scholarly journals Arterial Stiffness Parameters Correlate with Estimated Cardiovascular Risk in Humans: A Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Tąpolska ◽  
Maciej Spałek ◽  
Urszula Szybowicz ◽  
Remigiusz Domin ◽  
Karolina Owsik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reflection Index

Arterial stiffness is said to be a novel predictor of cardiovascular events. This study investigated the correlation between arterial stiffness parameters and the estimated cardiovascular disease risk (RISK) in a Polish cohort of patients divided by age, sex, and body-mass index (BMI). The cross-sectional study enrolled 295 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into three age groups, four weight groups, and by gender. The stiffness of the vessels was assessed by the measurement of the stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI). An individual 10-year RISK was calculated for each patient using the Heart Risk Calculator algorithm by the American Heart Association. A correlation between the SI and estimated RISK was observed (rS 0.42, p < 0.05). The strongest relationship was presented for women, the age group 40–54, and individuals with normal weight. The correlation between RI and calculated RISK was observed (rS 0.19, p < 0.05), the highest correlation was noticed for people aged 40–54 and obese. In conclusion, both SI and RI are correlated with estimated cardiovascular risk, however SI seems to be more useful than RI to predict the individual risk of future cardiovascular events. Both of these can be measured using non-invasive techniques, which demonstrates their potential utility in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of associations between normal body weight with central obesity and hyperuricemia in Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Akihiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Japanese Adults

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. However, the relationship between NWCO and hyperuricemia has not been studied in detail. Methods We investigated the association between NWCO and hyperuricemia among Japanese adults aged 40-64 years who had undergone periodic health examinations between April 2013 and March 2014. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m 2 and central obesity was determined as a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5. We classified the participants into the following groups based according to having obesity and central obesity: normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ) without (NW; WHtR <0.5) and with (NWCO) central obesity, and obesity without (OB) and with (OBCO) central obesity. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid >7.0 and ≥6.0 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, or under medical treatment for hyperuricemia. Alcohol intake was classified as yes (daily and occasional consumption) and none (no alcohol consumption). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results We analyzed data derived from 96,863 participants (69,241 men and 27,622 women). The prevalences of hyperuricemia in men and women were respectively, 21.4% and 11.0%, and of participants with NWCO respectively 15.6% and 30.0%. The adjusted OR for hyperuricemia was significantly increased in OBCO compared with NW, regardless of sex (men: OR, 2.12; 95%CI; 2.03-2.21; women: OR, 3.54; 95%CI, 3.21-3.90) and were statistically significant in NWCO compared with NW (men: OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.36-1.52; women: OR, 1.41; 95%CI, 1.27-1.57). The results were similar regardless of alcohol consumption. Conclusions We found that NWCO and OBCO were associated with hyperuricemia in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Middle-aged Japanese adults with normal weight but having central obesity should be screened using a combination of BMI and WHtR and educated about how to prevent hyperuricemia.

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Epidemiological Studies of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Latvia: Why are they Needed?

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Pēteris Apinis ◽  
Vilnis Dzērve ◽  
Anda Čakša ◽  
Iveta Bajāre ◽  
Andrejs Ērglis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Standard Population

Abstract The present review is designed to provide insight into population-based investigations of cardiovascular risk factors in Latvia. Most of them represent urban, rural and mixed populations. The results are age-standardised using the European Standard Population. All of the studies confirm a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors with wide differences across the studies. The differences are not consistent or regular and some of the underlying reasons are discussed. Analysis of the previous studies justifies the need for a nationwide cross-sectional epidemiological study, which in a small country can be carried out in compliance with all the requirements for a population-based epidemiological study.

