scholarly journals Degree of Accuracy of the BMI Z-Score to Determine Excess Fat Mass Using DXA in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12114
Author(s):  
David Monasor-Ortolá ◽  
Jose Antonio Quesada-Rico ◽  
Ana Pilar Nso-Roca ◽  
Mercedes Rizo-Baeza ◽  
Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Total Fat

Obesity is caused by fat accumulation. BMI Z-score is used to classify the different degrees of weight status in children and adolescents. However, this parameter does not always express the true percentage of body fat. Our objective was to determine the degree of agreement between the fat mass percentage measured by DXA and the stratification of weight according to BMI Z-score in the pediatric age group. We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study. The patients were classified as underweight/normal weight with Z-scores between −2 and +0.99, overweight from 1 to 1.99, obese from 2 to 2.99, and very obese ≥3. We included 551 patients (47% girls), with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.8 years (3.7–18 years). Higher BMI Z-scores were associated with a higher percentage of total fat (p < 0.001). However, there were important overlaps between both parameters, such that the BMI Z-score classified patients with the same percentage of total fat mass as having a different nutritional status classification. In conclusion, the stratification of weight status according to BMI Z-score revealed that 46.7% of patients had a fat percentage that did not correspond to their classification. For a more accurate weight assessment in clinical practice, we recommend combining anthropometric indices with diagnostic tools that better correlate with DXA, such as electrical bioimpedance.

Desaturase Activity Is Associated With Weight Status and Metabolic Risk Markers in Young Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 3760-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Heike Schlenz ◽  
Claudia Börnhorst ◽  
Patrizia Risé ◽  
Claudio Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Z Scores

Context: Activity of delta-9, delta-6, and delta-5 desaturases (D9D, D6D, D5D) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Objective: To investigate the association of estimated desaturase activities with weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in children, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Design: The IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) cohort study was used, with examinations at baseline (T0) and after 2 years (T1). Setting and Participants: Children aged 2 to less than 10 years from eight European countries were recruited in kindergartens/primary schools. Children with available data on fatty acids, outcome, and covariate information were included in the analyses. Methods: Whole blood fatty acids were analyzed in 2600 children at baseline. D9D (16:1n-7/16:0), D6D (20:3n-6/18:2n-6), and D5D (20:4n-6/20:3n-6) activities were estimated from product-precursor fatty acids ratios. Body mass index (BMI), Homeostatic Model Assessment index, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) served as outcomes for weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, respectively. Linear and logistic regression and repeated measures models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between desaturase activity and outcomes. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, D9D and D6D were positively associated with BMI and TG z-scores and inversely with HDL z-scores. D5D was inversely associated with BMI and TG z-scores (ie, a D5D increase of 1 unit is associated with a BMI z-score decrease of 0.07 and a 28% lower odds ratio for TG ≥75th percentile). Longitudinally, similar associations were found for T0 desaturase activities with BMI and for T0 D6D with HDL at follow-up (T1). Baseline D6D and D5D were positively associated with the change of HDL z-score from T0 to T1, and D6D with the change of Homeostatic Model Assessment index z-score. Conclusion: Desaturase activities are associated with metabolic risk markers already in young children and appear to predict the metabolic risk.

scholarly journals Relative Fat Mass as an estimator of whole-body fat percentage among children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study using NHANES

