scholarly journals Contemporary changes of thermal conditions in Poland, 1951-2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Owczarek ◽  
Janusz Filipiak

Abstract The main subject of the research whose outcomes are presented in this paper is the spatial and temporal variability of thermal conditions in Poland during the period from 1951 to 2015. The analysis revealed the occurrence of symptoms indicating a systematic and sustained warming. Significant growth is observed in mean and extreme temperatures and their extreme percentiles, as well as in annual number of hot days, warm waves and their duration. In turn, downward trends are noted in series of the annual number of frost days, as well as in the number of cold waves and their duration. The results obtained confirm the thermal pattern determined for the whole region, especially for the southern part of the Baltic Sea basin.

Hereditas ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjatta Säisä ◽  
Matti Salminen ◽  
Marja-Liisa Koljonen ◽  
Jukka Ruuhijärvi

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Danilovich ◽  
D. Wrzesiński ◽  
L. Nekrasova

The dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and river runoff in the Belarus part of the Baltic Sea basin have been studied. Correlation coefficients between NAO indices and monthly, seasonal and annual discharges were calculated, changes in the runoff in the opposite stages of NAO and its intra-annual distribution were analysed, and runoff trends for different time series were investigated. The closest connection could be observed between NAO indices for December–March and the runoff of Belarusian rivers in the Baltic basin. The highest correlation coefficients were calculated for winter and spring months. The intra-annual runoff differs in opposite stages of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The most significant increase of monthly runoff was observed after 1961. There was a positive trend of runoff at the beginning of the year, but a negative one in the summer and autumn months.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Iwona Zabroś ◽  
Marlena Mioskowska

The Baltic Sea is characterized by a seasonal variation of phytoplankton structure. These organisms are particularly sensitive to changes in various environmental parameters. Cyclic, recurring annually fluctuation of species composition, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton is a consequence of these changes. Spatial and temporal variability of particular groups of phytoplankton is not the same in different areas of the Baltic Sea. The purpose of this work was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton in three chosen areas of the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea (Ustka, Poddąbie and Rowy) in the period of November 2014 - September 2016. Mean values of abundance and biomass of phytoplankton for the surveyed areas were typical for this type of coastal waters. In each of the surveyed areas the same dominat species in terms of the abundance and biomass were observed. A growth of diatoms was recorded only in the area of Ustka, which could have been caused by the inflow of river waters. Seasonal surveys of phytoplankton indicated that in the case of the studies regarding this parameter – taxonomic composition, abundance and biomass in the same surveyed area were similar at the three research stations (e.g. 75-80%), depending on the season of the year. On this basis, it was concluded that, whether carrying out the monitoring of phytoplankton or planned investments, the sample collection frequency had a greater significance than the number of research stations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Czesław Koźmiński

Purpose. To assess the number, structure, seasonality and duration of foreign tourists’ visits to the Province of Western Pomerania in 2006-2016 as well as to identify preferred destinations in the Province. Methods. The research was based on monthly and annual data on foreign tourists’ visits and overnight stays in Western Pomerania counties in 2006-2016. The data supplied by the Statistical Office in Szczecin were used to model: the temporal (by month) and spatial (by country) distribution of the number of foreign tourists in the Province, the variability and seasonality of the tourism flow, and the mean duration of stay at accommodation facilities. Statistical data from counties situated in Lakeland areas were used to assess the numbers of foreign tourists visiting Western Pomeranian Lakelands. Results. The analysis showed positive, highly significant linear trends in the number of foreign tourists’ visits to the Province (R²=0.7369) and in overnight stays (R²=0.8309) over the analysed period (2006-2016). Foreign tourists accounted for 23.6% of all the tourists visiting Western Pomerania; they stayed for an average of 5.0-5.5 days depending on the year, no distinct trend in the duration of stay being visible. Seasonality in the foreign tourists’ visits, as expressed by the ratio between the number of tourists in summer (June-August) and winter (December-February) and averaging 2.4, was almost two times lower than that of Polish tourists, an effect resulting from a fairly uniform distribution of visits for recreation and medical treatment throughout the year. The coefficient of variation (CV) was found to range from 15.7% in June to 26.7% in February. Due to weather conditions, 37.1% of the annual number of foreign tourists (mainly from Germany) come in summer months (June-August). The preferred destination of foreign tourists in the Province of Western Pomerania is the Baltic Sea coast (63.6% of all visits); the city of Szczecin attracts 30.1% of all the foreign tourists, whereas Western Pomeranian Lakelands are visited by as few as 3.2%. A similar percentage (3.1%) visit the seven remaining counties. Tourists stay the longest (7.1 days on average) at the seaside, the shortest visits (1.9 day) occurring in Szczecin and Koszalin. Research and conclusions limitations. A more detailed assessment of the temporal and spatial distribution of foreign tourists’ visits in the Province is hampered by incomplete reports on tourism flow in numerous municipalities. Compared to the Baltic Sea, more beneficial thermal conditions in lakes (water temperature higher by 2Cº- 4 Cº) and a longer (by 2-3 weeks) bathing season should be taken advantage of by regional and local authorities and tourist organisations to promote foreign tourists visits to and stays in the Lakeland areas. Originality. Local authorities and tourist organisations should monitor and analyse the increase in the number of foreign tourists’ visits from year to year, and should pay attention to the highly uneven spatial distribution of foreign tourists’ visits. Practical implication. The results obtained should help local governments and tourist organisations to improve services used by foreigners in the province. Type of work. Results of empirical studies are presented.


2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 10057-10069 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bartnicki ◽  
V. S. Semeena ◽  
H. Fagerli

Abstract. The EMEP/MSC-W model has been used to compute atmospheric nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin for the period of 12 yr: 1995–2006. The level of annual total nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin has changed from 230 Gg N in 1995 to 199 Gg N in 2006, decreasing 13 %. This value corresponds well with the total nitrogen emission reduction (11 %) in the HELCOM Contracting Parties. However, inter-annual variability of nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin is relatively large, ranging from −13 % to +17 % of the averaged value. It is mainly caused by the changing meteorological conditions and especially precipitation in the considered period. The calculated monthly deposition pattern is similar for most of the years showing maxima in the autumn months October and November. The source allocation budget for atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin was calculated for each year of the period 1997–2006. The main emission sources contributing to total nitrogen deposition are: Germany 18–22 %, Poland 11–13 % and Denmark 8–11 %. There is also a significant contribution from distant sources like the United Kingdom 6–9 %, as well as from the international ship traffic on the Baltic Sea 4–5 %.


Author(s):  
Thomas Andrén ◽  
Svante Björck ◽  
Elinor Andrén ◽  
Daniel Conley ◽  
Lovisa Zillén ◽  
...  

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