scholarly journals The Acute Effect of a Single Exhaustive Sprint Exercise Session on Post-Exercise Fat Oxidation Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Zübeyde Aslankeser ◽  
Şükrü Serdar Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Study Results

Abstract It is well known that substrate oxidation rates are increased by exercise. The present study had two main objectives: firstly, to examine the effect of a single exhaustive exercise session on post-exercise substrate oxidation and energy expenditure; and secondly, to determine the differences between athletes and non-athletes.Material and methods: Eighteen healthy male athletes (mean ± SD age; 19.38 ± 2.26 years, VO2max; 60.57 ± 3.90 ml · kg-1 · min-1, n = 8) and non-athletes (age; 20.30 ± 1.26 years, VO2max; 44.97 ± 5.43 ml · kg-1 ·min-1, n = 10) volunteered to participate in the study. After an overnight fast, subjects performed a single sprint exercise session on a cycle ergometer with individual loads (0.075 kg per body weight) until volitional exhaustion. Energy expenditure (EE) and the substrate oxidation rate were measured at rest and during the post-exercise recovery period using indirect calorimetry. Results: Exhaustive exercise significantly increased post-exercise fat oxidation, energy expenditure and contribution of fat to EE (p < 0.05). Also, it significantly decreased post-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation and the contribution of CHO to EE (p < 0.05). However, the changes in the substrate oxidation rate and EE after the exercise test were not different between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study results suggest that a single short-duration exhaustive exercise session causes a higher fat oxidation rate during recovery than at rest, whereas training status did not affect this situation

Substrate oxidation during exercise in taekwondo athletes: impact of aerobic fitness status

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
B. Taati ◽  
H. Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation

The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect of different aerobic fitness levels on substrate oxidation in trained taekwondo athletes. 57 male athletes (age 21.10±7.79 years; VO2max 50.67±6.67 ml/kg/min) with regular weekly taekwondo training and training experience of at least three years completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill. Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the exercise intensity related to MFO (Fatmax), and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rate were measured using indirect calorimetry methods. The athletes then were divided into a low (<50 ml/kg/min, n=18) and high (>50 ml/kg/min, n=39) VO2max group. The average MFO was higher in the high VO2max group than in the low VO2max group (0.46±0.19 vs 0.28±0.11 g/min; P<0.001). Although Fatmax tended toward higher values in the high VO2max group, no difference was observed between the groups (49.15±15.22 vs 42.42±12.37% of VO2max; P=0.18). It was also shown that the high VO2max group had a lower CHO oxidation rate and a higher fat oxidation rate at given exercise intensities. In conclusion, it seems that MFO and substrate oxidation rates in taekwondo athletes can be influenced by aerobic fitness level such that the athletes with higher VO2max appeared to use more fat as a fuel source for energy supply during a given exercise.

Abstract P125: Multiple Measures of Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation in Non-obese White and African American Young Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T Katzmarzyk ◽  
Eric Ravussin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Multiple Measures ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: African Americans (AA) experience higher rates of obesity and related disorders than the general U.S. population. It has been hypothesized that the increased risk of obesity among AA may be explained, in part, by lower levels of energy expenditure (EE) and lower levels of fat oxidation. However, many different measures of EE and substrate oxidation have been employed across previous studies. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare multiple measures of EE and substrate oxidation among White (W) and AA adults. We hypothesize that AA will have lower EE and lower fat oxidation rates than W. Methods: A sample of 12 young (ages 22 to 35 y), non-obese AA adults was recruited from the local community and pair-matched by age, sex and body mass index (BMI) to a sample of 12 W adults. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated (kg/m 2 ). Total fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Resting EE (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured in a fasting state using a metabolic cart; 24-hour EE, 24-h RQ, sleep EE and sleep RQ were measured in a whole room calorimeter; and free-living total daily EE (TDEE) was measured over two weeks using doubly labelled water. Physical activity level (PAL) was computed as TDEE/REE. Differences between W and AA were determined using general linear models, adjusting for FFM. Results: The analytic sample had a mean age of 27.0 y (SD 4.3 y) and mean BMI of 22.9 kg/m 2 (SD 2.9 kg/m 2 ). There were no significant differences in age, BMI, FM or FFM between W and AA (all p>0.05). However, W had significantly higher REE (1459 vs 1305 kcal/day; p=0.001), 24-h EE (1826 versus 1737 kcal/day; p=0.02), sleep EE (1509 vs 1405 kcal/day; p=0.005); but not TDEE (2452 vs 2313 kcal/day; p=0.30) compared to AA. There were no race differences in RQ (0.83 vs 0.83; p=0.93), 24-h RQ (0.86 vs 0.88; p=0.24) or sleep RQ (0.86 vs 0.87; p=0.44). On the other hand, AA had higher PAL (1.34 vs 1.26; p=0.04) compared to W. Conclusions: Non-obese W adults demonstrated higher REE, 24-h EE, and sleep EE compared to AA, but had similar levels of free-living TDEE. It appears as though some AA adults may compensate for lower REE by increased physical activity, which may be an effective strategy to prevent weight gain and obesity.