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orison O. Woolcott ◽  
Richard N. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Misclassification Error ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract We evaluated the ability of the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) to estimate whole-body fat percentage among children and adolescents who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 through 2006 (n = 10,390). The RFM equation for adults (64 − (20 × height/waist circumference) + (12 × sex)) may be used for adolescents 15 to 19 years of age. For children and adolescents 8 to 14 years of age, we suggest a modified RFM equation, named as the RFMp (RFM pediatric): 74 − (22 × height/waist circumference) + (5 × sex). In both equations, sex equals 0 for boys and 1 for girls. RFMp was more accurate than BMI to estimate whole-body fat percentage (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) among girls (percentage of estimates that were <20% of measured body fat percentage, 88.2% vs. 85.7%; P = 0.027) and boys 8 to 14 years of age (83.4% vs. 71.0%; P < 0.001). RFM was more accurate than BMI among boys 15 to 19 years of age (82.3% vs. 73.9%; P < 0.001) but slightly less accurate among girls (89.0% vs. 92.6%; P = 0.002). Compared with BMI-for-age percentiles, RFMp had lower misclassification error of overweight or obesity (defined as a DXA-measured body fat percentage at the 85th percentile or higher) among boys 8 to 14 years of age (6.5% vs. 7.9%; P = 0.018) but not girls (RFMp: 8.2%; BMI-for-age: 7.9%; P = 0.681). Misclassification error of overweight or obesity was similar for RFM and BMI-for-age percentiles among girls (RFM: 8.0%; BMI-for-age: 6.6%; P = 0.076) and boys 15 to 19 years of age (RFM: 6.9%; BMI-for-age: 7.8%; P = 0.11). RFMp for children and adolescents 8 to 14 years of age and RFM for adolescents 15 to 19 years of age were useful to estimate whole-body fat percentage and diagnose body fat-defined overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Adiposity measures and their validity in estimating risk of hypertension in South Asian children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke O Fowokan ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Miriam Rosin ◽  
Katherine M Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectiveGiven the South Asian phenotype of higher body fat at similar body mass index (BMI) relative to Caucasians, we sought to explore the association between prominent adiposity indicators with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, to compare the accuracy of these indicators in estimating hypertension, and to provide cut-off values associated with adverse hypertension risk in South Asian children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based recruitment in two Canadian cities (Hamilton and Surrey).ParticipantsSouth Asian children (n=762) were recruited from two Canadian cities. Waist circumference, waist to height ratio and BMI were determined. Body fat percentage was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and BP was assessed using an automated device. All variables (except body fat percentage) were transformed to z-scores using published standards.Outcome measuresLinear and Poisson regression was used to explore associations between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to explore the strength of the adiposity indicators in estimating hypertension risk and sex-stratified optimal adiposity cut-off values associated with hypertension risk.ResultsSignificant associations were detected in adjusted and unadjusted models between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension (p<0.01 for all). The area under the curve (AUC) values for the adiposity indicators for boys and girls ranged from 0.74 to 0.80, suggesting that the adiposity indicators are fair measures of estimating hypertension risk. Sex-stratified cut-off associated with adverse risk of hypertension for girls and boys, respectively, were at the 92nd and 82nd percentile for BMI z-scores, 65th and 80th percentile for WC z-score, 63rd and 67th percentile for WHtR z-score and at 29.8% and 23.5% for body fat.ConclusionOur results show associations between adiposity indicators with BP and hypertension and suggests that South Asian children might be at adverse risk of hypertension at levels of adiposity considered normal.

scholarly journals Impact of Childhood Obesity and Psychological Factors on Sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Mazurak ◽  
Jessica Cook ◽  
Alisa Weiland ◽  
Yvonne Ritze ◽  
Michael Urschitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aim of the study was to analyze sleep duration and behaviors in relation to psychological parameters in children and adolescents with obesity seeking inpatient weight-loss treatment in comparison to normal-weight children, and whether or not these variables would improve during the time course of treatment. Sixty children or adolescents with overweight and obesity (OBE) and 27 normal-weight (NW) peers (age: 9–17) were assessed for subjective sleep measures through self-reported and parent-reported questionnaires, as well as body weight, body composition, and psychological questionnaires. The OBE participants were assessed upon admission and before discharge of an inpatient multidisciplinary weight-loss program. NW participants' data were collected for cross-sectional comparison. In comparison to NW, children and adolescents with OBE had a shorter self-reported sleep duration and had poorer sleep behaviors and more sleep-disordered breathing as reported by their parents. No change in sleep measures occurred during the inpatient treatment. Psychological factors including higher anxiety, depression, and destructive-anger-related emotion regulation were moderate predictors for unfavorable sleep outcomes, independent of weight status. Children with obesity had less favorable sleep patterns, and psychological factors influenced sleep in children, independent of weight. More research is needed on the relationship and direction of influence between sleep, psychological factors, and obesity, and whether they can be integrated in the prevention and management of childhood obesity and possibly also other pediatric diseases.

Comparison of Perceived and Measured Body Composition in a Military Population: An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Sibille ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pretalli ◽  
Julienne Grillot
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Introduction Weight status perception (WSP) is the subjective assessment of one’s own body weight. It is not correlated with the body mass index (BMI). People practicing sports, including overweight people, tend to perceive themselves as normal weight. The military is in a paradoxical position between the need to gain muscle mass for professional purposes while respecting BMI standards. Using body composition might be more advantageous than using BMI as part of an individual approach in making a decision about fitness to serve. However, measuring body composition is not easy in current practice, and a bridge between WSP and body composition would make it possible to develop a simple assessment tool. Materials and Methods This was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study. We collected sociodemographic data, anthropometric data, and WSP. Results Thirty-eight subjects were included. Among them, 71.1% were male. Mean age was 31.2 years (SD 8.9). The BMI was greater than 25 for 15 (39.5%) subjects. Twenty-four (63.2%) defined themselves as being overweight. Thirteen were overweight according to fat percentage (Fat%). A significant association (P = .008) was found between WSP and Fat%. Conclusion We were able to show a statistically significant association between WSP and Fat%. Such an association may be of great interest because the measurement of the Fat%, whatever the method used, is not easy in current practice. A replication of the study in the general population would be of great interest, especially since Fat% is closely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and many cancers.

scholarly journals Spinal curvatures of children and adolescents – a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Grabara ◽  
Anna Bieniec ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spinal Curvatures ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
And Gender

