scholarly journals The relationship between English proficiency and humour appreciation among English L1 users and Chinese L2 users of English

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Chen ◽  
Jean-Marc Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Short Video ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sociocultural Knowledge

AbstractHumour appreciation involves split second detection and resolution of cultural and pragmatic incongruities. Second language (L2) users may need more time and effort to understand and appreciate L2 humour. Previous studies have mostly used decontextualized verbal jokes and reported a linear relationship between L2 proficiency and humour appreciation. The present study strives for more ecological validity by using audiovisual-based, multimodal humorous stimuli. A total of 272 Chinese L2 users of English and 94 English L1 users rated the funniness and the ease of understanding of two short video extracts and then completed an English vocabulary size test, LexTALE. The findings suggest that L2 users need to reach a certain threshold in L2 linguistic, pragmatic and sociocultural knowledge before a positive linear relationship emerges between proficiency and appreciation of multimodal humorous stimuli. Also, advanced L2 users demonstrated similarities with English L1 users in humour processing.

scholarly journals Examination of the Relation between Strategic Leadership Expectations and Organizational Justice: A Research on Health Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ayhan Yalçınsoy ◽  
Cenk Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Research Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Strategic Leadership ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between strategic leadership and organizational justice within the healthcare sector. In the context of the study, the introduced model was tested by a questionnaire instrument with 41 items excluding demographic variables. A total of 320 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. Correlation, regression, T test and Anova analyzes were applied to the research data that obtained by the questionnaire. The study focused on the employees of hospitals in the Diyarbakir province of Turkey. The results suggest that there is a very strong positive linear relationship between strategic leadership and organizational justice variables. The result of the study is consistent with the results of previous research. Also, some disparities were observed among the demographic variables of the study.

INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Sahuquillo ◽  
Fuat Arikan ◽  
Maria A. Poca ◽  
Montserrat Noguer ◽  
Francisco Martinez-Ricarte
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract OBJECTIVE In the selection of a ventriculoperitoneal cerebrospinal fluid shunt, the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is traditionally neglected as a result of the idea that its value is close to 0 mmHg. Our aim was to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and IAP with the goal of providing clinically relevant data that could help neurosurgeons to estimate IAP and select the appropriate shunt for patients with hydrocephalus and especially those with normal-pressure hydrocephalus syndrome. METHODS Sixty patients requiring the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt were included in the study. We determined weight, BMI, and IAP. IAP was measured through an intraperitoneal catheter during the shunt surgery. To determine whether a linear relationship existed between quantitative variables, linear regression analysis was used. RESULTS BMI was 28.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2. Eighteen patients (30%) had normal weight, 21 (35%) were moderately overweight, and 21 (35%) were obese. IAP was related to patient BMI. A significant positive linear correlation was identified between BMI and IAP (r = 0.52; P = 0.018) with a slope of 0.31 (P < 0.001) and an intercept of −5.5. CONCLUSION In our study, we determined that IAP had a strong positive linear relationship with BMI. This correlation was independent of sex. An IAP of 0 mmHg can, therefore, only be assumed for patients with a normal BMI who are recumbent. In obese or overweight patients, neurosurgeons should take IAP into account when selecting both the most adequate differential pressure valve to be implanted and in which distal cavity to place the distal catheter to avoid shunt underdrainage induced by high IAP.

AGE OF ONSET AND NATIVELIKE L2 ULTIMATE ATTAINMENT OF MORPHOSYNTACTIC AND PHONETIC INTUITION

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Abrahamsson
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Critical Period Hypothesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ultimate Attainment ◽  
The Relationship

Research has consistently shown there is a negative correlation between age of onset (AO) of acquisition and ultimate attainment (UA) of either pronunciation or grammar in a second language (L2). A few studies have indeed reported nativelike behavior in some postpuberty learners with respect to either phonetics/phonology or morphosyntax, a result that has sometimes been taken as evidence against the critical period hypothesis (CPH). However, in the few studies that have employed a wide range of linguistic tests and tasks, adult learners have not exhibited nativelike L2 proficiency across the board of measures, which, according to some, suggests that the hypothesis still holds. The present study investigated the relationship between AO and UA and the incidence of nativelikeness when measures of phonetic and grammatical intuition are combined. An additional aim was to investigate whether children and adults develop the L2 through fundamentally different brain mechanisms—namely, whether children acquire the language (more) implicitly as an interdependent whole, whereas adults learn it (more) explicitly as independent parts of a whole.