scholarly journals Resting Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation in Malnourished Patients With Type 1 Glycogenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5566-5572
Author(s):  
Silvio Buscemi ◽  
Davide Noto ◽  
Carola Buscemi ◽  
Anna Maria Barile ◽  
Giuseppe Rosafio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Context Type 1a and 1b glycogenosis [glycogen storage disorder (GSD)1a, GSD1b] are rare diseases generally associated with malnutrition. Although abnormal substrate oxidation rates and elevated energy expenditures might contribute to malnutrition, this issue has not been investigated. Objective To investigate whether abnormal resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation rate characterize patients with GSD1. Design Cross-sectional study Setting Outpatient referral center for rare diseases and laboratory of clinical nutrition at the University Hospital of Palermo Patients Five consecutive patients with GSD1 (4 type a, 1 type b; 3 men, 2 women; age range, 19 to 49 years) Main Outcome Measures The usual clinical procedures for patients with malnutrition, including REE and basal substrate oxidation rate (both indirect calorimetry), body composition (bioimpedance method), muscle strength (hand-grip test), and the usual laboratory tests, were performed. Results Malnutrition was clearly diagnosed in 2 patients (1 GSD1a and 1 GSD1b), with REE elevated in all five patients, and especially, in the two malnourished patients (+124% and +32.1% vs predictive values using Harris-Benedict equations). The two malnourished patients also exhibited lower basal protein oxidation rates (7.7% and 6.6%) than the nourished patients (range, 12.1% to 24.7%), with higher carbohydrate or lipid oxidation rates. Additionally, the two malnourished patients exhibited higher blood concentrations of lactic acid than the nourished patients. Conclusions According to data obtained from our small sample of patients with GSD1, elevated REEs seem to be a common characteristic that might contribute to malnutrition. Low basal protein oxidation rates and elevated blood lactic acid concentrations appear to be associated with malnutrition.

scholarly journals Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Substrate Oxidation during Exercise

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz ◽  
David Varillas-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽  
Trial Participants

By using deceptive experiments in which participants are informed that they received caffeine when, in fact, they received an inert substance (i.e., placebo), several investigations have demonstrated that exercise performance can be enhanced to a similar degree as a known caffeine dose. This ‘placebo effect’ phenomenon may be part of the mechanisms explaining caffeine’s ergogenicity in exercise. However, there is no study that has established whether the placebo effect of caffeine is also present for other benefits obtained with acute caffeine intake, such as enhanced fat oxidation during exercise. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to investigate the placebo effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise. Twelve young men participated in a deceptive double-blind cross-over experiment. Each participant completed three identical trials consisting of a step incremental exercise test from 30 to 80% of V.O2max. In the two first trials, participants ingested either 3 mg/kg of cellulose (placebo) or 3 mg/kg of caffeine (received caffeine) in a randomized order. In the third trial, participants were informed that they had received 3 mg/kg of caffeine, but a placebo was provided (informed caffeine). Fat oxidation rates were derived from stoichiometric equations. In received caffeine, participants increased their rate of fat oxidation over the values obtained with the placebo at 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of V.O2max (all p < 0.050). In informed caffeine, participants increased their rate of fat oxidation at 30%, 40%, 50% 60%, and 70% of V.O2max (all p < 0.050) over the placebo, while there were no differences between received versus informed caffeine. In comparison to placebo (0.32 ± 0.15 g/min), the rate of maximal fat oxidation was higher in received caffeine (0.44 ± 0.22 g/min, p = 0.045) and in informed caffeine (0.41 ± 0.20 g/min, p = 0.026) with no differences between received versus informed caffeine. However, the intensity at which maximal fat oxidation rate was obtained (i.e., Fatmax) was similar in placebo, received caffeine, and informed caffeine trials (42.5 ± 4.5, 44.2 ± 9.0, and 41.7 ± 10.5% of V.O2max, respectively, p = 0.539). In conclusion, the expectancy of having received caffeine produced similar effects on fat oxidation rate during exercise than actually receiving caffeine. Therefore, the placebo effect of caffeine is also present for the benefits of acute caffeine intake on substrate oxidation during exercise and it may be used to enhance fat oxidation during exercise in participants while reducing any risks to health that this substance may have.

