scholarly journals Spinal curvatures of children and adolescents – a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Grabara ◽  
Anna Bieniec ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spinal Curvatures ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
And Gender

Summary Study aim: The aim was to assess the spinal curvatures of primary and lower secondary male and female students from Silesia and to identify individual variations that can determine spinal posture.Material and methods: The study involved 331 girls and 286 boys aged 8 to 16 years. Eligible criteria were non-participation in any professional sport training, and participation in mandatory physical education classes. Posture was evaluated using the moiré method. Measurements of somatic parameters were made with a medical scale using a height meter and a Tanita electronic balance.Results: Dimorphic postural differences of boys and girls were seen mainly in the shape of lumbar lordosis. Girls were more lordotic than boys at all ages except 10-years-olds. Angle γ was significantly greater in 9-, 15- and 16-year-old girls than boys. LLA was significantly more prominent in 15- and 16-year-old girls than boys. Thoracic kyphosis was significantly more prominent in 8- and 11-year-old boys than girls. We also found a significant effect of age and somatic parameters. In boys mean lumbar lordosis was more pronounced in 10-year-olds. In girls fat mass, fat percentage and BMI correlated with angle α and angle Δ. In boys body height and mass, fat mass, total body water and BMI correlated with angles β, γ, Δ, and lordosis lumbar angle.Conclusions: The shape of lumbar lordosis is associated with age and gender. Lumbar lordosis decreases with age in male children and adolescents. Our study revealed poor correlations between sagittal spinal curvatures and somatic parameters.

scholarly journals Spinal curvatures of yoga practitioners compared to control participants—a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Grabara
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spinal Curvatures ◽  
Yoga Practitioners

Purpose The angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis determine the spinal alignment in the sagittal plane. The aim of this study was to compare the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis of male and female yoga practitioners with non-practicing participants and to determine the possible dependencies between sagittal spinal curvatures and somatic parameters, time spent on yoga exercise, and undertaking other physical activities in yoga practitioners. Methods The study involved 576 women and 91 men ages 18–68 years (mean = 38.5 ± 9) who were practicing yoga, and 402 women and 176 men ages 18–30 years (mean = 20.2 ± 1.3) as a control group. The angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured using a Plurimeter-V gravity inclinometer. Results The two-way ANOVA demonstrated the influence of group (p < .0001) and sex (p = .03) on the angle of thoracic kyphosis, as well as the influence of group (p < .0001) and sex (p < .0001) on the angle of lumbar lordosis. It was noted that yoga practitioners had less pronounced thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis and were more often characterized by normal or smaller thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis than students from the control group. In yoga practitioners, the angle of thoracic kyphosis was positively correlated with age, body mass, BMI, and undertaking other forms of physical activity. The angle of lumbar lordosis was negatively correlated with body height and body mass. Conclusions The results suggest that yoga exercises can affect the shape of the anterior-posterior curves of the spine and may be an efficient training method for shaping proper posture in adults.

scholarly journals Relative Fat Mass as an estimator of whole-body fat percentage among children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study using NHANES

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orison O. Woolcott ◽  
Richard N. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Misclassification Error ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract We evaluated the ability of the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) to estimate whole-body fat percentage among children and adolescents who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 through 2006 (n = 10,390). The RFM equation for adults (64 − (20 × height/waist circumference) + (12 × sex)) may be used for adolescents 15 to 19 years of age. For children and adolescents 8 to 14 years of age, we suggest a modified RFM equation, named as the RFMp (RFM pediatric): 74 − (22 × height/waist circumference) + (5 × sex). In both equations, sex equals 0 for boys and 1 for girls. RFMp was more accurate than BMI to estimate whole-body fat percentage (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) among girls (percentage of estimates that were <20% of measured body fat percentage, 88.2% vs. 85.7%; P = 0.027) and boys 8 to 14 years of age (83.4% vs. 71.0%; P < 0.001). RFM was more accurate than BMI among boys 15 to 19 years of age (82.3% vs. 73.9%; P < 0.001) but slightly less accurate among girls (89.0% vs. 92.6%; P = 0.002). Compared with BMI-for-age percentiles, RFMp had lower misclassification error of overweight or obesity (defined as a DXA-measured body fat percentage at the 85th percentile or higher) among boys 8 to 14 years of age (6.5% vs. 7.9%; P = 0.018) but not girls (RFMp: 8.2%; BMI-for-age: 7.9%; P = 0.681). Misclassification error of overweight or obesity was similar for RFM and BMI-for-age percentiles among girls (RFM: 8.0%; BMI-for-age: 6.6%; P = 0.076) and boys 15 to 19 years of age (RFM: 6.9%; BMI-for-age: 7.8%; P = 0.11). RFMp for children and adolescents 8 to 14 years of age and RFM for adolescents 15 to 19 years of age were useful to estimate whole-body fat percentage and diagnose body fat-defined overweight or obesity.

