scholarly journals Additional Glacial Relicts in Carei Plain Natural Protected Area, North-Western Romania

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Paul-Marian Szatmari
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Area North ◽  
Glacial Refuge

Abstract This paper presents new scientific data on the spread of mountain elements in the plains of the northwestern part of Romania, species that managed to survive in this area since the last glacial period. Previous studies revealed that the northwestern part of Romania does not exhibit vegetation specific to the region of forest steppe, hills or low mountain areas, as expected. Many species common to mountainous regions were previously observed not only in Carei Plain, but also in Ier Plain, Tur Plain, Tăşnad Hills or Oaş region across Satu Mare, Bihor and Sălaj counties. The same observations were made in other parts of Carei Plain in Hungary, and conclusions were drawn that the area was a glacial refuge. On the Hungarian side of the Carei Plain, the ecosystems were also better preserved comparative to the Romanian side, where most of the natural ecosystems of the Carei Plain were destroyed due to the conversion to agricultural land starting with the 19th century and culminating in the communist period during the 20th century. The study is also intended to be a complement to the data on "Natura 2000" sites, whose goal is the protection of biodiversity in Europe along with their conservation in the most favorable conditions. An update of these sites is becoming increasingly necessary since in recent decades they have been greatly impacted by human activities.

scholarly journals Features of the Spatial Spread of Rabies in the Conditions of Mountain RELIEFS of South Siberia (Republic of Altai)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
I. D. Zarva ◽  
L. D. Shchuchinova ◽  
S. A. Chalchikov ◽  
A. D. Botvinkin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
South Siberia

Relevance. The experience of combating rabies in Europe has shown that the tactics of preventive measures in mountains must be modified. At the beginning of the 21st century, the spread of fox rabies into the previously rabies-free mountain areas in southern Siberia was noted. The aim is to trace the spread of rabies in the Altai Mountains after the introduction of the virus. Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive study using GIS was carried out. For mapping, information on 55 laboratory confirmed cases of rabies in the Altai Republic, QGIS 3.16.0, ArcMap 10.8.1, ArcScene 10.8.1 programs and an electronic landscape-geographical maps "Natural Earth" and "Open street map" were used. The spatial-temporal distribution of rabies was compared with changes in postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Results. In 2007, rabies was detected for the first time since 1948 in the Altai Mountains. Wild animals (fox, wolf, badger) accounted for 52.7% (95% CI 39.5–65.9). Most of the cases were found in the foothills and river valleys at an altitude of less than 1,000 meters above sea level and only 16.4% (0.0–26.2) – in areas with heights from 1,000 to 2,000 m. Rabies was not recorded in the mountains above 2,000 m. Two different directions of the virus introduction are assumed: from the forest-steppe plains of the Altai Territory (Russia) and from the mountainous steppes of Mongolia. In 2007–2019 the annual number of patients seeking medical attention after animal bites increased by 86%. A correlation between the animal case number in different areas and the average annual PEP was noted (r = 0.649, p = 0.03). 4. Conclusions. Features of the fox rabies spread in the Altai Mountains allows to use the experience of fighting this disease in the mountainous regions of Central Europe.

scholarly journals The Land Use within Nature 2000 Cusma Site

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian PROOROCU ◽  
Paul BELDEAN ◽  
Ecaterina Sinziana PAULIUC
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Forest District

The high procentage of natural ecosystems within Natura 2000 Cusma Site, has determinate a high number of habitates and community interest species. A main activity of the European Ecological Network Natura 2000 is to conserve and protect the most representative species, together with the habitats they are living in. The right perpetuation of these species is corelated with the land use. Within Nature 2000 Cusma Site surface we can find arable land, forests, buildings, waters and swams. The most representative are the surfaces covered by forests, in other categories of land use detriment. Four game funds are found in Cusma site, three belonging to Bistrita Forest District (Cusma, Tihuta and Budac Game Funds). Most of the mountain areas within the site belong to the Colibita Game Fund and the hilly areas belong to Budac and Cusma Game Funds.

ACHIEVEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL BALANCE IN THE FORMATION OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE AGROLANDSCAPES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE SARATOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-491
Author(s):  
A.V. Gan'kin ◽  
◽  
L.M. Khoncheva ◽  
A.P. Demin ◽  
V.V. Chernyshkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
The Stability

