The effect of acute maximal exercise on postexercise hemodynamics and central arterial stiffness in obese and normal-weight individuals

Aim. To analyze if childhood obesity associates with changes in elastic, transitional, and/or muscular arteries’ stiffness.Methods. 221 subjects (4–15 years, 92 females) were assigned to normal weight (NW,n=137) or obesity (OB,n=84) groups, considering their body mass indexz-score. Age groups were defined: 4–8; 8–12; 12–15 years old. Carotid, femoral, and brachial artery local stiffness was determined through systodiastolic pressure-diameter and stress-strain relationships. To this end, arterial diameter and peripheral and aortic blood pressure (BP) levels and waveforms were recorded. Carotid-femoral, femoropedal, and carotid-radial pulse wave velocities were determined to evaluate aortic, lower-limb, and upper-limb regional arterial stiffness, respectively. Correlation analysis between stiffness parameters and BP was done.Results. Compared to NW, OB subjects showed higher peripheral and central BP and carotid and femoral stiffness, reaching statistical significance in subjects aged 12 and older. Arterial stiffness differences disappeared when levels were normalized for BP. There were no differences in intrinsic arterial wall stiffness (elastic modulus), BP stiffness relationships, and regional stiffness parameters.Conclusion. OB associates with BP-dependent and age-related increase in carotid and femoral (but not brachial) stiffness. Stiffness changes would not be explained by intrinsic arterial wall alterations but could be associated with the higher BP levels observed in obese children.

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Relationships between Dietary Patterns and Indices of Arterial Stiffness and Central Arterial Wave Reflection in 9–11-Year-Old Children

Children ◽

10.3390/children7060066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Pouya Saeedi ◽

Jillian Haszard ◽

Lee Stoner ◽

Sheila Skeaff ◽

Katherine E. Black ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Wave Reflection ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Principal Component ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Arterial Wave Reflection

Arterial stiffness is an important marker of vascular damage and a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given that pathophysiological processes leading to an increased arterial stiffness begin during childhood, the aim of this clustered observational study was to determine the relationship between modifiable factors including dietary patterns and indices of aortic arterial stiffness and wave reflection in 9–11-year-old children. Data collection was conducted between April and December 2015 in 17 primary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand. Dietary data were collected using a previously validated food frequency questionnaire and identified using principal component analysis method. Arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, PWV) and central arterial wave reflection (augmentation index, AIx) were measured using the SphygmoCor XCEL system (Atcor Medical, Sydney, Australia). Complete data for PWV and AIx analyses were available for 389 and 337 children, respectively. The mean age of children was 9.7 ± 0.7 years, 49.0% were girls and 76.0% were classified as “normal weight”. The two identified dietary patterns were “Snacks” and “Fruit and Vegetables”. Mean PWV and AIx were 5.8 ± 0.8 m/s and −2.1 ± 14.1%, respectively. There were no clinically meaningful relationships between the identified dietary pattern scores and either PWV or AIx in 9–11-year-old children.

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Arterial Stiffness Parameters Correlate with Estimated Cardiovascular Risk in Humans: A Clinical Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16142547 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 2547 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Małgorzata Tąpolska ◽

Maciej Spałek ◽

Urszula Szybowicz ◽

Remigiusz Domin ◽

Karolina Owsik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reflection Index

Arterial stiffness is said to be a novel predictor of cardiovascular events. This study investigated the correlation between arterial stiffness parameters and the estimated cardiovascular disease risk (RISK) in a Polish cohort of patients divided by age, sex, and body-mass index (BMI). The cross-sectional study enrolled 295 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into three age groups, four weight groups, and by gender. The stiffness of the vessels was assessed by the measurement of the stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI). An individual 10-year RISK was calculated for each patient using the Heart Risk Calculator algorithm by the American Heart Association. A correlation between the SI and estimated RISK was observed (rS 0.42, p < 0.05). The strongest relationship was presented for women, the age group 40–54, and individuals with normal weight. The correlation between RI and calculated RISK was observed (rS 0.19, p < 0.05), the highest correlation was noticed for people aged 40–54 and obese. In conclusion, both SI and RI are correlated with estimated cardiovascular risk, however SI seems to be more useful than RI to predict the individual risk of future cardiovascular events. Both of these can be measured using non-invasive techniques, which demonstrates their potential utility in clinical practice.

