Thermoregulation is not impaired in breast cancer survivors during moderate‐intensity exercise performed in warm and hot environments

Objective cancer-related fatigue(CRF) is the most commonly reported and most distressing symptom in cancer patient.The purpose of this study was to review the effect of exercise intervention on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Methods From 1998 to 2018 in Chinese and English literature of Wanfang Database, Pubmed, SportDiscus and Springer databases, picked out the randomized controlled trials which up to standard. Keywords cancer, exercise, fatigue, etc. were used for systematic search and tracking. 12 experiments were reviewed to analyze the effect differences between exercise intervention and exercise-related fatigue. Results Most interventions use aerobic exercise as the primary form of exercise. Generally, exercise interventions are effective for cancer-related fatigue, but some findings are not. Many studies have shown that moderate intensity aerobic exercise has a significant effect on cancer-related fatigue, with 50-70% heart rate reserve and 3-5 times of exercise per week for at least 30 minutes each time. Exercise methods mainly include walking, yoga, cycling and tai chi. Firstly, Supervised aerobic exercise was statistically more effective than conventional care in improving CRF among breast cancer survivors. It has been shown that group-based, supervised exercise produces positive psychosocial‘side-effects’ due to social interactions, improved self-efficacy, and attention from a trainer. Secondly, Cancer fatigue is divided into acute and chronic fatigue, 18 weeks of exercise intervention can reduce the short-term fatigue, at 36 weeks, baseline levels of fatigue index responses and contrast on the issue of the multivariate statistics. Thirdly, usual-care group were reported that they had been actively engaged in regular exercise before study enrollment. During the exercise intervention, most studies on the control ways are according to the daily life or to take care of, but studies have reported, before intervention, to a high level of 40% in the control group often exercise, exercise also as usual during the intervention, which causes the control to the baseline level is higher, but the intervention group and control group will be difference, no significant difference, lead to the result is invalid. Conclusions First, the exercise intervention of cancer-related fatigue needs to be supervised; second, the exercise intervention is effective for short-term cancer-related fatigue; third, the daily exercise level of the control group will affect the intervention effect.

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Effects of Short-Term Unsupervised Exercise, Based on Smart Bracelet Monitoring, on Body Composition in Patients Recovering from Breast Cancer

Integrative Cancer Therapies ◽

10.1177/15347354211040780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 153473542110407

Author(s):

Liuqing Xu ◽

Changming Zhou ◽

Yiqun Ling ◽

Huiping Ding ◽

Qiong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Short Term

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of exercise, monitored and managed using smart bracelets, on body composition, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Methods: A before-and-after study was conducted in 109 patients who were in the recovery phase of breast cancer and attended the Breast Surgery Department of the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University up to December 2017. Patients were advised to adhere to at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, and a smart bracelet was issued to each participant to record their daily exercise data for 3 months. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to observe the effects of short-term unsupervised exercise intervention on body composition in patients recovering from breast cancer. Patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast to assess health-related quality of life. Results: Weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat mass index (FMI), percent body fat (PBF), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and visceral fat area (VFA) were lower than baseline after exercising for 3 months based on data from the wearable devices ( P < .05). The only significant improvement was found in the “additional concerns about breast cancer” category among the quality-of-life assessments ( P < .05). The average walking time was negatively associated with BFM, PBF, and FMI, while the average calorie consumption due to running was positively associated with fat free mass (FFM). Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that short-term exercise may be beneficial for postoperative breast cancer survivors. A wearable device could help patients track physical data easily and promote a healthier and more positive life.

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Concurrent Exercise Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivors with Cancer-related Fatigue

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1147-1513 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Itiziar Pagola ◽

Javier S. Morales ◽

Lidia B. Alejo ◽

Olga Barcelo ◽

Marta Montil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Training Program ◽

High Intensity ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Concurrent Training ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Cancer Related Fatigue ◽

Intensity Training

AbstractThis study compared the effects of two supervised concurrent training interventions in breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue at baseline. Twenty-three female breast cancer survivors (50±8 years) were randomized to a high- (n=13) or a moderate-intensity (n=10) training program. Both interventions lasted 16 weeks and included the same resistance exercises, but the aerobic component was supervised and more intense in the former (i.e., rating of perceived exertion of 7–8 vs. 6 on a 1–10 scale for the high and moderate-intensity intervention, respectively). The primary endpoint was fatigue perception. Endpoints were assessed at baseline and after 16 weeks. The p-value for statistical significance was set at 0.004 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The high-intensity training program increased lower-limb muscle strength significantly (p=0.002) and tended to improve fatigue perception (p=0.006), waist circumference (p=0.013), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.028) and some quality of life items (p=0.011). Although the moderate-intensity training program did not provide such benefits in general (i.e., higher p-values for pre vs post-intervention comparisons), no significant differences were found between interventions (all p>0.004). Further research is needed to elucidate if the benefits provided by high-intensity concurrent training are superior to those elicited by moderate-intensity training in breast cancer survivors.