scholarly journals Re-examination of the contribution of substrates to energy expenditure during high-intensity intermittent exercise in endurance athletes

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zübeyde Aslankeser ◽  
Şükrü Serdar Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Athlete Group

BackgroundIt has been believed that the contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure is becoming negligible at higher exercise intensities (about 85% VO2max). The aim of the present study was to examine the changes in substrate oxidation during high-intensity interval exercise in young adult men.MethodsA total of 18 healthy well-trained (aged 19.60 ± 0.54 years, BMI = 22.19 ± 0.64 kg/m2,n = 10) and untrained (aged 20.25 ± 0.41 years, BMI = 22.78 ± 0.38 kg/m2,n = 8) young men volunteered to participate in this study. After an overnight fast, subjects were tested on a cycle ergometer and completed six 4-min bouts of cycling (at ∼80% VO2max) with 2 min of rests between intervals. Energy expenditure and the substrate oxidation rate were measured during the experiment by using indirect calorimetry. The blood lactate concentration was collected immediately after each interval workout.ResultsThe fat oxidation rate during each workout was significantly different between the untrained and the athlete groups (p < 0.05), and the carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rate during the experiment was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, lactate concentration significantly increased in the untrained group (p < 0.05), whereas it did not significantly change in the athlete group during the workouts (p > 0.05). Fat contribution to energy expenditure was significantly higher in the athlete group (∼25%) than in the untrained group (∼2%).ConclusionsThe present study indicates that 17 times more fat oxidation was measured in the athlete group compared to the untrained group. However, the athletes had the same CHO oxidation rate as the recreationally active subjects during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Higher fat oxidation rate despite the same CHO oxidation rate may be related to higher performance in the trained group.

Effect of Protein Ingestion on Energy Expenditure and Substrate Utilization after Exercise in Middle-Aged Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Benton ◽  
Pamela D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Baseline Values

Research suggests that ingesting protein after resistance exercise (RE) increases muscle protein synthesis and results in greater muscle gains. The effect on energy expenditure and substrate utilization, however, is unclear. This study evaluated the effect of RE and post exercise protein on recovery energy expenditure and substrate utilization in 17 women (age 46.5 ± 1.2 y). A whey-protein supplement (120 kcal, 30 g protein) was ingested immediately after 1 bout of RE (PRO) and a non caloric placebo after another (PLA). VO2 and respiratory-exchange ratio (RER) were measured before and for 120 min after each exercise session. RE resulted in a significant increase in VO2 that persisted through 90 min of recovery (P < 0.01) and was not affected by protein supplementation. RE significantly lowered RER, resulting in an increase in fat oxidation for both PLA and PRO (P < 0.01). For PRO, however, RER returned to baseline values earlier than for PLA, resulting in a reduced fat-oxidation response (P = 0.02) and earlier return to pre exercise baseline values than for PLA. Substrate utilization was significantly different between conditions (P = 0.02), with fat contributing 77.76% ± 2.19% for PLA and 72.12% ± 2.17% for PRO, while protein oxidation increased from 17.18% ± 1.33% for PLA to 20.82% ± 1.47% for PRO. Post exercise protein did not affect energy expenditure, but when protein was available as an alternate fuel fat oxidation was diminished. Based on these findings it might be beneficial for middle-aged women to delay protein intake after RE to maximize fat utilization.

