scholarly journals Investigating links between students’ agency experiences in digital educational interactions, participation and academic performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Hvid Stenalt
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Student Participation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Student Agency ◽  
Digital Education ◽  
Educational Interactions ◽  
Using Data

Despite promises of student agency in digital education, student agency is mostly assumed and less researched. This paper provides a way to understand the role of agency in digital interactions, and it explores how students’ agency experiences link to student participation and academic performance. In the study, data were collected from nine Danish university students. Students’ agency experiences were identified and interpreted using the Adapted Participation Gestalt Framework. Student participation was collected using data from a digital system used for the educational interactions. Students’ academic performance was measured using students’ self- reported grades. The study makes two key contributions: it identifies the participation gestalt of the interaction in question and maps developments in students’ experiences of agency constituting the gestalt; and second, it suggests that students’ agency in interactions is associated with grades and participation patterns. Finally, the paper discusses how the findings inform future research.

scholarly journals Decision Making from the Experience of Orthognathic Surgery Patients: A Grounded Theory Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110144
Author(s):  
N.R. Paul ◽  
S.R. Baker ◽  
B.J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theory Approach

Introduction: Patients’ decisions to undergo major surgery such as orthognathic treatment are not just about how the decision is made but what influences the decision. Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to identify the key processes involved in patients’ experience of decision making for orthognathic treatment. Methods: This study reports some of the findings of a larger grounded theory study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews of patients who were seen for orthognathic treatment at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Twenty-two participants were recruited (age range 18–66 y), of whom 12 (male = 2, female = 10) were 6 to 8 wk postsurgery, 6 (male = 2, female = 4) were in the decision-making stage, and 4 (male = 0, female = 4) were 1 to 2 y postsurgery. Additional data were also collected from online blogs and forums on jaw surgery. The data analysis stages of grounded theory methodology were undertaken, including open and selective coding. Results: The study identified the central role of dental care professionals (DCPs) in several underlying processes associated with decision making, including legitimating, mediating, scheduling, projecting, and supporting patients’ decisions. Six categories were related to key aspects of decision making. These were awareness about their underlying dentofacial problems and treatment options available, the information available about the treatment, the temporality of when surgery would be undertaken, the motivations and expectation of patients, social support, and fear of the surgery, hospitalization, and potentially disliking their new face. Conclusion: The decision-making process for orthognathic treatment is complex, multifactorial, and heavily influenced by the role of DCPs in patient care. Understanding the magnitude of this role will enable DCPs to more clearly participate in improving patients’ decision-making process. The findings of this study can inform future quantitative studies. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used both for informing clinical practice around enabling decision making for orthognathic treatment and also for designing future research. The findings can better inform clinicians about the importance of their role in the patients’ decision-making process for orthognathic treatment and the means to improve the patient experience. It is suggested that further research could be conducted to measure some of the key constructs identified within our grounded theory and assess how these change during the treatment process.