Reference centile curves for wrist circumference for Indian children aged 3–18 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Vaman Khadilkar ◽  
Shashi Chiplonkar ◽  
Veena Ekbote ◽  
Neha Kajale ◽  
Rubina Mandlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Wrist Circumference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity and its consequences have reached alarming proportions worldwide and in India. Wrist circumference is emerging as an easily measurable reproducible parameter for screening children at risk of obesity-related morbidities such as hypertension and insulin resistance. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compute age and gender-specific wrist circumference percentiles for 3–18-year-old apparently healthy Indian children and adolescents; (2) to assess the relationship of wrist circumference with measures of obesity and adiposity such as body mass index (BMI), fat percentage and blood pressure (BP) and (3) to suggest age and gender-specific cut-offs for wrist circumference percentile for the risk of hypertension in Indian children and adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on samples of 10,199 3–18-year-old children (5703 boys) from randomly selected schools from five major cities in India. Height, weight, waist and wrist circumference and BP were recorded. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Wrist circumference percentiles were computed using the LMS method. Results: The average wrist circumference of boys and girls was 10.4 cm and 10.0 cm at 3 years and increased to 15.1 cm and 13.9 cm, respectively, at 18 years. Compared to their Caucasian counterparts, Indian children’s wrists were smaller. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis derived the 70th percentile of wrist circumference as the cut-off for identifying the risk of hypertension. Conclusions: Contemporary cross-sectional reference percentile curves for wrist circumference for 3–18-year-old Indian children are presented. The 70th percentile of the current study is proposed as the cut-off to screen children for cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension.

scholarly journals Anthropometric measures associated with fat mass estimation in children and adolescents with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
Carlos A.S. Alves Junior ◽  
Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima ◽  
Michele Caroline de Souza ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators

To verify the association between anthropometric indicators and body fat percentage estimated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in children and adolescents diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This cross-sectional study was carried out with 62 children and adolescents with HIV (aged 8 to 15 years). Body fat percentage was estimated by DXA and ADP. Anthropometric indicators were skinfolds (abdominal, triceps, subscapular, calf), perimeter relaxed arm (PRA), waist circumference (WC), perimeter neck, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio, conicity index, and body adiposity index. Linear regressions were performed with 5% significance level. In boys (adjusted R2 (R2adj) = 0.38 to R2adj = 0.67) and girls (R2adj = 0.41 to R2adj = 0.57), all anthropometric indicators were associated with body fat percentage estimated by DXA. For boys, skinfolds were associated with body fat percentage estimated by ADP (R2adj = 0.18 to R2adj = 0.35). In girls, skinfolds (R2adj = 0.27 to R2adj = 0.44, BMI (R2adj = 0.31), PRA (R2adj = 0.36), and WC (R2adj = 0.26) were associated to body fat percentage by ADP. Abdominal skinfold was the indicator that most explained the variation in body fat percentage measured by DXA and ADP in both sexes. Anthropometric indicators are strongly associated with body fat, measured by reference methods, and can assist health professionals in monitoring the health of children and adolescents with HIV.