Abstract P031: Endothelial Microparticles In Pediatric Obesity

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Jang ◽  
Elise F Palzer ◽  
Kyle D Rudser ◽  
Claudia K Fox ◽  
Robert P Hebbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Cohort

Introduction: Endothelial activation represents one of the earliest signs of the atherosclerotic process. Microparticles (MPs) in plasma, particularly endothelial MPs (EMPs) are reproducible biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction with a simple blood draw. The goal of this study was to examine the association of obesity with MPs, EMPs (CD31+/CD41– and/or CD 144+/CD31–), and activated EMPs (CD106+). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that higher body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (BF%), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) would be associated with higher levels of MPs, EMPs, and activated EMPs. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 280 children and adolescents ages 8-18 years old. Whole venous blood was collected and processed for platelet free-plasma (PFP) collection less than 3 hours after being drawn. PFP samples were prepared using serial centrifugations and then frozen as 100 μl aliquots at -80 ° C. MPs were measured using flow cytometry with size ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 μm. EMPs were defined as MP with CD31+/CD41– and/or CD 144+/CD31–. Active EMP was identified as EMP with CD 106+. BF% and VAT were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Linear (total MPs and EMPs) and logistic (activated EMPs) regression models were used to examine the associations with adiposity group, BF%, and VAT, adjusting for Tanner stage, sex, and race. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 12.7 years, consisting of 147 females and BMI distribution: 112 normal-weight, 77 overweight/obesity, 91 severe obesity. Youth with overweight/obesity and severe obesity had higher numbers of total MPs (28,690 per μL PFP/g [-2,315, 59,695], p=0.07 and 52,744 per μL PFP/g [22,163, 83,324], p<0.001, respectively) and total EMPs (350 per μL PFP/g [81, 618], p=0.011 and 278 per μL PFP/g [13, 543], p=0.040, respectively) compared to peers with normal weight. In the entire cohort, higher BF% was associated with higher MPs (1,646 per μL PFP per percent [509, 2,783], p=0.005) and EMPs (11 per μL PFP per percent [2, 21], p=0.023), and higher VAT was associated with higher MPs (34 per μL PFP/g [11, 57], p=0.004) but not EMPs. Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of active EMPs (odds ratio, 1.72 [1.0, 2.97], p=0.0502) in those with a BMI >85 th percentile compared to youth with a BMI <85 th percentile. In the entire cohort, BF% (odds ratio, 1.02 [1.00, 1.04], p=0.108) and VAT (odds ratio, 1.00 [1.00, 1.00], p=0.472) were not significantly associated with active EMPs. Conclusions: Higher levels of endothelial cell damage and activation were associated with obesity and excess adiposity in youth. The potential role of MPs and EMPs as useful biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk merits further study.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of associations between normal body weight with central obesity and hyperuricemia in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Akihiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Japanese Adults

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. However, the relationship between NWCO and hyperuricemia has not been studied in detail. Methods We investigated the association between NWCO and hyperuricemia among Japanese adults aged 40–64 years who had undergone periodic health examinations between April 2013 and March 2014. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and central obesity was determined as a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5. We classified the participants into the following groups based according to having obesity and central obesity: normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) without (NW; WHtR < 0.5) and with (NWCO) central obesity, and obesity without (OB) and with (OBCO) central obesity. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid > 7.0 and ≥ 6.0 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, or under medical treatment for hyperuricemia. Alcohol intake was classified as yes (daily and occasional consumption) and none (no alcohol consumption). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results We analyzed data derived from 96,863 participants (69,241 men and 27,622 women). The prevalences of hyperuricemia in men and women were respectively, 21.4 and 11.0%, and of participants with NWCO respectively 15.6 and 30.0%. The adjusted OR for hyperuricemia was significantly increased in OBCO compared with NW, regardless of sex (men: OR, 2.12; 95%CI; 2.03–2.21; women: OR, 3.54; 95%CI, 3.21–3.90) and were statistically significant in NWCO compared with NW (men: OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.36–1.52; women: OR, 1.41; 95%CI, 1.27–1.57). The results were similar regardless of alcohol consumption. Conclusions We found that NWCO and OBCO were associated with hyperuricemia in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Middle-aged Japanese adults with normal weight but having central obesity should be screened using a combination of BMI and WHtR and educated about how to prevent hyperuricemia.