Ethnic Differences in the Smoking-Related Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Piovani ◽  
Claudia Pansieri ◽  
Soumya R R Kotha ◽  
Amanda C Piazza ◽  
Celia-Louise Comberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background and aims The association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) relies on old meta-analyses including exclusively non-Jewish White populations. Uncertainty persists regarding the role of smoking in other ethnicities. Methods We systematically searched Medline/PubMed, Embase and Scopus for studies examining tobacco smoking and the risk of developing IBD, i.e., Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed each study’s risk-of-bias. We examined heterogeneity and small-study effect, and calculated summary estimates using random-effects models. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were employed to study the association between study-level characteristics and effect estimates. The strength of epidemiological evidence was assessed through prespecified criteria. Results We synthesized 57 studies examining the smoking-related risk of developing CD and UC. Non-Jewish White smokers were at increased risk of CD (29 studies; RR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.69‒2.24; moderate evidence). No association was observed in Asian, Jewish and Latin-American populations (11 studies; RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.83–1.13), with no evidence of heterogeneity across these ethnicities. Smokers were at reduced risk of UC (51 studies; RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.48–0.64; weak evidence) irrespectively of ethnicity; however, cohort studies, large studies and those recently published showed attenuated associations. Conclusions This meta-analysis did not identify any increased risk of CD in smokers in ethnicities other than non-Jewish Whites, and confirmed the protective effect of smoking on UC occurrence. Future research should characterize the genetic background of CD patients across different ethnicities to improve our understanding on the role of smoking in CD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Please, Do Not Interrupt Me: Work–Family Balance and Segmentation Behavior as Mediators of Boundary Violations and Teleworkers’ Burnout and Flourishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7339
Author(s):  
Vânia Sofia Carvalho ◽  
Alda Santos ◽  
Maria Teresa Ribeiro ◽  
Maria José Chambel
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Boundary Violations ◽  
Family Balance ◽  
Work Family Balance ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The lockdown, in the COVID-19 pandemic, is considered an external crisis that evokes innumerous changes in individuals lives. One of the changes is the work and family dynamics. Based on boundary theory we examine the mediated role of work and family balance and boundary segmentation behavior in the relationship between boundary violations and teleworkers’ stress and well-being. However, because women and men live their work and family differently, gender may condition the way teleworkers lead with boundary violations and boundary segmentation. Hypotheses were tested through moderated mediation modeling using data collected of 456 teleworkers during lockdown. In line with our expectations, teleworkers who have suffered most boundary violations were those with least boundary segmentation behaviors and with least work-family balance which, in turn was related to higher burnout and lower flourishing. Furthermore, gender was found to moderate the relationship between boundary violations from work-to-family and segmentation behavior in the same direction and this relationship was stronger for females than for males. We discuss implications for future research and for managing teleworkers, creating sustainability, both during a crise and stable days.

Promoting Persistence: The Role of Academic Advisors

2020 ◽  
pp. 152102512092480
Author(s):  
Megan M. Tippetts ◽  
Andrea Thomas Brandley ◽  
Jolyn Metro ◽  
Meredith King ◽  
Christopher Ogren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Public University ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Academic Advisors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Retention and persistence to graduation have been concerns for colleges and universities across the country. Research has pointed to sociodemographic and economic factors that affect persistence. Our analyses isolate the relationship between advising appointments and the likelihood of persistence controlling for the possibility of an endogenous relationship and while controlling for sociodemographic and academic performance covariates. Using data from one college in a large, public university, we found that students enrolled in Spring 2018 who met with an advisor one or more times in January through August 2018 were 9% more likely to persist and enroll in Fall 2018 than otherwise similar students who did not visit an advisor at all during that period.

The Signaling Role of Politician Stock Ownership: Effects on Lobbying Intensity

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 2116-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Ridge ◽  
Aaron D. Hill ◽  
Amy Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Signaling Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stock Ownership ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Legislative Agenda ◽  
Using Data

Adopting a signaling theory perspective, we argue that politician stock ownership sends signals of positive predispositions to firms, thereby alleviating some necessity for firms to emphasize lobbying expenditures to influence political action. Using data on congressional stock ownership, we find support for our arguments. We find that as the proportion of Congress owning stock in a firm increases, the firm decreases the intensity of lobbying. Furthermore, we find that the signals associated with stock-holding politicians with greater ability to affect the legislative agenda (i.e., affiliation with the majority party) relates to lobbying intensity. Our findings add to the literature on lobbying while also offering implications for practice and avenues for future research.

Beyond Forensic Evidence: Examining Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Exam Mechanisms that Influence Sexual Assault Case Outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096187
Author(s):  
Emily Tiry ◽  
Janine Zweig ◽  
Kelly Walsh ◽  
Lauren Farrell ◽  
Lilly Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sexual Assault Case ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Criminal Case Processing

Despite the widespread use of sexual assault medical forensic exams (SAMFEs), practitioners and researchers continue to debate the role of SAMFEs and the evidence they provide in the investigation and prosecution of sexual assault cases. Using data from a review of sexual assault cases reported to police between 2015 and 2017 in two jurisdictions ( n = 534), we use logistic regression examine whether the presence of a SAMFE predicts the likelihood of achieving criminal case processing outcomes and whether the relationship of the SAMFE with criminal case processing outcomes is moderated by other legal and extralegal case characteristics. We did not find evidence that the presence of a SAMFE in a case significantly predicts whether a suspect will be identified, arrested, or convicted overall, but we did find evidence of the SAMFE’s injury documentation value for arrest. Researchers and practitioners should account for the multiple ways SAMFEs can influence decision-making in future research and policymaking.