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Acute and Chronic Impact of Dynamic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Older Hypertensives

The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal ◽

10.2174/1874192400802010003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Kunihiko Aizawa ◽

Robert J Petrella

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Dynamic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Arterial Distensibility

Arterial stiffness increases with ageing and hypertension. Regular physical activity has been recommended as an important management component of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute impact of maximal dynamic exercise and the effect of 20 weeks of aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness of the carotid and brachial arteries in older hypertensives. Nine previously sedentary and treated older hypertensives (2 men and 7 women, age 68.2 ± 5.4 yrs) performed maximal treadmill exercise to volitional fatigue while arterial stiffness indices (arterial distensibility and β stiffness index) were measured prior to, immediately (about 10 min) following, and 24 h following maximal exercise. These measurements were repeated following 20 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. Maximal exercise had no impact on arterial stiffness indices immediately and 24 h following exercise intervention. Following 20 weeks of training, arterial stiffness indices remained unchanged at rest and following maximal exercise. These data show that, in older hypertensives, 1) acute maximal dynamic exercise had no impact on arterial stiffness of the carotid and brachial arteries, and 2) 20 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training failed to modify arterial stiffness.

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Hemodynamic and arterial stiffness differences between African-Americans and Caucasians after maximal exercise

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00710.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 306 (1) ◽

pp. H60-H68 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Huimin Yan ◽

Sushant M. Ranadive ◽

Kevin S. Heffernan ◽

Abbi D. Lane ◽

Rebecca M. Kappus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aortic Stiffness ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Future Research ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Acute Bout

African-American (AA) men have higher arterial stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) than Caucasian-American (CA) men. Women have greater age-associated increases in arterial stiffness and AIx than men. This study examined racial and sex differences in arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics at rest and after an acute bout of maximal exercise in young healthy individuals. One hundred young, healthy individuals (28 AA men, 24 AA women, 25 CA men, and 23 CA women) underwent measurements of aortic blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness at rest and 15 and 30 min after an acute bout of graded maximal aerobic exercise. Aortic BP and AIx were derived from radial artery applanation tonometry. Aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral) was measured via pulse wave velocity. Aortic stiffness was increased in AA subjects but not in CA subjects ( P < 0.05) after an acute bout of maximal cycling exercise, after controlling for body mass index. Aortic BP decreased after exercise in CA subjects but not in AA subjects ( P < 0.05). Women exhibited greater reductions in AIx after maximal aerobic exercise compared with men ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, race and sex impact vascular and central hemodynamic responses to exercise. Young AA and CA subjects exhibited differential responses in central stiffness and central BP after acute maximal exercise. Premenopausal women had greater augmented pressure at rest and after maximal aerobic exercise than men. Future research is needed to examine the potential mechanisms.

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P5.15 SEX DIFFERENCES IN CENTRAL ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND PRESSURES BEFORE AND FOLLOWING MAXIMAL EXERCISE

Artery Research ◽

10.1016/j.artres.2013.10.164 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (3-4) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

R.M. Kappus ◽

S.M. Ranadive ◽

A.D. Lane ◽

H. Yan ◽

M.D. Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Maximal Exercise

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Association of metabolically abnormal but normal weight (MANW) and metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) individuals with arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 234 (1) ◽

pp. 218-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Hye Jin Yoo ◽

Soon Young Hwang ◽

Ho Cheol Hong ◽

Hae Yoon Choi ◽

Ji A. Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Metabolically Healthy

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Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Obese Children and Adolescents

Acta Medica Marisiensis ◽

10.1515/amma-2015-0090 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duicu Carmen ◽

Mărginean Cristina Oana ◽

Pitea Ana Maria ◽

Melit Lorena Elena

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Children ◽

Night Time ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

The Difference

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate differences regarding 24-hour blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a cohort of office normotensive obese and non-obese children and adolescents, and to evaluate correlations of these parameters with some anthropometric indices. We retrospectively evaluated ABPM records in 71 children (42 boys); 31 obese compared with 40 normal-weight children.Results: Mean 24-hour, day-time and night-time SBP was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (p <0.01 during the entire period). Significantly higher AASI values were found in obese children compared to controls (0.45 vs. 0.41, p <0.05), the difference being more obvious for day-time AASI (p <0.001).Conclusions: This research confirms that SBP and AASI are increased in obese children. AASI is a useful index of arterial stiffness that can be easily measured under ambulatory circumstances in children.

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