Street segment, Frisco, Texas

The Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Keyword(s):  
Street Segment

scholarly journals A Multi-Level Analysis of Risky Streets and Neighbourhoods for Dissident Republican Violence in Belfast

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Zoe Marchment ◽  
Michael J. Frith ◽  
John Morrison ◽  
Paul Gill
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Small Area Level ◽  
Network Usage ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Relationship

This paper uses graph theoretical measures to analyse the relationship between street network usage, as well as other street- and area-level factors, and dissident Republican violence in Belfast. A multi-level statistical model is used. Specifically, we employ an observation-level random-effects (OLRE) Poisson regression and use variables at the street and area levels. Street- and area-level characteristics simultaneously influence where violent incidents occur. For every 10% change in the betweenness value of a street segment, the segment is expected to experience 1.32 times as many incidents. Police stations (IRR: 22.05), protestant churches (IRR: 6.19) and commercial premises (IRR: 1.44) on each street segment were also all found to significantly increase the expected number of attacks. At the small-area level, for every 10% change in the number of Catholic residents, the number of incidents is expected to be 4.45 times as many. The results indicate that along with other factors, the street network plays a role in shaping terrorist target selection. Streets that are more connected and more likely to be traversed will experience more incidents than those that are not. This has important practical implications for the policing of political violence in Northern Ireland generally and for shaping specific targeted interventions.

Modeling Car Drivers’ On-Street Parking Decisions using the Integrated Hierarchical Information Integration Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (49) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annum Khaliq ◽  
Peter van der Waerden ◽  
Davy Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
The Road ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hierarchical Information Integration

Rising issues in urbanization and transportation urge municipalities to optimize the use of on-street parking spaces in order to meet local needs and complement the role of available off-street parking. In this paper car drivers’ parking decisions have been investigated using a stated choice experiment, based on the method of integrated hierarchical information integration. According to this approach, a large set of parking related attributes and attribute levels are grouped into two higher order decision constructs, which are presented as hypothetical street segments. The respondents were asked if they would park their car in the street segment with the listed attributes. The collected data is used to estimate the parameters of a standard multinomial logit model. This study differs from previous studies as a large range of attributes is examined, including the parking situation and the road conditions in a street segment along with some features of off-street parking facilities present in the vicinity of the street segment. The results indicate that the contextual variables such as ‘walking distance to destination’ and ‘parking cost’ are key attributes that car drivers consider while making on-street parking decisions, while street-level attributes such as ‘occupancy,’‘security,’ and ‘surrounding activities’ seem to have only a minor impact. The study concludes with an outlook of how these insights into car drivers’ parking choice process can be used by local authorities to reduce cruising in urban areas. Moreover, these findings can be integrated in multi-agent systems to investigate car drivers’ movements in urban areas.

Lowering Bicycle Stress One Link at a Time: Where Should We Invest in Infrastructure?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (36) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Moran ◽  
William Tsay ◽  
Sean Lawrence ◽  
Gregory R. Krykewycz
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Computational Optimization ◽  
Ranked List ◽  
Road Segments

This paper presents a new, regional-scale application of low-stress bicycle connectivity analysis. While prior network-based analyses have focused on the overall improvement in connectivity that could be achieved by implementing a package of projects from a comprehensive bike plan, the purpose of this project was to wholly evaluate potential improvements in connectivity through individual improvements at the street segment level. Using scripts and database tools, levels of traffic stress were assigned to the road network. Incorporating numerous computational optimization measures, shortest paths were calculated between millions of origin and destination pairs to identify the road segments that could most benefit low-stress connectivity. The resulting ranked list of links providing the greatest connectivity benefit allows planners to more efficiently prioritize locations for further investigation and analysis.

scholarly journals A Review on Multicommodity Urban Evacuation Problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Gopal Prasad Acharya ◽  
Shree Ram Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
The State ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
Traffic Routing ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Evacuation Traffic

Urban evacuation regards as a critical course of action that helps to re-locate the maximum number of people and property from the disaster zone of the urban area to the safe zone within the shortest possible time. Multi-commodity urban evacuation problem (MCUEP) explores and identifies the re-construction of the traffic routes to be followed in evacuation with the mobility of two or more types of the vehicles allowing two way streets. The idea of the paper is to introduce a multi-commodity urban evacuation traffic routing modeling with the bus commodity and the vehicle commodity in the street segment and intersection segment where the crossing and merging cannot be prohibited. The evacuation is made effective by sending and re-sending the buses (if necessary) and using the personal vehicles for once. The paper will give a review of MCUEP as the state of the art basically designed as a mixed integer model functioning as the remedy of the shortcomings of one-way evacuation model and put forwards a brief discussion of the solution approaches.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 21, Issue 1, August 2016, page: 19-27

scholarly journals Commuter Mobility Patterns in Social Media: Correlating Twitter and LODES Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Andreas Petutschnig ◽  
Jochen Albrecht ◽  
Bernd Resch ◽  
Laxmi Ramasubramanian ◽  
Aleisha Wright
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Twitter Data

The Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) are an important city planning resource in the USA. However, curating these statistics is resource-intensive, and their accuracy deteriorates when changes in population and urban structures lead to shifts in commuter patterns. Our study area is the San Francisco Bay area, and it has seen rapid population growth over the past years, which makes frequent updates to LODES or the availability of an appropriate substitute desirable. In this paper, we derive mobility flows from a set of over 40 million georeferenced tweets of the study area and compare them with LODES data. These tweets are publicly available and offer fine spatial and temporal resolution. Based on an exploratory analysis of the Twitter data, we pose research questions addressing different aspects of the integration of LODES and Twitter data. Furthermore, we develop methods for their comparative analysis on different spatial scales: at the county, census tract, census block, and individual street segment level. We thereby show that Twitter data can be used to approximate LODES on the county level and on the street segment level, but it also contains information about non-commuting-related regular travel. Leveraging Twitter’s high temporal resolution, we also show how factors like rush hour times and weekends impact mobility. We discuss the merits and shortcomings of the different methods for use in urban planning and close with directions for future research avenues.

scholarly journals Identifying Culs-De-Sac Courtyard Neighbourhoods In Shah Alam

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Anniz Fazli Ibrahim Bajunid ◽  
Mohamed Yusoff Abbas ◽  
Abdul Hadi Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Process Procedures ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Map Analysis ◽  
Open Access Article

Culs-de-sac in Shah Alam, have begun to take centre stage, especially in the high-end neighbourhood developments. Typically, these neighbourhoods can be easily identified. However, in contrast to developed nations, the local municipality has yet to begin identifying neighbourhood typologies. This paper endeavors to elucidate a sampling or identification process procedures of the cul-de-sac neighbourhood. The cul-de-sac was identified by observing intersection connectivity, link-node ratios, as well as street segment analysis; an assimilation of techniques used in recent western methodologies. Scaled macro to micro map analysis aligned sequentially in sieves, allow for identification of specific cul-de-sac syntax; one in particular is the cul-de-sac courtyards. Keywords: Cul-de-sac courtyards; neighbourhood identification; cul-de-sac syntax; way of life; Tessellation Planning eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.  

This must be the place (to commit a crime). Testing the law of crime concentration in Milan, Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Favarin
Keyword(s):  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
Law Of Crime Concentration ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

The dense distribution of crime in a small number of micro places led to the formulation of a law of crime concentration applicable across cities and stable over time. This law has rarely been tested in Europe and has never been tested in Italy. In addition, there is a lack of extensive knowledge about its determinants. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to test the presence and the stability of crime concentration in a different urban context and to explain this concentration. A street segment analysis and a group-based trajectory analysis were conducted to test the presence and the stability of crime concentration in the city of Milan (Italy), and negative binomial regression models were run to understand the main determinants of this concentration. The findings confirm the presence of crime concentration at street segment level, but only a few segments can be considered to be highly criminogenic over time. Social disorganization factors play an important role in explaining crime concentration, even though opportunity factors also coincide in this explanation. Despite their differences, cities around the world share the same crime concentration. The generalization of these findings is an important step in the development of common knowledge. Nevertheless, in Milan only a few segments are chronic hot spots. The stability pattern in the city needs to be further analysed using different methods. A theoretical integration approach considering both situational and social disorganization factors is promising in understanding why crime occurs in urban areas.

scholarly journals Biking Where Black: Connecting Transportation Planning and Infrastructure to Disproportionate Policing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Street Segment ◽  
Traffic Enforcement ◽  
Safety Strategies ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Bicycle Injury ◽  
Black And Latino

This study asks whether deficiencies in transportation are associated with disproportionate policing in Chicago using the case of cycling. I examine how the number of bicycle citations issued per street segment are influenced by the availability of bicycle facilities and street characteristics, controlling for crash incidence, police presence, and neighborhood characteristics. Tickets were issued 8 times more often per capita in majority Black tracts and 3 times more often in majority Latino tracts compared to majority white tracts. More tickets were issued on major streets, but up to 85% fewer were issued when those streets had bike facilities, which were less prevalent in Black and Latino neighborhoods. Tickets were not associated with bicycle injury-crashes and inversely associated with vehicle injury-crashes. Infrastructure inequities compound the effects of racially-biased policing in the context of transportation safety strategies. Remedies include the removal of traffic enforcement from safe systems strategies and equitable investment in cycling.

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