Intervening role of realized absorptive capacity in organizational culture–open innovation relationship

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muzamil Naqshbandi ◽  
Yehia Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Realized Absorptive Capacity

Using data collected from middle and top managers working across different industries in the United Arab Emirates, this article examines the relationship between two contrasting organizational culture types and two types of open innovation (OI). It also takes into account the mediating role of realized absorptive capacity in these relationships. Results obtained using several statistical techniques show that a highly integrative culture relates positively, while a hierarchy culture relates negatively to the two types of OI. Results also establish the mediating role of realized absorptive capacity in these relationships. These findings contribute theoretically to OI and organizational culture literature and provide insights for practitioners on how to succeed or avoid failure in their OI initiatives. A discussion of the findings, along with limitations of the study and future research directions, is given.

Exploring the role of the “Big Three” features of effective youth development programs in El Salvador: The sample case of programs of Compassion International

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542110228
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Tirrell ◽  
Samuel W. Hay ◽  
Patricia K. Gansert ◽  
Trang U. Le ◽  
Bridget C. O’Neil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Compassion International

Programs effective in promoting positive youth development (PYD) involve curricular features termed the Big Three: Positive and sustained adult–youth relationships; life-skill-building activities; and youth contribution and leadership opportunities. Data from 610 adolescents (50% female; M age = 16.39 years, SD = 1.83) enrolled in Compassion International-supported programs in El Salvador indicated that scores derived from a youth-report measure of the Big Three, established using data from Rwanda, manifested strong invariance and predicted both youth strengths and contribution. Qualitative interviews with 18 youth from these programs indicated that the Big Three were seen as present and enhancing their positive development. We discuss how future research using a quantitative–qualitative approach may provide deeper evidence about the practical application and promotion of PYD in youth programs.

scholarly journals PERAN PEMUDA SEBAGAI PENERUS TRADISI SAMBATAN DALAM RANGKA PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER GOTONG ROYONG

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramudyasari Nur Bintari ◽  
Cecep Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Splice Form ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Funeral Home ◽  
Youth Behavior ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Currently youth behavior that is inconsistent with the character of the nation and the declining youth awareness of the splice. This study aims to obtain a picture of the implementation of mutual cooperation, shape, splice conservation efforts, associated with the formation of the youth character and know the community efforts to increase the appreciation of youth. The study used a qualitative approach, descriptive methods. Subjects were young, village, and community leaders. Data collection technique used observation, interview, and documentation study. Data were analyzed using data reduction, and conclusion. Results of the research is the role of youth as the next generation of tradition, study and understand the traditions, accompany the next generation in the process of understanding, implementation, and evaluation. The role of youth in the splice should be improved as a form of community service. Splice form is "sinoman", "ngecor", recitals, help-aids at the funeral home, and community service. Splice as a medium that can build youth paradigm of mutual cooperation. Community efforts to increase the appreciation of youth by creating a modern activity, understand youth with psychological condition, and creating entrepreneurship training.Keywords: youth, splice tradition, mutual cooperation, character.

Use of communication technology to maintain intergenerational contact: toward an understanding of ‘digital solidarity’

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyun Peng ◽  
Merril Silverstein ◽  
J. Jill Suitor ◽  
Megan Gilligan ◽  
Woosang Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Using Data

This chapter examines the use of communication technology (emailing and texting) for the maintenance of digital solidarity. It first considers the role of digital solidarity in the study of intergenerational solidarity, and more specifically how digital solidarity adds a new dimension to the concepts of associational solidarity and functional solidarity. It then explores the use of emailing and texting by older mothers to maintain contact with their adult children using data from two US sources and from different years (the 2008 Within-Family Differences Study and the 2016 Longitudinal Study of Generations). The demographic characteristics of mothers are discussed, along with the characteristics of their adult children and the methods used in the two studies. The results show that mothers in the 2016 sample are more likely to use communication technology with their offspring than are mothers in the 2008 sample. The chapter concludes by suggesting directions for future research.

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