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Role of Adjuvant and Posttreatment Exercise Programs in Breast Health

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network ◽

10.6004/jnccn.2011.0020 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Ligibel

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Early Stage ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Cancer Society ◽

Breast Cancer Death

Growing evidence suggests that physical activity may be an important part of survivorship care for women with a history of breast cancer. Observational evidence suggests that women who are physically active after breast cancer diagnosis have a 30% to 50% lower risk of breast cancer recurrence, breast cancer death, and overall death compared with sedentary individuals. Although randomized controlled trials have not been performed to test the ability of exercise to improve outcomes in women with early-stage breast cancer, many small intervention studies have shown the safety and potential benefits of exercise in the adjuvant and posttreatment settings. These studies have shown that physical activity can be performed safely both during and after adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, and that women who increase physical activity in these settings experience improvements in fitness, strength, quality of life, and other end points. Although more research is needed to fully define the role of exercise in breast cancer survivors, the many proven benefits of physical activity have led the American Cancer Society and American College of Sports Medicine to encourage regular participation in moderate-intensity recreational activity for most breast cancer survivors. This article reviews the growing evidence that exercise could be an important part of breast cancer survivorship, and describes current exercise guidelines for breast cancer survivors.

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Mediators of a Randomized Controlled Physical Activity Intervention for Breast Cancer Survivors

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.28.3.269 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 269-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Carolyn Rabin ◽

Bernardine M. Pinto ◽

Georita M. Frierson

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Future Research ◽

Intervention Effects ◽

Randomized Controlled

Physical activity (PA) interventions diminish some of the physical and psychosocial sequelae of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. To increase intervention efficacy and portability, it is necessary to determine the factors mediating intervention effects on physical and psychosocial outcomes. This study presents mediator analyses from a randomized controlled trial of a home-based PA intervention (focused primarily on brisk walking) for breast cancer survivors. Eighty-six survivors were randomized to PA or contact control groups (mean age = 53.42 years, SD = 9.08 and 52.86 years, SD = 10.38 respectively; mean time since diagnosis < 2 years). The PA intervention was based on the transtheoretical model (TTM). Kraemerʼs approach was used to test hypothesized mediators. TTM variables did not mediate intervention effects on PA. Data indicate that increases in moderate-intensity PA and improved fitness may mediate intervention effects on vigor (β = .21; p = .01) and fatigue (β = .24; p = .05) and suggest the value of future research on these potential mediators.

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Effects of a short-term differently dosed aerobic exercise on maximum aerobic capacity in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp101117004b ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 237-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zorica Brdareski ◽

Aleksandar Djurovic ◽

Snezana Susnjar ◽

Mirjana Zivotic-Vanovic ◽

Andjelka Ristic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Subjective Feeling ◽

Randomized Clinical Study ◽

The Impact

Background/Aim. Regular physical activity and exercise improves quality of life and possibly reduces risk of disease relapse and prolongs survival in breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 3-week moderate intensity aerobic training, on aerobic capacity (VO2max) in breast cancer survivors. Methods. A prospective, randomized clinical study included 18 female breast cancer survivors in stage I-IIIA, in which the primary treatment was accomplished at least 3 months before the study inclusion. In all the patients VO2max was estimated using the Astrand?s protocol on a bicycle-ergometer (before and after 3 weeks of training), while subjective assessment of exertion during training were estimated by the Category-Ratio RPE Scale. Each workout lasted 21 minutes: 3 minutes for warmup and cool-down each and 15 min of full training, 2 times a week. The workload in the group E1 was predefined at the level of 45% to 65% of individual VO2max, and in the group E2 it was based on subjective evaluation of exertion, at the level marked 4-6. Data on the subjective feeling of exertion were collected after each training course in both groups. Results. We recorded a statistically significant improvement in VO2max in both groups (E1 - 11.86%; E2 - 17.72%), with no significant differences between the groups. The workload level, determined by the percent of VO2max, was different between the groups E1 and E2 (50.47 ? 7.02% vs 55.58 ? 9.58%), as well as subjective perception of exertion (in the groups E1 and E2, 11.6% and 41.6% of training, respectively, was graded in the mark 6). Conclusion. In our group of breast cancer survivors, a 3-week moderate intensity aerobic training significantly improved the level of VO2max.

