scholarly journals Nutritional Choices, New Health Approaches and Anti-speciesist Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Biagio Tinghino
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Ethical Orientations ◽  
Pathological Eating ◽  
Culture Tradition ◽  
Psychological Determinant

Nutritional choices are affected by culture, tradition and above all by the narrative we adopt for human history. The article gives an overview of the (pseudo)scientific beliefs, psychological factors and ethical orientations that affect nutritional choices. Among the various food theories today, great importance is given, for example, to the so-called Paleolithic diet, which consists of proposing a dietary model based on blood groups, which are assumed to have developed throughout different periods of the natural evolution of Homo sapiens, which were characterized by peculiar alimentary regimes. Moreover, psychological determinant drivers affect food choices and could lead to pathological eating behaviors (e.g., anorexia, overeating, binge eating). Finally, the ethical aspects of nutrition are closely correlated to vegetarianism, which in turn embraces an anti-speciesist thinking and recognizes the need for humans not to inflict unnecessary suffering on animals. Vegetarianism, anti-speciesism and ecologism often represent different aspects of the same issue: a lifestyle that testifies the need for a change in traditional paradigms, in the interest of humankind and the future of life on our planet.

Effects of Peer Models' Food Choices and Eating Behaviors on Preschoolers' Food Preferences

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leann Lipps Birch
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Peer Models

Effects of Peer Models' Food Choices and Eating Behaviors on Preschoolers'Food Preferences

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leann Lipps Birch
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Peer Models

scholarly journals A case series on the clinical profile of avoidant–restrictive food intake disorder in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Lai ◽  
Ashwin Chee ◽  
Victor Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Treatment Default ◽  
Default Rate ◽  
High Treatment

Little is known about the new Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, diagnosis of Avoidant–Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). Without sufficient knowledge about the disorder, its detection and treatment are hampered. This study highlights eight cases diagnosed with ARFID between 2013 and June 2016 who presented to our treatment facility, the only specialized Eating Disorders program in Singapore. Informed consent was obtained from the patients and their parents, and their case notes retrieved and reviewed. There were five males and three females, with ages ranging from 15 to 39 years, a mean age of 20 years and body mass index of 16.1 kg/m2 at time of diagnosis. The presentation of cases was heterogeneous, including selective eating behaviors, very restricted food choices, anxiety towards specific foods and with comorbid mood symptoms. A majority of the cases displayed ARFID symptoms early in childhood, suggesting the need to inform parents, educators and healthcare professionals. The study also found a high treatment default rate amongst the patients, warranting further investigation. Due to the heterogenous presentation of ARFID, the authors appeal for further exploration to be carried out and more to be done to increase the awareness of this condition in both the medical profession and general population.

Eating behaviors in sailors of the United States Navy: Meal-to-sleep intervals

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602096087
Author(s):  
Nita Lewis Shattuck ◽  
Panagiotis Matsangas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Field Assessment

Background: Due to their long workdays and erratic watch schedules, sailors on United States Navy (USN) ships often eat meals close to their bedtime, which may contribute to sleep disruption. Aim: To assess the duration of meal-to-sleep (M-S) intervals in relation to timing of sailor workdays and watch schedules. Methods: Longitudinal field assessment of USN sailors performing their underway duties ( N = 234). Participants completed questionnaires, wore actigraphs, and completed activity logs. Results: Approximately 35% of M-S intervals were <3 h in duration. M-S interval duration was associated with watchstanding status ( p < 0.001) and the number of sections in the watchstanding schedule ( p < 0.001). Sailors on the two-section watch schedule had, on average, the shortest M-S intervals (55 min) compared to sailors on three- or four-section watchbills (∼4 h) and to non-watchstanders (4.85 h). Conclusion: Sailors on two-section watchbills often eat quite close to bedtime. To provide appropriate recommendations regarding healthy dietary patterns, we will continue assessing dietary behaviors and food choices of sailors while underway, especially as they relate to sailor work hours, circadian rhythms, and sleep practices.

A Validation and Reliability Study of the Physical Activity and Healthy Food Efficacy Scale for Children (PAHFE)

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Perry ◽  
R.J. De Ayala ◽  
Ryan Lebow ◽  
Emily Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this study was to obtain validity evidence for the Physical Activity and Healthy Food Efficacy Scale for Children (PAHFE). Construct validity evidence identifies four subscales: Goal-Setting for Physical Activity, Goal-Setting for Healthy Food Choices, Decision-Making for Physical Activity, and Decision-Making for Healthy Food Choices. The scores on each of these subscales show a moderate to high degree of internal consistency (0.59 ≤ α ≤ 0.87). The Decision-Making for Healthy Food Choice subscale and the Decision-Making for Physical Activity subscale scores show significant convergent validity evidence. These results provide support for using this self-efficacy scale to measure children's perceived confidence to make decisions about healthy eating and physical activity. The PAHFE may be considered to be a useful predictor of both physical activity and eating behaviors.