The article discusses the particular conditions of the forest-steppe zone in the Saratov region with a predominance of moderate and severe erosion hazard. Effective methods and possibilities of creating highly productive agricultural land in such conditions with the maximum approximation of them to natural ecosystems are presented. The environmental requirements considered by various scientists are given to achieve ecological balance in these types of cultivated land. All presented systematized natural and socio-economic components capable of stabilizing and destabilizing effects on the stability of the agrolandscape have a great influence on the stability of its existence over time and on the specific territory. A special role in achieving ecological balance and the formation of highly productive agrolandscapes in the forest-steppe zone of the Saratov Region is assigned to the organization of agricultural land, taking into account the influence of various anthropogenic components on zonal features. The necessity of determining the optimal ratios of natural and man-made land is substantiated. The presence of natural, mediumregulating components on agrolandscapes allows us to create conditions for bringing them closer to natural ecosystems. Therefore, for each type of agricultural landscape, taking into account the terrain and modern requirements for agricultural production, it is necessary to develop adapted components and modular schemes of soil protection systems by including crops with high anti-erosion resistance in the structure of the anthropogenic landscape. These are perennial cereal and bean herbs. The proposed models for organization of the territory, taking into account the types of cultivated land, the use of land reclamation arrangements, the selection of the optimal ratio of arable land, agricultural technology measures will bring it closer to the functions of natural ecosystems and increase the efficiency of agricultural production.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Solomon Jeremiah Sembosi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Agroforestry Systems of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley: Land Use for Biocultural Diversity Conservation

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Mariana Vallejo ◽  
M. Isabel Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes-González ◽  
Jairo López-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Casas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Human Settlements

The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico, is the semiarid region with the richest biodiversity of North America and was recently recognized as a UNESCO's World Heritage site. Original agricultural practices remain to this day in agroforestry systems (AFS), which are expressions of high biocultural diversity. However, local people and researchers perceive a progressive decline both in natural ecosystems and AFS. To assess changes in location and extent of agricultural land use, we carried out a visual interpretation of very-high resolution imagery and field work, through which we identified AFS and conventional agricultural systems (CAS) from 1995 to 2003 and 2012. We analyzed five communities, representative of three main ecological and agricultural zones of the region. We assessed agricultural land use changes in relation to conspicuous landscape features (relief, rivers, roads, and human settlements). We found that natural ecosystems cover more than 85% of the territory in each community, and AFS represent 51% of all agricultural land. Establishment and permanence of agricultural lands were strongly influenced by gentle slopes and the existence of roads. Contrary to what we expected, we recorded agricultural areas being abandoned, thus favoring the regeneration of natural ecosystems, as well as a 9% increase of AFS over CAS. Agriculture is concentrated near human settlements. Most of the studied territories are meant to preserve natural ecosystems, and traditional AFS practices are being recovered for biocultural conservation.

scholarly journals Closing Biogeochemical Cycles and Meeting Plant Requirements by Smart Fertilizers and Innovative Organic Amendments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
María de la Luz Mora ◽  
Marcela Calabi-Floody ◽  
Cornelia Rumpel
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Natural Ecosystems

Expansion of farmland with food production as a major service has been largely associated with conversion of natural ecosystems like the Amazon and Savanna into new agricultural land [...]

DISTRIBUTION OF SOSNOVSKY HOGWEED (HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI) ON THE SOUTHERN BORDER OF THE SECONDARY RANGE IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
L. A. Arepieva ◽  
E. I. Arepiev ◽  
S. G. Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
European Part ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Secondary Range ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Kursk Region

The distribution of the Sosnovsky hogweed on the southern border of the secondary range in the European part of Russia on the example of the Kursk Region is investigated in the work. It is revealed that Sosnovsky hogweed grows mainly in the western part of the Region in the vicinity of places where it was cultivated in fields in the second half of the twentieth century. The analysis of invader occurrence in anthropogenic and natural ecosystems of the Region revealed patterns of distribution that are characteristic of invasive species at initial stages of their secondary range formation: most of the foci are present in anthropogenic and semi-natural habitats; medium-sized foci predominate (from 100 sq. m. to 1 ha); the greatest number of foci was found in the areas located along roads. The intensive distribution of hogweed in settlements of the Region, especially with pronounced depopulation processes, was revealed. Among natural and semi-natural habitats, most of the foci were found along the banks of reservoirs. In forests, hogweed is found mainly in small groups of vegetative rosettes on the outskirts, with the exception of areas with a strong anthropogenic impact, where multiple foci with generative shoots are formed. At present, hogweed is not found on arable land due to the intensive cultivation of agricultural land in the Region. Plant communities with Heracleum sosnowskyi in the Kursk Region are represented by 4 syntaxons: association Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum sosnowskyi , association Rudbeckio laciniatae - Solidaginetum canadensis variant Heracleum sosnowskyi , association Chelidonio-Aceretum negundi variant Heracleum sosnowskyi , derivative community Heracleum sosnowskyi [ Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis ].

scholarly journals The Chosen Socio-Economic Problems of Protecting Valuable Agricultural Land in Natura 2000 Areas in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol XXIII (Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 348-366
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Brodzińska ◽  
Wojciech Gotkiewicz ◽  
Bartosz Mickiewicz ◽  
Adam Pawlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Economic Problems
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