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Effects of an Evidence-based Exercise Intervention on Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Asian Journal of Kinesiology ◽

10.15758/ajk.2020.22.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Junga Lee ◽

Florence Vicil

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Strength Exercise

OBJECTIVES The number of breast cancer survivors throughout the world has increased. Breast cancer survivors need to know how to exercise to improve their clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to find the effects of an evidence-based combined exercise intervention on the fitness levels of breast cancer survivors.METHODS A total of 38 female breast cancer survivors were randomly assigned to an exercise group (n=19) or a control group who did usual care (n=19). Subjects in the exercise group participated eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and bodyweight strength exercise three times per week. Weight, body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness, handgrip strength, and flexibility were measured to assess the effects of the exercise intervention.RESULTS Women who completed the exercise intervention had decreased weight and BMI and increased cardiorespiratory fitness, handgrip strength, and flexibility.CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer survivors had improved health outcomes. A combined exercise intervention of moderate intensity three times per week for eight weeks can help breast cancer survivors improve their health. Participating in aerobic exercise and bodyweight strength exercise, which provide dynamic movements and use large muscle groups with no equipment, can help increase physical fitness levels of breast cancer survivors.

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Physiological and psychosocial effects of a highly structured exercise program on breast cancer survivorship.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 11558-11558

Author(s):

Judy A. Tjoe ◽

Linda B. Piacentine ◽

Jun Yin ◽

Paula Papanek ◽

Alexander V. Ng

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Training Program ◽

Body Mass ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Breast Cancer Treatment ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Psychosocial Effects ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise

11558 Background: Exercise after breast cancer treatment improves cancer-related outcomes, although the mechanism of action is unclear. Engagement in healthy active lifestyles after cancer treatment may also impact overall survival. We aimed to determine effectiveness of a highly structured, clinically overseen, goal oriented, group triathlon training program on improving physiological and psychosocial outcomes in female breast cancer survivors (BCS). Methods: After stage appropriate local and systemic breast cancer treatment, 53 female BCS were recruited to participate in this study. The 14-week group triathlon training program was individually adjusted for treatment side effects. 28 similar BCS who did not participate in the training served as controls. Pre- and post-exercise training measures included: Functional endurance (Timed 6MWT), quality of life (QOL, FACT-B), cancer-related fatigue (CRF, FACIT-F), exercise self-efficacy (ESE) via questionnaires, estradiol, and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, TNFr1, leptin and adiponectin). Results: Complete data were obtained from 41 [mean age 51 (7) yr, mean BMI 29.5 (6.2)] triathlon finishers and 16 [mean age 56 (10) yr, mean BMI 31.5 (8.0)] controls. 6MWT improved (26 m) more in the triathlon group (p < 0.05). FACT-B, FACIT-F, and ESE all improved compared to controls (all p < 0.05). Body mass and BMI decreased in the training group compared to controls (p = 0.01, p = 0.04 respectively). Arm circumference decreased in the trained group but increased in controls (p < 0.05). Estradiol and leptin positively correlated with initial body weight in both groups but did not change after training. Adiponectin significantly decreased in the triathlon group (p = 0.01), perhaps due to selection bias of controls. No significant changes were seen in other serological markers. Conclusions: A highly structured, clinically overseen, moderate intensity exercise program can improve endurance, QOL, CRF, body mass, and possibly improve survival after breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, improvements in ESE may provide tools for patients to continue adherence to regular exercise guidelines that may lower obesity and its related comorbidities, including arm lymphedema.

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Practice and Outcome of Exercise Intervention on Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors in Nigeria

Archives of Breast Cancer ◽

10.32768/abc.202183174-182 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174-182

Author(s):

Linda C Odikpo ◽

Edith N Chiejina

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Intervention

Background: Lifestyle modification like exercise is an essential rehabilitation measure that improves the quality of life (QoL) of women with breast cancer and helps in preventing cancer related complications. This study assessed the practice and outcome of exercise interventions on breast cancer-specific quality of life of survivors in Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: Experimental design was applied with intervention (47) and control (47) groups. This design involved a pre-test, an intervention, and a post-test. Exercise intervention (aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercises, including warm-up with Swiss ball and dance, climbing of stairs, treadmill, stationary exercise bicycle, shoulder, and arm exercises) was administered to the intervention group for twelve weeks. The assessment of breast cancer survivors' specific quality of life in the two groups was done with the English version of The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ- EORTC-BR23) before and after the exercise intervention. Results: The overall pre and post-intervention breast cancer-specific functional quality of life was 65.4±22.7 (intervention group); 71.3±23.4 (control group) and 75.05 ±10.4 (intervention group); 58.65±12.9 (control group) while the pre and post breast cancer-specific symptoms QoL was 22.2±6.2 (intervention group); 24.1±9.6 (control group) and 11.8±13.0 (intervention group); 30.9±21.2 (control group), respectively. All the women in the intervention group practiced exercise only at mild/moderate intensity and no notable side effects were observed during the practice by many of them (n=39). Significant differences existed in the overall post-intervention breast cancer-specific functional and symptoms QoL between the two groups (p<0.001) and no significant differences were observed among most of the specific QoL scales in relation to age, duration of diagnosis, and stage of the cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: Exercise remains beneficial to women with breast cancer and has proven to be one of the necessary means to improve their overall well-being. Therefore, healthcare providers that manage these patients in different hospitals should always counsel and support them to initiate the recommended exercises for cancer survivors to enhance their survival.

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