scholarly journals Oral fluency in a second language: A research agenda for the next ten years

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-461
Author(s):  
Pauline Foster
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Oral Fluency ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Linguistic Influences ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper reviews how the construct of oral fluency in a second language (L2) has been defined and researched over the last twenty-five years. The emerging picture is somewhat kaleidoscopic, as domains of cognitive, social, individual and linguistic influences on L2 speech have been opened up for study. L2 fluency research presents a wealth of directions for future exploration, five of which have been laid out here as an achievable, though not comprehensive, agenda for the coming decade. Four of these studies focus on the relationship between variables such as perceived fluency, utterance fluency, idiomaticity, task familiarity, vocabulary size and learner self-reflection, while the fifth focusses on supporting fluency development in the L2 classroom. As an aid to prospective researchers, the five studies are laid out in practical detail, together with suggestions on how these might need to be altered to fit the local context in which the research is undertaken.

Relationships between pre-slaughter rump flatness of Nelore cows and subsequent measures of carcass fatness

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Luiz F. M. Pfeifer ◽  
Paulo M. A. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Internal Angle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the internal angle of the rump (IAR), as a measure of rump fatness, and both the visual degree of finishing (VDF) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) of Nelore cows. In this study, 836 Nelore cows were examined. The IAR of all live cows was measured using a goniometer, and then the VDF of all carcasses was evaluated. Additionally, the SFT of a subset of carcasses (n = 225) was measured. Carcasses were divided into three groups based on the VDF, as follows: Inadequate VDF (I) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 1 and 2; Adequate VDF (A) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 3 and 4; and Excessive VDF (E) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 5. There was a positive linear relationship between VDF and IAR (y = 98.29 + 5.78 × x; R 2 = 0.53; P < 0.001) and between VDF and SFT (y = 0.26 + 0.51× x; R 2 = 0.51; P < 0.001). Cows classified as having an Excessive degree of fatness according to the Inadequate – Adequate – Excessive (IAE) scale had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate or Adequate (P < 0.001). Similarly, cows classified as Adequate had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the measure of IAR of a live Nelore cow can provide a good indication of the level of fatness of its carcass.

ELICITED IMITATION TASKS AS A MEASURE OF L2 PROFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Maria Kostromitina ◽  
Luke Plonsky
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
Transparent Reporting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Measure

Abstract Elicited imitation tasks (EITs) have been proposed and examined as a practical measure of second language (L2) proficiency. This study aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive view of the relationship between EITs and other proficiency measures. Toward that end, 46 reports were retrieved contributing 60 independent effect sizes (Pearson’s r) that were weighted and averaged. Several EIT features were also examined as potential moderators. The results portray EIT as a generally consistent measure of L2 proficiency (r = .66). Among other moderators, EIT stimuli length was positively associated with stronger correlations. Overall, the findings provide support for the use of EITs as a means to greater consistency and practicality in measuring L2 proficiency. In our Discussion section, we highlight the need for more transparent reporting and provide empirically grounded recommendations for EIT design and for further research into EIT development.

Can willingness to communicate, communication in English anxiety, behavioural inhibition and behavioural action predict perceived L2 fluency?

2021 ◽  
pp. 136216882110440
Author(s):  
Reza Zabihi ◽  
Shiva Ghominejad ◽  
Mohammad Javad Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to investigate whether and how willingness to communicate, communication in English anxiety, behavioural inhibition and action predict perceived second language (L2) fluency. The study also looked at whether L2 proficiency moderates the strength of relationships between these affective factors and L2 perceived fluency. One hundred learners of English were recorded while doing the Suitcase task (a monologic task) and were asked to complete a series of questionnaires and proficiency tests. Speech samples were then prepared for presentation to 26 experienced language teachers (and highly proficient users of English) as raters. Their task was to rate the speech samples in terms of perceived fluency. Results revealed that while willingness to communicate is a strong and positive predictor of perceived fluency, communication in English anxiety negatively predicts perceived L2 fluency. We also found that L2 proficiency does not seem to moderate the relationship between perceived fluency and willingness to communicate (WTC), but it does change the partial correlation figure for communication in English anxiety from r = −0.24 ( p = .013) to r = −0.38 ( p < .001). This variation suggests that less proficient L2 speakers’ perceived fluency could be more severely affected by communication in English anxiety.