scholarly journals Overweight and blood pressure: results from the examination of a selected group of adolescents in northern Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Turconi ◽  
L Maccarini ◽  
R Bazzano ◽  
C Roggi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate blood pressure (BP) levels and their relationship with different indices of body fat in a group of adolescents, in order to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and plan preventive and corrective strategies.DesignCross-sectional study in primary care.SettingAll high schools in the Aosta Valley region, northern Italy.SubjectsFive hundred and thirty-two adolescents of both sexes, aged 15·4 (standard deviation 0·7) years. The following parameters were measured: body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI), four skinfold thicknesses, body fat mass, waist and hip circumferences and BP.ResultsBMI data indicated a high prevalence of overweight subjects in both sexes, but higher in males, while the prevalence rate of obese adolescents was lower. Of the total, 11·8 % of subjects suffered from systolic hypertension, while 6·9 % suffered from diastolic hypertension. In linear correlation analysis, BMI and all adiposity indices, except waist:hip ratio, were found to be significantly associated (P ranging between 0·05 and 0·001) with both systolic BP and diastolic BP in both sexes, with r ranging between 0·152 and 0·359. Multiple regression analysis with the stepwise method showed BMI and body fat mass to have the strongest association (P < 0·001) with BP, with r ranging between 0·275 and 0·359.ConclusionUnless reversed, these conditions are worrying and predict the possible development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. There is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive medical and nutrition plan, together with preventive and corrective strategies, in school programmes.

scholarly journals Degree of Accuracy of the BMI Z-Score to Determine Excess Fat Mass Using DXA in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12114
Author(s):  
David Monasor-Ortolá ◽  
Jose Antonio Quesada-Rico ◽  
Ana Pilar Nso-Roca ◽  
Mercedes Rizo-Baeza ◽  
Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Total Fat

Obesity is caused by fat accumulation. BMI Z-score is used to classify the different degrees of weight status in children and adolescents. However, this parameter does not always express the true percentage of body fat. Our objective was to determine the degree of agreement between the fat mass percentage measured by DXA and the stratification of weight according to BMI Z-score in the pediatric age group. We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study. The patients were classified as underweight/normal weight with Z-scores between −2 and +0.99, overweight from 1 to 1.99, obese from 2 to 2.99, and very obese ≥3. We included 551 patients (47% girls), with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.8 years (3.7–18 years). Higher BMI Z-scores were associated with a higher percentage of total fat (p < 0.001). However, there were important overlaps between both parameters, such that the BMI Z-score classified patients with the same percentage of total fat mass as having a different nutritional status classification. In conclusion, the stratification of weight status according to BMI Z-score revealed that 46.7% of patients had a fat percentage that did not correspond to their classification. For a more accurate weight assessment in clinical practice, we recommend combining anthropometric indices with diagnostic tools that better correlate with DXA, such as electrical bioimpedance.

Influence of Calcium and Vitamin D Intakes on Body Composition in Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista ◽  
Emilio González-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Composition Measurements

Identifying nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy body weight and reduce the comorbidities associated with obesity is extremely important. We aimed to investigate whether calcium and vitamin D intakes are associated with body composition measurements in a population of children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,060 children and adolescents (65.8% females; 34.2% males) aged 9 to 19 years. Fat mass, percentage of fat mass, and fat-free mass were measured using a body composition analyzer (TANITA BC-418MA®). The mean dietary calcium and vitamin intakes were 829.66 ± 328.34 mg/day and 200.78 ± 400.91 IU/day. Linear regression analysis revealed a lack of significant association between daily calcium and vitamin D intakes and body composition measurements, after adjusting the model for age, sex, maturation status, and energy intake. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes do not appear to be associated with higher adiposity measurements in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals “Fitness and Fatness” in Children and Adolescents: An Italian Cross-Sectional Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Matteo Vandoni ◽  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Vittoria Carnevale Pellino ◽  
Annalisa De Silvestri ◽  
Luca Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Children with obesity tend to have lower level of physical activity compared to non-obese peers. In fact, sedentary behaviors are prevalent in obese children causing difficulties to perform motor tasks and engaging in sport activities. This, in turn, has direct repercussions on adiposity and related comorbidities. The aim of the study was to investigate several components of fitness and their relationship with the degree of fatness in children. We considered 485 Italian schoolchildren (9.5 ± 1.12 years). BMI and prediction modelling outputs of fat mass were employed as markers of body fatness. Physical fitness (PF) was assessed by the 9-item test battery (explosive power, leg muscle power, arm muscle power, upper body power, coordination, agility, speed and endurance). Differences between groups in the PF tests (p < 0.05) were noted. A similar pattern was reflected in both genders. The relationship between anthropometrics’ characteristics and PF tests showed that weight and fat mass had a high level of correlation with different PF tests. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the degree of fatness in relation with different components of fitness, in children and adolescents. This combination of proxies may cover an unexpectedly helpful screening of the youth population, for both health and performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document