The role of endophenocognitypes in cognitive performance

AbstractEye contact is a crucial aspect of social interactions that may enhance an individual’s cognitive performance (i.e. the eye contact effect) or hinder it (i.e. face-to-face interference effect). In this paper, I focus on the influence of eye contact on cognitive performance in tasks engaging executive functions. I present a hypothesis as to why some individuals benefit from eye contact while others do not. I propose that the relations between eye contact and executive functioning are modulated by an individual’s autonomic regulation and reactivity and self-regulation of attention. In particular, I propose that individuals with more optimal autonomic regulation and reactivity, and more effective self-regulation of attention benefit from eye contact. Individuals who are less well regulated and over- or under-reactive and who do not employ effective strategies of self-regulation of attention may not benefit from eye contact and may perform better when eye contact is absent. I present some studies that justify the proposed hypothesis and point to a method that could be employed to test them. This approach could help to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying the individual differences in participant’s cognitive performance during tasks engaging executive functions.

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Insomnia symptom severity and cognitive performance: Moderating role of APOE genotype

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1002/alz.12405 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrée‐Ann Baril ◽

Alexa S. Beiser ◽

Erlan Sanchez ◽

Vincent Mysliwiec ◽

Susan Redline ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Insomnia Symptom ◽

Moderating Role

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The role of lipoprotein profile in depression and cognitive performance: a network analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77782-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qiu-fang Jia ◽

Han-xue Yang ◽

Nan-nan Zhuang ◽

Xu-yuan Yin ◽

Zhen-hua Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Network Analysis ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Profile ◽

Depressive State

AbstractLipid profile (total cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions) has been found to correlate with depression and cognitive impairment across the lifespan. However, the role of lipid levels in self-rated depressive state and cognitive impairment remains unclear. In this study, we examined the relationship between lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and cognition in adults with and without self-rated depression. Four hundred and thirty-eight healthy participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and a serum lipoprotein test. Using multivariate ANOVA, partial correlation and network analysis, a network linking lipoprotein profile, depressive state and cognition was constructed. A significant difference in serum lipid profile between the high and low depressive groups was detected. Depressive state had a strong negative correlation with cognitive performance. Of the lipid profile, only high-density lipoprotein was positively correlated with depressive symptom severity, whereas the other three indices showed negative correlation with both depressive state and cognitive performance. Our results suggest that serum lipid profile may be directly linked to self-rated depression and cognitive performance. Further studies recruiting larger clinical samples are needed to elucidate the specific effect of lipoprotein on cognitive impairment in mood disorder.

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Effect of Cocoa and Cocoa Products on Cognitive Performance in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3691

Author(s):

María Angeles Martín ◽

Luis Goya ◽

Sonia de Pascual-Teresa

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Blood Oxygenation ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Randomized Controlled Studies ◽

Cocoa Products ◽

Cocoa Flavanols

Increasing evidence support a beneficial role of cocoa and cocoa products on human cognition, particularly in aging populations and patients at risk. However, thorough reviews on the efficacy of cocoa on brain processes in young adults do not exist precisely due to the limited number of studies in the matter. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the findings on the acute and chronic effects of cocoa administration on cognitive functions and brain health in young adults. Web of Science and PubMed databases were used to search for relevant trials. Human randomized controlled studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven intervention studies that involved a total of 366 participants investigating the role of cocoa on cognitive performance in children and young adults (average age ≤25 years old) were finally selected. Findings from individual studies confirm that acute and chronic cocoa intake have a positive effect on several cognitive outcomes. After acute consumption, these beneficial effects seem to be accompanied with an increase in cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood oxygenation. After chronic intake of cocoa flavanols in young adults, a better cognitive performance was found together with increased levels of neurotrophins. This systematic review further supports the beneficial effect of cocoa flavanols on cognitive function and neuroplasticity and indicates that such benefits are possible in early adulthood.

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Dietary and genetic compromise in folate availability reduces acetylcholine, cognitive performance and increases aggression: Critical role of S-adenosyl methionine

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/bf02982630 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 252-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

A. Chan ◽

F. Tchantchou ◽

V. Graves ◽

R. Rozen ◽

T. B. Shea

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Critical Role ◽

Adenosyl Methionine

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The role of cognitive “performance orientation” in communication anxiety

Communication Quarterly ◽

10.1080/01463379309369879 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 198-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melanie Booth‐Butterfield ◽

Steve Booth‐Butterfield

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Performance Orientation ◽

Communication Anxiety

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Motivation as a Mediator of the Relation Between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Performance

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gby144 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 1199-1205

Author(s):

Fanny Vallet ◽

Nathalie Mella ◽

Andreas Ihle ◽

Marine Beaudoin ◽

Delphine Fagot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Life Span ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Global Measure ◽

Interindividual Differences

Abstract Objectives Interindividual differences in cognitive aging may be explained by differences in cognitive reserve (CR) that are built up across the life span. A plausible but underresearched mechanism for these differences is that CR helps compensating cognitive decline by enhancing motivation to cope with challenging cognitive situations. Theories of motivation on cognition suggest that perceived capacity and intrinsic motivation may be key mediators in this respect. Method In 506 older adults, we assessed CR proxies (education, occupation, leisure activities), motivation (perceived capacity, intrinsic motivation), and a global measure of cognitive functioning. Results Perceived capacity, but not intrinsic motivation, significantly mediated the relation between CR and cognitive performance. Discussion Complementary with neurobiological and cognitive processes, our results suggest a more comprehensive view of the role of motivational aspects built up across the life span in determining differences in cognitive performance in old age.

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