scholarly journals Neogene wetland vegetation based on a leaf assemblage from the Bełchatów Lignite Mine (Central Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Worobiec ◽  
Adam Szynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Lignite Mine ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract Well-preserved leaf macroremains collected in the Bełchatów Lignite Mine (Central Poland) were investigated. Fossil leaves of Acer, Dicotylophyllum, Fagus, Eucommia, Laria, Laurophyllum, Liquidambar, Pinus, Populus, Pterocarya, Quercus, Salix, Salvinia, Taxodium, Ulmus, Vitis, and Zelkova, and fossil fruit of Eucommia were found in fossil assemblage KRAM-P 218 formed in a fluvial sedimentary environment. The fossil assemblage is dominated by plant remains of riparian vegetation of bottomland hardwood forest type. Some taxa point to the presence of mesophytic upland communities. The floristic composition points to warm temperate climate with mild winters, comparable to Cfa type (warm temperate, fully humid with hot summer) in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Mean annual temperature of 13.5-16.5°C was reconstructed by the coexistence approach method. Middle to late Miocene age (late Sarmatian to early Pannonian) is suggested for the plant-bearing deposits.

scholarly journals Late Neogene leaf assemblage from Bełchatów Lignite Mine (central Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Worobiec
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Lignite Mine ◽  
Late Neogene

Abstract Leaf macroremains collected in the Bełchatów Lignite Mine (central Poland) were investigated. The fossil assemblage consists of leaves of Acer, Betula, Carpinus, Dicotylophyllum, Fagus, ?Magnolia, “Parrotia”, Pinus, Quercus, and Zelkova. Mesophytic (zonal) elements dominate, with admixture of riparian (azonal) leaf taxa. The floristic composition points to late Neogene (late Miocene to late Pliocene) age and suggests favourable temperate climate with mild winters.

Evaluation of the allergenicity of various types of urban parks in a warm temperate climate zone

Aerobiologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kasprzyk ◽  
T. Wójcik ◽  
P. Cariñanos ◽  
K. Borycka ◽  
A. Ćwik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Parks ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Temperate Climate Zone

scholarly journals Zbiorowiska chwastów segetalnych Równiny Piotrkomskiej i ich współczesne przemiany w związku z intensyfikacja, rolnictwa (Mezoregion Nizin Środkowopolskich) [Communities of segetal weeds of the Piotrkdw plain and their contemporary transformations in connection with the intensification of agriculture Central Polish Lowland Mesoregion)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula A. Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ecological Characteristic ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Segetal Communities

The work is a monograph of the regional vegetation accompanying crop plants in one of the most interesting mesoregions of central Poland. The standing phytosociological and ecological characteristic is given of 18 communities of segetal weeds against the natural conditions and changes in soil cultivation. On the basis of ecological and floristic analyses some regularities were established concerning: the structure and floristic composition of segetal communities, their dynamics distribution and spread, and the directions and extent of the contemporary transformations of these communities, due to the activity of man.

scholarly journals Vegetation and climate from Late Quaternary Thimi Formation (Phaidhoka Section), Bhaktapur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Deepak Banjade ◽  
Kabir Sharma ◽  
Khum N. Paudayal
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
Deltaic Deposit ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

The Thimi Formation is fluvio-deltaic deposit that constitutes the uppermost part of the sedimentary sequence in the Kathmandu Basin, and is featured by carbonaceous and diatomaceous clay, silty clay, silt, fine to medium grained sand beds, and thin to medium lignite beds. The Phaidhoka Section is located on the way to Nala from Chyamasingh, and is one of the major exposures of the Thimi Formation. Forty four samples were collected from 25 m thick surface exposure for palynological study. The study revealed the dominance of gymnosperm over the angiosperm and herbaceous members. The pollen diagram suggested Pinus, Picea and Quercus as the most dominant trees whereas Poaceae is other dominant among the grasses. Three major pollen assemblage zones were marked in the Thimi Formation. Zone P-I indicated warm temperate climate, whereas zone P-II and P-III indicated cold temperate climate. Molluscan operculum in the upper part indicated shallow water condition. The Bovid molars, limb and pelvic bones from the middle part of the section confirm the early findings of molar bones in this area.

Optical properties of traditional clay tiles for ventilated roofs and implication on roof thermal performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Di Giuseppe ◽  
Simona Sabbatini ◽  
Nikita Cozzolino ◽  
Pierluigi Stipa ◽  
Marco D’Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Indoor Comfort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clay Tiles ◽  
Warm Temperate

A remarkable advantage of clay tiles roof coverings in hot climates is the realization of a ventilated air layer between them and the roofing underlay that allows a natural and forced convection through the tiles joints and the channel from eaves to ridge, thus cooling the roof materials. However recently, in many countries, regulatory developments on buildings energy efficiency or buildings sustainability certification protocols are increasingly encouraging the use of alternative strategies, with the aim of reducing the urban heat island (UHI) effect and the buildings’ cooling consumptions. Among them, the use of ‘cool’ materials for roof covering. These mandatory or voluntary measures de facto push the construction products market towards specific directions, risking penalizing traditional components such as clay tiles. This article reports the results of experimental and numerical activities carried out in order to extensively characterize the optical properties of clay tile materials and investigate their impact, also coupled with above sheathing ventilation, on the thermal performance of a ventilated roof under warm-temperate climate. In the first phase of the research, the main optical properties of over 30 different clay products have been experimentally characterized in order to get a clear and extensive picture of such properties for the materials spread in the market. In a second phase, starting from the thermal data collected on an experimental real-scale building, a dynamic energy analysis tool was calibrated and used to perform simulations by varying the optical properties of the roof covering thus assessing the impact on the roof temperatures, also in comparison to a clay tiles roof. The results underline that the use of the above sheathing ventilation obtained through clay tiles is an effective strategy to reduce roof temperatures, even if covering materials are not qualified as ‘cool’, thus impacting on both UHI and indoor comfort.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two earth–air heat exchangers efficiency of different pipe materials within a warm temperate climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Mohammed Cherif LEKHAL ◽  
Abderahmane Mejedoub MOKHTARI ◽  
Rafik BELARBI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Performance ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
The North ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Warm Temperate

The Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) system was used for many years for both primary heating and cooling applications, especially in the building sector. Its energy performance can be influenced by three principal factors: the EAHE pipe material, the airflow rate, the soil characteristics and the moisture content. The state of the art shows a divergence about the effect of the pipe material on the performance of the EAHE. The aim of this study is to provide an adequate response to this problematic based on experimental analysis. In this regard, we tested two EAHEX of different materials: PVC and Zinc. The comparative study was conducted under a warm temperate climate in the north of Algeria. The data analyses showed that the pipe material can significantly affect the EAHE performance during periods when the EAHE passes from heating to cooling mode. Furthermore, the air outlet temperature differences provided by EAHE Zinc and those of PVC up to about 7.5°C.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Comparing and ranking soil drought indices performance over Europe, through remote-sensing of vegetation

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peled ◽  
E. Dutra ◽  
P. Viterbo ◽  
A. Angert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract. In the past years there have been many attempts to produce and improve global soil-moisture datasets and drought indices. However, comparing and validating these various datasets is not straightforward. Here, interannual variations in drought indices are compared to interannual changes in vegetation, as captured by NDVI. By comparing the correlations of the different indices with NDVI we evaluated which drought index describes most realistically the actual changes in vegetation. Strong correlation between NDVI and the drought indices were found in areas that are classified as warm temperate climate with hot or warm dry summers. In these areas we ranked the PDSI, PSDI-SC, SPI3, and NSM indices, based on the interannual correlation with NDVI, and found that NSM outperformed the rest. Using this best performing index, and the ICA (Independent Component Analysis) technique, we analyzed the response of vegetation to temperature and soil-moisture stresses over Europe.

Activity times and body temperature in Australian copperheads (Serpentes : Elapidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef H. Rohr ◽  
Brian S. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Activity Times

Local climatic conditions influence the way in which ectotherms regulate their body temperature and activity. We examined correlations between local climatic conditions, body temperature and activity in adult, basking lowland copperheads (Austrelaps superbus) from two localities (warm-temperate versus cool-temperate) in south-eastern Australia. We also collected data from highland copperheads (Austrelaps ramsayi) at a locality with cold-temperate climate. We found that across the active season, mean body temperatures were similar among localities (approximately 27˚C) irrespective of species. In contrast, activity times differed. Cool-temperate A. superbus emerged earlier in spring and in the morning and retreated earlier in the evening and in autumn than their conspecifics from the warm-temperate locality. Spring emergence was correlated with yearly fluctuations in thermal conditions, suggesting that activity times depend on environmental temperatures. Predator–prey interactions influenced body temperature and activity to some extent in spring when warm-temperate A. superbus with relatively low body temperatures (as low as 18.5˚C) were captured around ponds in which they had been foraging for frogs. Austrelaps ramsayi from the cold-temperate locality not only displayed a later emergence in spring and reduced daily activity times compared with warm and cool-temperate A. superbus but also compared with A. ramsayi, as reported from a warmer locality in eastern Australia. These data indicate that activity times vary on a geographic basis while snake body temperatures largely remain inflexible. The surprising exception was that cold-temperate A. ramsayi retreated later in autumn than cool-temperate A. superbus, and at that time they showed body temperatures as low as 12.5˚C, well below those we had recorded for A. superbus. We suggest that A. ramsayi retreat later in autumn because they need to extend their reproductive season and that this is mediated via adaptive changes in the critical minimum body temperature, as has been reported for other snakes.

scholarly journals Radiosity from Individual Urban Landscape Elements Measured Using a Modified Low-Cost Temperature Sensor

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Jane Loveday ◽  
Grant K. Loveday ◽  
Joshua J. Byrne ◽  
Boon-lay Ong ◽  
Gregory M. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Warm Temperate

Loss of green space in our suburban environment is contributing to increased urban heat. The material properties of surface treatments or landscape elements (LEs) are a determining factor in the amount, timing, and type of radiation present in the local environment. Landscape designers can use this information to better design for urban heat management, as emitted and reflected radiation (radiosity) from LEs can affect pedestrians via heat stress and glare and affect energy usage in buildings and houses if the landscape sky view factor is low. Low-cost black painted iButton temperature sensors were successfully used as radiometers to concurrently measure the daytime radiosity from 19 LEs samples located on an oval in the warm temperate climate of Perth, (Australia). Normalisation against gloss white paint on polystyrene removed the effect of varying weather conditions. Each LE had the same normalised average radiosity (DRav) between seasons (within ±5%), meaning the relative radiosity of new LEs can be measured on any day. White and lighter coloured LEs had the highest DRav and would have the most detrimental effect on nearby objects. Plants and moist LEs had the least DRav and would be most beneficial for managing local daytime urban heat. Measuring relative radiosity with iButtons presents a new way to examine the effect of LEs on the urban environment.

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