Changes in 24-h substrate oxidation in older and younger men in response to exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
William T. Donahoo ◽  
Gary K. Grunwald ◽  
Robert Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Time Point

The purpose of this study was to compare 24-h substrate oxidation in older (OM; 60–75 yr, n = 7) and younger (YM; 20–30 yr, n = 7) men studied on sedentary day (Con) and on a day with exercise (Ex; net energy expenditure = 300 kcal). Plasma glucose and free fatty acids were also measured at several time points during the 24-h measurement. Weight was not different in OM and YM (means ± SD; 84.8 ± 16.9 vs. 81.4 ± 10.4 kg, respectively), although percent body fat was slightly higher in OM (25.9 ± 3.5 vs. 21.9 ± 9.7%; P = 0.17).Values of 24-h energy expenditure did not differ in OM and YM on the Con (means ± SE; 2,449 ± 162 vs. 2,484 ± 104 kcal/day, respectively) or Ex (2,902 ± 154 vs. 2,978 ± 122 kcal/day) days. Under both conditions, 24-h respiratory quotient was significantly lower and fat oxidation significantly higher in OM. Glucose concentrations were not different at any time point, but plasma free fatty acid concentrations were higher in OM, particularly following meals. Thus, under these controlled conditions, 24-h fat oxidation was not reduced and was in fact greater in OM. We speculate that differences in the availability of circulating free fatty acids in the postprandial state contributed to the observed differences in 24-h fat oxidation in OM and YM.

Comparison of indirect calorimetry and a new breath 13C/12C ratio method during strenuous exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. E64-E71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Romijn ◽  
E. F. Coyle ◽  
J. Hibbert ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Oxidation Rates

A new stable isotope method for the determination of substrate oxidation rates in vivo is described and compared with indirect calorimetry at rest and during high-intensity exercise (30 min at 80-85% maximal O2 uptake capacity) in six well-trained cyclists. This method uses the absolute ratios of 13C/12C in expired air, endogenous glucose, fat, and protein in addition to O2 consumption and is independent of CO2 production (VCO2). Carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates at rest, calculated by both methods, were not significantly different. During exercise the breath 13C/12C ratio increased and reached a steady state after 15-20 min. Carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise were 39.4 +/- 5.2 and 41.7 +/- 5.7 mg.kg-1.min-1 [not significant (NS)], and fat oxidation rates were 7.3 +/- 1.3 and 6.9 +/- 1.2 mg.kg-1.min-1 (NS), using indirect calorimetry, and the breath ratio method, respectively. We conclude that the breath 13C/12C ratio method can be used to calculate substrate oxidation under different conditions, such as the basal state and exercise. In addition, the results obtained by this new method support the validity of the underlying assumption that indirect calorimetry regards VCO2 as a reflection of tissue CO2 production, during exercise in trained subjects, even up to 80-85% maximal O2 uptake.

scholarly journals The acute effects of olive oil v. cream on postprandial thermogenesis and substrate oxidation in postmenopausal women

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Soares ◽  
S. J. Cummings ◽  
J. C. L. Mamo ◽  
M. Kenrick ◽  
L. S. Piers
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis

The influence of the source of dietary fat on postprandial thermogenesis and substrate oxidation rates, was examined in twelve postmenopausal women aged 57–73 years, with BMI 21·9–38·3 kg/m2. A single blind, randomised, paired comparison of two high-fat, isoenergetic, mixed test meals was conducted. The major source of fat was either cream (CREAM) or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). RMR, diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and substrate oxidation rates over 5 h were measured by indirect calorimetry. There were no differences in body weight, RMR, fasting carbohydrate or fat oxidation rates between the two occasions. DIT (EVOO 97 (sd 46) v. CREAM 76 (sd 69) kJ/5 h and EVOO 5·2 (sd 2·5) v. CREAM 4·1 (sd 3·7)% energy) did not differ between the two test meals. The postprandial increase in carbohydrate oxidation rates, relative to their respective fasting values (ΔCOX), was significantly lower following the EVOO meal (EVOO 10·6 (sd 8·3) v. CREAM 17·5 (sd 10) g/5 h; paired t test, P=0·023), while postprandial fat oxidation rates (ΔFOX) were significantly higher (EVOO 0·0 (sd 4·4) v. CREAM -3·6 (sd 4·0) g/5 h; P=0·028). In the eight obese subjects, however, DIT was significantly higher following the EVOO meal (EVOO 5·1 (sd 2·0) v. CREAM 2·5 (sd 2·9) %; P=0·01). This was accompanied by a significantly lower ΔCOX (EVOO 10·9 (sd 9·9) v. CREAM 17·3 (sd 10·5) g/5 h; P=0·03) and significantly higher ΔFOX (EVOO 0·11 (sd 4·4) v. CREAM −4·1 (sd 4·5) g/5 h, P=0·034). The present study showed that olive oil significantly promoted postprandial fat oxidation and stimulated DIT in abdominally obese postmenopausal women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document