Cross-species PCR and field studies on Paulownia elongata: A potential bioenergy crop

AbstractPaulownia elongata is a short-rotation fast growing tree and is known for high biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration potential. Optimization of protocols for nucleic acid extraction, PCR, RT-PCR, and other molecular biology techniques are required for better understanding of cellulose synthesis and to assess the potential of Paulownia as a biofuel tree. The main objective of this work was to study a putative cellulose synthase amplicon expression under various environmental conditions and evaluate the potentials of Paulownia as a biofuel tree. Using cross-species PCR an amplicon representative of a putative cellulose synthase gene from Paulownia was identified. This 177-bp long DNA sequence was 46% similar with cellulose synthase genes from Arabidopsis as expected. Gene specific primers for this particular Paulownia cellulose synthase gene were designed and reverse transcription PCR was performed to confirm its transcription. We report an inexpensive cDNA dot-blot method to study expression of this gene under various environmental conditions. We observed that cold and, to a lesser extent, heat stress downregulated its expression. This information will help to understand cellulose deposition in plant cell wall under stressful conditions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first characterization of a cDNA sequence from Paulownia elongata.

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Identification of Putative Cell Wall Synthesis Genes in Betula pendula

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33560/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Song Chen ◽

Xin Lin ◽

Xiyang Zhao ◽

Su Chen

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Secondary Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Gene Families ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Cell Wall Synthesis ◽

Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis

Abstract BackgroundCellulose is an essential structural component of plant cell wall and is an important resource to produce paper, textiles, bioplastics and other biomaterials. The synthesis of cellulose is among the most important but poorly understood biochemical processes, which is precisely regulated by internal and external cues.ResultsHere, we identified 46 gene models in 7 gene families which encoding cellulose synthase and related enzymes of Betula pendula, and the transcript abundance of these genes in xylem, root, leaf and flower tissues also be determined. Based on these RNA-seq data, we have identified 8 genes that most likely participate in secondary cell wall synthesis, which include 3 cellulose synthase genes and 5 cellulose synthase-like genes. In parallel, a gene co-expression network was also constructed based on transcriptome sequencing.ConclusionsIn this study, we have identified a total of 46 cell wall synthesis genes in B. pendula, which include 8 secondary cell wall synthesis genes. These analyses will help decipher the genetic information of the cell wall synthesis genes, elucidate the molecular mechanism of cellulose synthesis and understand the cell wall structure in B. pendula.

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Updating Insights into the Catalytic Domain Properties of Plant Cellulose synthase (CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) Proteins

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4335

Author(s):

Gerasimos Daras ◽

Dimitris Templalexis ◽

Fengoula Avgeri ◽

Dikran Tsitsekian ◽

Konstantina Karamanou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Catalytic Domain ◽

Economic Value ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Protein Isoforms ◽

Research Progress ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Biotic Stresses

The wall is the last frontier of a plant cell involved in modulating growth, development and defense against biotic stresses. Cellulose and additional polysaccharides of plant cell walls are the most abundant biopolymers on earth, having increased in economic value and thereby attracted significant interest in biotechnology. Cellulose biosynthesis constitutes a highly complicated process relying on the formation of cellulose synthase complexes. Cellulose synthase (CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes encode enzymes that synthesize cellulose and most hemicellulosic polysaccharides. Arabidopsis and rice are invaluable genetic models and reliable representatives of land plants to comprehend cell wall synthesis. During the past two decades, enormous research progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of cellulose synthesis and construction of the plant cell wall. A plethora of cesa and csl mutants have been characterized, providing functional insights into individual protein isoforms. Recent structural studies have uncovered the mode of CesA assembly and the dynamics of cellulose production. Genetics and structural biology have generated new knowledge and have accelerated the pace of discovery in this field, ultimately opening perspectives towards cellulose synthesis manipulation. This review provides an overview of the major breakthroughs gathering previous and recent genetic and structural advancements, focusing on the function of CesA and Csl catalytic domain in plants.

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Gibberellin induced transcription factor bZIP53 regulates CesA1 expression in maize kernels

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0244591

Author(s):

Huayang Lv ◽

Xiao Li ◽

Hui Li ◽

Yufeng Hu ◽

Hanmei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Hormone Regulation ◽

Grain Development ◽

Cellulose Synthase Gene ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Maize Kernels

Proper development of the maize kernel is of great significance for high and stable maize yield to ensure national food security. Gibberellin (GA), one of the hormones regulating plant growth, is involved in modulating the development of maize kernels. Cellulose, one of the main components of plant cells, is also regulated by gibberellin. The mechanism of hormone regulation during maize grain development is highly complicated, and reports on GA-mediated modulation of cellulose synthesis during maize grain development are rare. Our study revealed that during grain growth and development, the grain length and bulk density of GA-treated corn kernels improved significantly, and the cellulose content of grains increased, while seed coat thickness decreased. The transcription factor basic region/leucine zipper motif 53 (bZIP53), which is strongly correlated with cellulose synthase gene 1 (CesA1) expression, was screened by transcriptome sequencing and the expression of the cellulose synthase gene in maize grain development after GA treatment was determined. It was found that bZIP53 expression significantly promoted the expression of CesA1. Further, analysis of the transcription factor bZIP53 determined that the gene-encoded protein was localized in the cell and nuclear membranes, but the transcription factor bZIP53 itself showed no transcriptional activation. Further studies are required to explore the interaction of bZIP53 with CesA1.

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Characterization of Cellulose Synthesis in Plant Cells

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2016/8641373 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Samaneh Sadat Maleki ◽

Kourosh Mohammadi ◽

Kong-shu Ji

Keyword(s):

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Cellulose Microfibrils ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Forest Trees ◽

Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽

Wood Production ◽

Cellulose Synthase Complex

Cellulose is the most significant structural component of plant cell wall. Cellulose, polysaccharide containing repeated unbranchedβ(1-4) D-glucose units, is synthesized at the plasma membrane by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) from bacteria to plants. The CSC is involved in biosynthesis of cellulose microfibrils containing 18 cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins. Macrofibrils can be formed with side by side arrangement of microfibrils. In addition, beside CesA, various proteins like the KORRIGAN, sucrose synthase, cytoskeletal components, and COBRA-like proteins have been involved in cellulose biosynthesis. Understanding the mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis is of great importance not only for improving wood production in economically important forest trees to mankind but also for plant development. This review article covers the current knowledge about the cellulose biosynthesis-related gene family.

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