scholarly journals Food Myths or Food Facts? Study about Perceptions and Knowledge in a Portuguese Sample

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2746
Author(s):  
Sofia G. Florença ◽  
Manuela Ferreira ◽  
Inês Lacerda ◽  
Aline Maia
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Positive Score ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Very High

Food myths are nutritional concepts poorly justified or even contradict existing scientific evidence that individuals take as the truth. Knowledge in nutrition is an important tool in tackling misinformation and in the promotion of adequate food choices. This study aimed to investigate the beliefs and perceptions of a sample of the Portuguese population regarding a series of food myths and facts, evaluating, consequently, the level of knowledge and the main sources of information. The research was conducted on a sample of 503 participants, using a questionnaire disclosed online, by email, and social networks, between May and June of 2021. Thirty statements, some true and others false, were analyzed to assess people’s perceptions. Based on the respondents’ answers, a score was calculated for each statement, allowing to differentiate the correct (positive score) from incorrect (negative score) perceptions. The results showed that most statements obtained positive scores, corresponding to correct perceptions. Moreover, the level of knowledge was measured, being very high for 21.7% of the participants and high for 42.1%. The main sources where the participants acquire nutritional information are scientific journals (43.3%), website of the Portuguese General Health Office (DGS) (31.4%), and technical books (31.0%), which is concordant with the level of trust in these sources. Hence, it was concluded that, despite the levels of nutritional knowledge, there are still several food myths that need to be debunked, through the proper channels, in order to promote healthy, balanced, and adequate eating behaviors.

scholarly journals Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wiss ◽  
Timothy Brewerton
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
Pathological Eating

Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction “diagnosis” among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or “the signal”) from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or “restraint”) that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or “the noise”). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.

Influences on food choices of urban Chinese teenagers

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Veeck ◽  
Fang Grace Yu ◽  
Hongyan Yu ◽  
Gregory Veeck ◽  
James W. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Environment

Purpose – This study aims to examine the major influences of food choices of Chinese teenagers within a dynamic food marketing environment. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports findings from semi-structured interviews with high school students which examine teenagers’ guidelines for selecting food, along with their actual eating behavior. Findings – The results reflect on how four major influences – personal, family, peer and retailer – may intersect to affect the eating behaviors of Chinese adolescents, as they navigate an intense education schedule during a time of rapidly changing cultural values. Different norms of food choice – nutrition, food safety, taste, body image, price, convenience, sharing, friendship and fun – are evoked according to the social context and concurrent activities of the teenagers. Social implications – The findings offer tentative insights related to the potential for promoting healthier eating habits for adolescents in urban areas of China. Originality/value – The study demonstrates how, within this rapidly changing food environment, food retailers are creating alliances with teenagers to meet needs of convenience, speed, taste and social interaction.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Factors Influencing Diet and Eating Behaviors Among Latinx Middle School Students (P04-113-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Masek ◽  
Lela Wiliams ◽  
Elizabeth Lorenzo ◽  
Beatriz Vega-Luna ◽  
Hector Valdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Family Level ◽  
At Home

Abstract Objectives To better understand how Latinx middle school youth perceive the family- and environment-related factors that influence their diet and eating behaviors. Methods Five gender-stratified focus groups (3 with females, 2 with males) with 37 Latinx seventh grade students (54% female) were conducted. The guided discussion included questions about participants’ food choices, the role of their parents in their diet, the way diet and food are discussed at home, and healthy body-related concerns among their peers. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded in NVivo on the basis of specificity, extensiveness, frequency, and emotionality. Themes emerged from group dialogue; detailed conversations and predominant topics of discussion were noted. Results Youth identified several home- and family-level factors influencing their eating behaviors and food preferences, including parental/caregiver modeling, home food availability, and household budgetary constraints. Within the home, youth described a limited ability to participate in decisions regarding food choices, meal planning, meal preparation, and communicating with their caregivers about food preferences. Some youth expressed frustration due to perceiving that other family members were given alternative food options during meals. Youth were interested in eating healthier foods, but those options were not always available at home. Healthy foods at school were described as poorly prepared, and not always available. Youth reported experiencing peer pressure regarding healthy or unhealthy food selection, body image, and fitness level, and reported awareness of the use of unhealthful eating behaviors (e.g., restrictive eating, dieting, purging) as coping strategies. Conclusions Family- and household-related factors emerged as important factors that influence youth dietary behaviors. Youth expressed they would eat more nutritious foods if they had more options, if the food was well prepared, and they were given more autonomy over their food and meal choices. Future diet interventions should incorporate strategies to address family-level and environmental factors that influence dietary intake in this vulnerable population. Funding Sources Funded by NIMHD.

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