Seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle in northwest China

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Dong Tan ◽  
Xiao-Yu Yang ◽  
Ming-Yang Yin ◽  
Ling-Ying Hu ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

AbstractPrevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors with infection were assessed in dairy cattle from Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NXHAR), northwest China. In total, 1657 serum samples were collected and assayed by the modified agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 4.83% at a 1:100 cut-off, with titers of 1:100 in 72, 1:200 in 4, 1:400 in 4. Among the risk factors examined, no statistically significant difference was observed between T. gondii seroprevalence and regions or age of dairy cattle in the logistic regression analysis (P>0.05) and left out of the final model. However, numbers of pregnancies of dairy cattle was considered as main risk factor associated with T. gondii infection. Dairy cattle in nulliparity group (8.89%) had 6 times (OR=6.31, 95% CI, 2.69-14.83, P<0.001) higher risk of being seropositive compared to dairy cattle in 3 or above 3 pregnancies group (1.52%), followed by 1 pregnancy group (4.27%) had nearly 3 times (OR=2.89, 95% CI, 1.11-7.52, P = 0.03) higher risk of being seropositive compared to dairy cattle in 3 or above 3 pregnancies group, although no statistical difference was found between 2 pregnancies group and 3 or above 3 pregnancies group (P = 0.70). The results of this survey indicated the presence of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in Gansu Province and NXHAR, which enriches the epidemiological data of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in China, and is helpful to strengthen prevention and control of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in these two regions.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi among domestic rabbits in central China

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Zhijun Yao ◽  
Lingjuan Li ◽  
Yaoqian Pan ◽  
Pengju Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Central China ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Domestic Rabbits

Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are frequently reared for meat production in China. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and risk factors of infection in domestic rabbits raised in Henan province, central China. 1,213 serum samples of domestic rabbits were collected and tested for anti-T. gondii and anti-E. cuniculi antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The serum positive rates of T. gondii and E. cuniculi were 128/1,213 (10.55%) and 235/1,213 (19.37%), respectively. Co-infection of T. gondii and E. cuniculi was demonstrated in 84 specimens; 44 rabbits were seropositive for T. gondii alone, while 151 rabbits were seropositive for E. cuniculi alone. The main risk factors simultaneously associated with T. gondii and E. cuniculi infection were the age of the rabbit, the type of food, and the rabbit rearing system. Serum positive rates of T. gondii and E. cuniculi among domestic rabbits were high, indicating the possibility of public health issues.

Cross-sectional survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in colony cats from urban Florence (Italy)

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Mancianti ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Gaetano Ariti ◽  
Dario Parlanti ◽  
Giovanna Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Cats are the key species in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, even if the proportion of subjects excreting oocysts is low. The aim of the present paper was to obtain information about seroprevalence, oocyst shedding rate and presence of T gondii DNA in faeces collected from an urban population of colony cats in Florence (Tuscany). Fifty European shorthair feral cats were examined for anti- T gondii specific antibodies by a modified agglutination test (MAT), and for oocysts by microscopic examination and for faecal protozoal DNA, by means of a nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) protocol. Twenty-two out of 50 serum samples (44%) were MAT positive. T gondii oocysts were not detected in any of the examined faecal samples. Eight out of 50 faecal specimens (16%) were n-PCR positive and sequencing of the bands was specific for T gondii. Detection by combination of the two methods was higher than single techniques and enhanced the detection of T gondii up to 48%. Our results suggest that the use of MAT plus PCR in faeces may be the best choice for diagnosis of feline toxoplasmosis. Further studies to ascertain the real infectivity of the copro-PCR positive subjects are required.

scholarly journals First report on seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (09) ◽  
pp. 831-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima El Safadi ◽  
Dany Abi Chahine ◽  
Alissar Al Tarraf ◽  
Omar Raii ◽  
Karim Mesto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is of dual importance in both public and veterinary health due to the respective risk of transplacental transmission in primo-infected pregnant women and economic losses caused by abortions in mammals. One of the main routes of Toxoplasma gondii transmission to humans is the consumption of raw or undercooked meats containing parasitic cysts. Here, we performed the first epidemiological study to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in livestock in Lebanon. Methodology: Using a modified agglutination test with a cut-off of 1:40, we tested the positivity rate of Immunoglobulin G antibodies in the sera of 100 sheep and 80 goats collected from 18 different livestock farms located in North Lebanon between March and June 2018. Results: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 42% of sheep and 34% of goats. Adults (> 1 year) were significantly more infected by T. gondii than the lambs (< 1 year) in both species (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicated that food animals are highly exposed to T. gondii in Lebanon and could be potentially a major risk factor of T. gondii infection to humans. Consequently, national prophylactic strategies should be implemented to control and to prevent T. gondii transmission between animals and humans.

