes come from commercial banks (low management and human capacity), supporting environment (inadequate), legal framework (not yet strong and strict enough on cybercrimes), and clients (low level of financial literacy). Therefore, several solutions should be carried out, from all stakeholders, for improving the cybersecurity in Vietnamese banks. 

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