scholarly journals Vascular Alterations Among Young Adults with SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Ratchford ◽  
Jonathon Lee Stickford ◽  
Valesha M Province ◽  
Nina Stute ◽  
Marc Andrew Augenreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: While SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs, the virus may be inflicting detriments to the cardiovascular system, both directly through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor as well as initiating systemic inflammation. Persistent systemic inflammation may be provoking vascular dysfunction, an early indication of cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: In order to establish the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the systemic vasculature in the arms and legs, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of young healthy adults (Control: 5M/15F, 23.0±1.3y, 167±9cm, 63.0±7.4kg) and young adults who, 3-4 weeks prior to testing, had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2: 4M/7F, 20.2±1.1y, 172±12cm, 69.5±12.4kg) (mean±SD). Using Doppler ultrasound, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the arm and single passive limb movement (sPLM) in the leg were assessed as markers of vascular function. Pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) was assessed as a marker of arterial stiffness. Results: FMD was lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group (2.71±1.21%) compared to the Control group (8.81±2.96%) (P<0.01) and when made relative to the shear stimulus (SARS-CoV-2: 0.04±0.02AU, Control: 0.13±0.06AU, P<0.01). The femoral artery blood flow response, as evidenced by the area under the curve, from the sPLM was lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group (-3±91ml) compared with the Control group (118±114ml) (P<0.01). PWVcf was higher in the SARS-CoV-2 group (5.83±0.62m/s) compared with the Control group (5.17±0.66m/s) (P<0.01). Conclusions: Significantly lower systemic vascular function and higher arterial stiffness are evident weeks after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among young adults compared to controls.

scholarly journals Malnutrition and cardiovascular risk in haemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iziane da Silva ANDRADE ◽  
Carla de Magalhães CUNHA ◽  
Beatriz Passos de BRITO ◽  
Fabiana Chagas Oliveira de FRANÇA ◽  
Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Smokers

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the association between nutritional status and traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in haemodialysis patients. Methods A cross-sectional study with 132 patients over 18 years of age on haemodialysis to evaluate nutritional status through Subjective Global Assessment. Information on traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors were obtained using a structured questionnaire; the Framingham score was also used to assess cardiovascular risk. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square Test or Fischer Exact Test and a Log-binomial Regression Model. Results Malnutrition affected 31.1% of patients. Among them, a higher percentage of smokers (p=0.016), former smokers (p=0.034) and diabetes Mellitus patients (p=0.001) were detected. Malnutrition was found to be 4.53 times more prevalent in diabetic individuals (95%CI: 1.99-10.27) and 2.26 times more prevalent among former smokers (95%CI: 1.04-4.95). Malnourished individuals exhibited a 4.03 times prevalence of moderate to severe cardiovascular risk. Conclusion A high prevalence of malnutrition and of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease were observed. Such factors included diabetes Mellitus, smoking and former smoker conditions and were associated with malnutrition. Inaddition, it was found that malnourished individuals were more likely to develop cardiovascular disease within 10 years.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of associations between normal body weight with central obesity and hyperuricemia in Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Akihiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Japanese Adults

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. However, the relationship between NWCO and hyperuricemia has not been studied in detail. Methods We investigated the association between NWCO and hyperuricemia among Japanese adults aged 40-64 years who had undergone periodic health examinations between April 2013 and March 2014. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2　and central obesity was determined as a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5. We classified the participants into the following groups based according to having obesity and central obesity: normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) without (NW; WHtR <0.5) and with (NWCO) central obesity, and obesity without (OB) and with (OBCO) central obesity. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid >7.0 and ≥6.0 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, or under medical treatment for hyperuricemia. Alcohol intake was classified as yes (daily and occasional consumption) and none (no alcohol consumption). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results We analyzed data derived from 96,863 participants (69,241 men and 27,622 women). The prevalences of hyperuricemia in men and women were respectively, 21.4% and 11.0%, and of participants with NWCO respectively 15.6% and 30.0%. The adjusted OR for hyperuricemia was significantly increased in OBCO compared with NW, regardless of sex (men: OR, 2.12; 95%CI; 2.03-2.21; women: OR, 3.54; 95%CI, 3.21-3.90) and were statistically significant in NWCO compared with NW (men: OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.36-1.52; women: OR, 1.41; 95%CI, 1.27-1.57). The results were similar regardless of alcohol consumption. Conclusions We found that NWCO and OBCO were associated with hyperuricemia in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Middle-aged Japanese adults with normal weight but having central obesity should be screened using a combination of BMI and WHtR and educated about how to prevent hyperuricemia.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDICES AMONG YOUNG PREHYPERTENSIVES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Deepika V ◽  
Vijaya Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

  Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the arterial stiffness indices and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in young prehypertensives.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried as a part of the medical health check-up program conducted on 150 students joining 1st year MBBS. Based on their blood pressure (BP) recordings they were classified as normotensives and prehypertensives. Arterial stiffness indices were assessed using finger photoplethysmography, and NLR was evaluated using automated hematological analyzer. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were performed using SPSS version 16 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Of the 150 subjects, 106 were recruited for the present study. Based on BP, they were grouped as normotensives (n=66) and prehypertensives (n=40). Arterial stiffness indices, namely, stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) reported a significant increase among the prehypertensive group with p=0.003 and p=0.002, respectively. SI and RI showed a positive correlation with systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI). NLR reported a significant increase in a prehypertensive group with p=0.03 but no correlation was found between NLR and arterial stiffness indices.Conclusion: Targeting the high-risk individuals, based on increased arterial stiffness, NLR, BMI and BP, for earlier lifestyle modifications could act as a potential preventive strategy to inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of associations between normal body weight with central obesity and hyperuricemia in Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Akihiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Japanese Adults

Abstract Background: Several studies have shown that normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. However, the relationship between NWCO and hyperuricemia has not been studied in detail. Methods: We investigated the association between NWCO and hyperuricemia among Japanese adults aged 40-64 years who had undergone periodic health examinations between April 2013 and March 2014. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2　and central obesity was determined as a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5. We classified the participants into the following groups based according to having obesity and central obesity: normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) without (NW; WHtR <0.5) and with (NWCO) central obesity, and obesity without (OB) and with (OBCO) central obesity. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid >7.0 and ≥6.0 mg/dL in men and women, respectively, or under medical treatment for hyperuricemia. Alcohol intake was classified as yes (daily and occasional consumption) and none (no alcohol consumption). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results: We analyzed data derived from 96,863 participants (69,241 men and 27,622 women). The prevalences of hyperuricemia in men and women were respectively, 21.4% and 11.0%, and of participants with NWCO respectively 15.6% and 30.0%. The adjusted OR for hyperuricemia was significantly increased in OBCO compared with NW, regardless of sex (men: OR, 2.12; 95%CI; 2.03-2.21; women: OR, 3.54; 95%CI, 3.21-3.90) and were statistically significant in NWCO compared with NW (men: OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.36-1.52; women: OR, 1.41; 95%CI, 1.27-1.57). The results were similar regardless of alcohol consumption. Conclusions: We found that NWCO and OBCO were associated with hyperuricemia in middle-aged Japanese men and women. Middle-aged Japanese adults with normal weight but having central obesity should be screened using a combination of BMI and WHtR and educated about how to prevent hyperuricemia.

scholarly journals Central Versus Peripheral Artery Stiffening and Cardiovascular Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Yu ◽  
Carmel M. McEniery
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Independent Determinant

The large elastic arteries fulfill an important role in buffering the cyclical changes in blood pressure, which result from intermittent ventricular ejection. With aging and accrual of cardiovascular risk factors, the elastic arteries stiffen, and this process holds a number of deleterious consequences for the cardiovascular system and major organs. Indeed, arterial stiffness is now recognized as an important, independent determinant of cardiovascular disease risk. Additional, important information concerning the mechanisms underlying arterial stiffening has come from longitudinal studies of arterial stiffness. More recently, attention has focused on the role of peripheral, muscular arteries in cardiovascular disease risk prediction and, in particular, the clinical consequences of reversal of the normal gradient of arterial stiffness between central and peripheral arteries, with aging and disease.

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