FACTORS INFLUENCING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Daniel Kamau ◽  
Gabriel Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Knowledge Management Practices ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The study sought to determine factors influencing knowledge management practices in the commercial banks in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of 44 commercial banks was identified. A sample of 17 banks was chosen using random sampling. A stratified approach was used to select respondents and a total of 85 respondents were surveyed from five departments in each of the 17 banks. Quantitative statistical techniques were used during the analysis to describe and analyze data. The results of the analysis were presented and interpreted in the form of descriptive statistics, as well as inferential statistics.Results: Regression result indicated that there exists a positive linear relationship between organizational Culture and Knowledge Management practices.   Results indicate that there exists a positive linear relationship between organizational structure and Knowledge Management practices.  This is evidenced by an odds ratio of 28.988.  The relationship is significant as shown by a p value of 0.0113.Results indicated that there was a positive and significant correlation of 0.759 between Information technology and Knowledge management practices. Results indicate that there exists a positive linear relationship between Organization Leadership and Knowledge Management Practices.  This is evidenced by a regression coefficient of 125.198.  The relationship is significant as shown by a p value of 0.0058.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that commercial banks in Kenya should continue investing in leadership as doing so would improve their knowledge management practices. In addition, commercial banks should adopt more flexible structures that support knowledge acquisition, dissemination and storage.   The study advocates that the cultural orientation of the organizations should be such that it supports the perception of knowledge management practices. Furthermore, commercial banks should continue investing in Information technology as doing so would improve the knowledge management practices.

scholarly journals Prediction of carcass tissue composition of F1 crossbred goats finished on native pasture

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Rayana de Medeiros Silva ◽  
José Morais Pereira Filho ◽  
Aderbal Marcos de Azevêdo Silva ◽  
Marcílio Fontes Cezar ◽  
Anderson Luiz Nascimento da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to estimate tissue composition of the carcass from physical composition of commercial cuts of F1 crossbred goats (Boer with females of non-defined racial standard) finished on native pasture with four levels of supplementation with concentrate (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5% of BW in dry matter). It was used 24 non-castrated animals at initial body weight of 15.52 kg and at 120 days of age. The carcass was sectioned in the half, and from the lefthalf carcass, the following cuts were detached: leg, loin, ribs, shoulder and neck, which were dissected in muscle, bone and fat. Carcass weight and yield were predicted from the weight and yield of tissues in the commercial cuts by regression analysis. All the cuts can be used to predict muscle and fat weight in the carcass. For the muscle, the relationship was linear and positive in the cuts leg, ribs, shoulder and neck, and cubic in the loin; for all the cuts, fat kept a linear relationship with the carcass. Muscle and fat yield of all the commercial cuts showed a positive linear relationship with carcass yield, except for rib fat, for which a cubic relationship was found. Considering all the results obtained and using the relationship with the highest determination coefficient, the ribs were the cut that provided the best estimate of the carcass muscle and fat yields of F1 crossbred goats (Boer with females of non-defined racial standard) finished on native pasture.

The relationship between lexical competence, collocational competence, and second language proficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déogratias Nizonkiza
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Second Language Proficiency ◽  
Lexical Competence ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This paper assesses the relationship between EFL proficiency, lexical competence, and collocational competence (cf. Meara 1996; Pawley & Syder 1983; Read 1993, 1997, 2000; Bonk 2001). Two paper-based tests, a proficiency test and a vocabulary test, were presented to English majors at the University of Burundi. Scores on both tests significantly correlate and distinguish between levels. This confirms that lexical competence is a reliable predictor of L2 proficiency, which strengthens and extends earlier findings (Meara 1996; Bonk 2001; Gyllstad 2005, 2007; Zareva et al. 2005). Furthermore, mastery of collocations is found to be related to frequency and to predict lexical competence. Thus, the findings of this study underline earlier indications that proficiency testing may be simplified.

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