scholarly journals First Report of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Yaks (Bos mutus) in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Gang Ma ◽  
Wen-Bin Zheng ◽  
Dong-Hui Zhou ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
Ming-Yang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Bovine Leukosis ◽  
Positive Results

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic lymphosarcoma disease of cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). No information is available concerning the epidemiology of BLV infection in yaks (Bos mutus). One thousand five hundred and eighty-four serum samples from 610 black yaks and 974 white yaks from Gansu province, northwest China, were collected between April 2013 and March 2014 and tested for BLV antibodies using a commercially available ELISA kit. The overall BLV seroprevalence in yaks was 21.09% (334/1584), with 24.26% (148/610) black yaks and 19.10% (186/974) white yaks yielding positive results. Risk factor analysis indicated that with the exception of breed (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06–1.73,P<0.05), the age, region, gender, farm, and the numbers of pregnancies were not considered as risk factors for the presence of BLV in yaks included in this study. This is the first report of BLV infection in yaks in China, which provides information for controlling BLV infection in yaks.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with liver disease in eastern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 2296-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. TIAN ◽  
G. X. LI ◽  
H. M. ELSHEIKHA ◽  
D. S. GARDNER ◽  
X. Y. ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

SUMMARYThe role of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in the pathogenesis of liver disease has recently gained much interest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in patients with liver disease from three cities in Shandong and Henan provinces, China. A case–control study was conducted from December 2014 to November 2015 and included 1142 patients with liver disease and 1142 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from all individuals and were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. Information on the demographics, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics of the participants was collected from the medical records and by the use of a questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG was 19·7% in patients with liver disease compared with 12·17% in the controls. Only 13 patients had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies compared with 12 control individuals (1·14% vs. 1·05%, respectively). The highest seroprevalence was detected in patients with liver cancer (22·13%), followed by hepatitis patients (20·86%), liver cirrhosis patients (20·42%), and steatosis patients (20%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that consumption of raw meat (odds ratio (OR) = 1·32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·01–1·71; P = 0·03) and source of drinking water from wells (OR = 1·56; 95% CI 1·08–2·27; P = 0·01) were independent risk factors for T. gondii infection in liver disease patients. These findings indicate that T. gondii infection is more likely to be present in patients with liver disease. Therefore, efforts should be directed toward health education of populations at high risk of T. gondii infection and measures should be taken to protect vulnerable patients with liver disease.

scholarly journals Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and cattle from Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Jorge Rodrigues Magalhães ◽  
Müller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽  
Adrianne Mota de Alcântara ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
Maria José de Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease of global distribution that affects all warm-blooded animals. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection and identify the risk factors associated with its occurrence in domestic ruminants raised on the island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, and to confirm that cattle and sheep raised in Fernando de Noronha Island present statistically different T. gondii prevalence rates. Serum samples were collected from sheep (n=240) and cattle (n=140) for the detection of antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Samples were collected from all the animals on all the farms. Risk factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. The prevalence rate of positive sheep was 85.0% while that of cattle was 10.7%. A multivariate analysis revealed that the site of contact of sheep with felines was a risk factor. For cattle, the risk factors identified in this study were: extensive farming system, water source, more than three cats per farm, and the presence of rats in feed storage locations. The findings revealed a significant difference in the prevalence rates in sheep and cattle raised in this insular environment.

scholarly journals Risk factors for infection by Toxoplasma gondii in herds of goats in Ceará, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Cavalcante ◽  
M. Carneiro ◽  
A.M.G. Gouveia ◽  
R.R. Pinheiro ◽  
R.W.A. Vitor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