Summary Study aim: The aim was to assess the spinal curvatures of primary and lower secondary male and female students from Silesia and to identify individual variations that can determine spinal posture.Material and methods: The study involved 331 girls and 286 boys aged 8 to 16 years. Eligible criteria were non-participation in any professional sport training, and participation in mandatory physical education classes. Posture was evaluated using the moiré method. Measurements of somatic parameters were made with a medical scale using a height meter and a Tanita electronic balance.Results: Dimorphic postural differences of boys and girls were seen mainly in the shape of lumbar lordosis. Girls were more lordotic than boys at all ages except 10-years-olds. Angle γ was significantly greater in 9-, 15- and 16-year-old girls than boys. LLA was significantly more prominent in 15- and 16-year-old girls than boys. Thoracic kyphosis was significantly more prominent in 8- and 11-year-old boys than girls. We also found a significant effect of age and somatic parameters. In boys mean lumbar lordosis was more pronounced in 10-year-olds. In girls fat mass, fat percentage and BMI correlated with angle α and angle Δ. In boys body height and mass, fat mass, total body water and BMI correlated with angles β, γ, Δ, and lordosis lumbar angle.Conclusions: The shape of lumbar lordosis is associated with age and gender. Lumbar lordosis decreases with age in male children and adolescents. Our study revealed poor correlations between sagittal spinal curvatures and somatic parameters.

The sex-based disparity in BMI-for-age z-score trends among Xinjiang children and adolescents using four rounds of cross-sectional surveys from 1985 to 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-739
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Cunjian Bi ◽  
Junmin Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Score Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Prevent Weight Gain ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate trends in body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-scores among children and adolescents in Xinjiang. Methods Data were obtained for children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in Xinjiang from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in 1985 (n = 14 683), 1995 (n = 7198), 2005 (n = 10 253) and 2014 (n = 18 521). Results The BMI-for-age z-score distribution of children and adolescents in Xinjiang showed an increased mean BMI-for-age z-score, dispersion and right-skewed of BMI-values, with a rapid increase in BMI with increasing BMI percentiles. The sex-based disparity in BMI-for-age z-scores became wider in the past 30 years. Conclusions Sex-based targeted public health measures and policies are urgently needed in Xinjiang. The rapid increases in the upper percentiles also implicated further efforts to prevent weight gain in those living already with overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Weight Status and Body Composition Dynamics in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Azoulay ◽  
Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan ◽  
Hadar Yaacov ◽  
Inbar Gilboa ◽  
Adar Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The preventive measures taken in attempt to prevent COVID-19 spread lead to closure of schools and leisure time activities. The impact of the pandemic on pediatric weight status is unclear, reports from around the world predict grave consequences with increasing obesity. We aimed to examine the change in body composition parameters of children and adolescents during the pandemic.Materials and Methods: An observational study of 220 pediatric subjects (109 boys; mean current age 11.8 ± 3.3 years; 37 with underweight, 123 with normal weight, and 60 with overweight/obesity) who underwent height and body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis, Tanita MC-780MA, GMON Professional Software before and during the pandemic. Height, body mass index (BMI) and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores were calculated. Data collected from the participants' medical files included home address for socioeconomic position calculation, pubertal stage, and self-reported sleep duration and physical activity performance.Results: The vast majority of the cohort (81.8%) had stable or improved MFR z-scores during the pandemic. MFR z-scores significantly increased in subjects with underweight (p = 0.05) and normal weight (p = 0.008), but not in subjects with overweight/obesity (p = 0.169). There were significant associations in BMI z-scores (r = 0.961, p &lt; 0.001) and MFR z-scores (r = 0.854, p &lt; 0.001) before and during the pandemic. A multivariate linear regression model identified socioeconomic position, pre-pandemic BMI z-scores, pre-pandemic MFR z-scores, and physical activity levels during the pandemic as predictors for delta MFR z-scores (F = 12.267, p &lt; 0.001). Age, sex, pre-pandemic physical activity, and the time that had elapsed between initiation of the first nationwide lockdown and the BIA assessment during the pandemic did not emerge as predictors for delta MFR z-score.Conclusions: Our encouraging findings demonstrate improvement in body composition parameters of subjects with underweight and normal weight and stability in subjects with overweight/obesity. Engagement in physical activity during the pandemic predicted improvement, while lower socioeconomic position predicted deterioration.

Effect of serum cholesterol on bone mineral density in normal-weight children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Hyuk Lim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractWe investigated whether there is a relationship between serum cholesterol and bone mineral density (BMD), independent of BMI in children and adolescents. This study was based on data from the KNHANES 2009–2010. The data for 1557 children and adolescents were analyzed and classified into three groups: underweight, normal-weight, and overweight. We analyzed the relationships between serum cholesterol and BMD z-scores. Whole body BMD z-score was revealed as an inverse association with the serum cholesterol quartile in only normal-weight group (p=0.008). Serum cholesterol level correlated more inversely with BMD z-score in normal-weight boys (

Variable relationship of fat mass and bone with pubertal staging in obese and normal weight Indian children and adolescents

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadilkar Anuradha ◽  
Ekbote Veena ◽  
Pandit Deepa ◽  
Chiplonkar Shashi ◽  
Zulf Mughal M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Relationship Of
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document