In order to identify possible risk factors for T. gondii infection in goat herds in Ceará, Brazil, 2362 serum samples were tested by ELISA. The serological prevalence was 25.1%. The risk factors identified for Toxoplasma gondii infection in goat herds were age, number of cats, use of wooden feeding troughs and absence of feeding troughs. Goats older than 37 months had 2.01 (CI 95%; 1.55 - 2.61) higher risk of infection than younger animals. Greater risk of infection was observed in farms with more than 10 cats (OR = 1.73; CI 95%; 1.01 - 3.33). The use of wooden feeding troughs represented a high probability of infection (OR = 7.81; CI 95%; 1.66 - 36.67). The lack of feeding troughs also represented a high probability of infection (OR = 5.50; CI 95%; 1.24 - 24.39).

scholarly journals Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ogawa ◽  
R.L. Freire ◽  
O. Vidotto ◽  
L.F.P. Gondim ◽  
I.T. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cattle Management

Three-hundred and eighty-five serum samples were taken from dairy cows on 90 farms in 12 counties from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil. The samples were analyzed by IFAT for the detection of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies. Forty-five (12%) samples were seropositive to N. caninum, while 102 (26%) samples were seropositive to T. gondii. Only four animals were seropositive to both coccidia. No significant difference was observed between the N. caninum serology and any of the variables studied, such as dairy cattle management, milk production, reproductive problems, feeding, and presence of dogs, cats and rodents. These data suggest that neosporosis is present among dairy cattle in the studied geographic region and the simultaneous detection of serum positive animals to both types of coccidian parasite demonstrates the independent occurrence of these coccidia in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and the associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in the middle belt of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
DERRICK ADU MENSAH ◽  
Linda Batsa Debrah ◽  
Clement Evans Aryee ◽  
ALEXANDER YAW YAW DEBRAH
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection is prevalent in up to 90% of the world’s population. Severe infections can be fatal and deforming in neonates. Cats serve as reservoirs for T. gondii infections. Even though many Ghanaians have cats as pets in their homes only few studies have been undertaken to assess the prevalence of the disease in Ghana. The objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the Goaso Municipal Hospital, in Asunafo North District of the Ahafo Region and the St. Michael’s Catholic Mission Hospital in the Bosomtwe District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 266 (146 from Asunafo North District and 120 from Bosomtwe District) pregnant women who consented to participate in the study was undertaken. To gather information on associated risk factors, structured questionnaire was administered to the participants. In addition, 3 mls of venous blood was collected from each participant for anti-T. gondii IgG and anti-T. gondii IgM antibody analyses using ELISA. Results A total of 64.3% (171/266) of the study participant were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and 26.3% (70/266) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. This signifies that 64.3% of the study population have been exposed to the infection and 26.3% were actively infected. There were no differences (P=0.383) between the overall T. gondii seroprevalences in the two Districts. There was a significant difference between antibody concentration levels and age in the Bosomtwe District in Ashanti Region. No association (OR<1) was found between the seroprevalences and the suspected risk factors assessed in this study. Conclusion The study showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women visiting the two health facilities in the two Regions was higher compared to the 30%-65% reported as the global population infection status. This study provides baseline data for future studies in the other Districts and Regions in the country to ascertain the overall seroprevalence in Ghana.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Case-Control Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xin Li ◽  
Hai Xin ◽  
Xiang-Yan Zhang ◽  
Cui-Ying Wei ◽  
Yu-He Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
And Control

The association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and diabetes mellitus remains controversial. With the improvement of living standards, the prevalence rate of diabetes is steadily increasing in China. Thus, it is necessary to explore the possible association between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus in China. Hence, case-control studies were conducted to explore the T. gondii seroprevalence and identify the risk factors and possible transmission routes of T. gondii infection in different types of diabetes, including type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and gestational diabetes (GDM) patients in China. Four hundred serum samples for each type of diabetes mellitus, matched with 400 control subjects for each group, were collected and examined for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. The total T. gondii seroprevalence in T1DM, T2DM, and GDM patients was 16.50%, 23.50%, and 21.25%, respectively. Each type of diabetes mellitus patients had a significantly higher T. gondii seroprevalence than the control subjects. Multivariate regression identified three variables as risk factors for T. gondii infection in diabetes patients, including keeping cats at home and consumption of raw oysters for T1DM patients and consumption of raw/undercooked meat and raw oysters for T2DM patients, which may help to guide future research and control policies in diabetes mellitus patients.

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