The three-dimensional fine structure of the human heart: a scanning electron microscopic atlas for research and education

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulína Gálfiová ◽  
Štefan Polák ◽  
Renáta Mikušová ◽  
Andrea Gažová ◽  
Daniel Kosnáč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Research And Education

AbstractKnowledge about the three-dimensional fine structure of human heart, as a crucial vital organ of the body, is not only fascinating from the scientific or educational points of view, but has a very important clinical impact. Therefore, we decided to create a three-dimensional atlas of fine structure of the human heart. Tissue samples from ten human hearts were rinsed in phosphate-buffer solution, fixed by glutaraldehyde buffered solution, and post-fixed in osmium tetroxide solution. A gentle dehydration with ethanol in different concentration and drying at the critical point of CO

Three-Dimensional Glucose/Oxygen Biofuel Cells Based on Enzymes Embedded in Tetrabutylammonium Modified Nafion

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Hui ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Rong Cai ◽  
Shelley D. Minteer
Keyword(s):  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Enzymatic Biofuel Cell

Abstract A stable three-dimensional glucose/oxygen enzymatic biofuel cell is fabricated based on the method of polymer encapsulation-based immobilization. And three-dimensional carbon felt is used as the substrate of the bio-electrode for increasing enzymatic loading density. Gold nanoparticles and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are employed to promote direct electron transfer and enhance conductivity and electron conduction rate of bio-electrodes. Glucose dehydrogenase and bilirubin oxidase are immobilized with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) modified Nafion, which enhances the stability of the bio-electrodes by the immobilization method. A membrane-free glucose/oxygen biofuel cell is assembled with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V and a maximum power density of 21.9 ± 0.1 μW/cm2 in 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution with 100 mM glucose and air saturation. And the biofuel cell shows high stability to the condition. After 60 days of periodic storage experiments, the performance of the enzymatic biofuel cell still maintained 90.3% of its electrochemical performance.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF CORTICAL COMPONENTS OF PARAMECIUM MULTIMICRONUCLEATUM

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert W. Sedar ◽  
Keith R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Ciliary Membrane ◽  
The Matrix

The electron microscope was used to study the structure and three dimensional relationships of the components of the body cortex in thin sections of Paramecium multimicronucleatum. Micrographs of sections show that the cortex is covered externally by two closely apposed membranes (together ∼250 A thick) constituting the pellicle. Beneath the pellicle the surface of the animal is molded into ridges that form a polygonal ridgework with depressed centers. It is these ridges that give the surface of the organism its characteristic configuration and correspond to the outer fibrillar system of the light microscope image. The outer ends of the trichocysts with their hood-shaped caps are located in the centers of the anterior and posterior ridges of each polygon. The cilia extend singly from the depressed centers of the surface polygons. Each cilium shows two axial filaments with 9 peripheral and parallel filaments embedded in a matrix and the whole surrouned by a thin ciliary membrane. The 9 peripheral filaments are double and these are evenly spaced in a circle around the central pair. The ciliary membrane is continuous with the outer member of the pellicular membrane, whereas the plasma membrane is continuous with the inner member of the pellicular membrane. At the level of the plasma membrane the proximal end of the cilium is continuous with its tube-shaped basal body or kinetosome. The peripheral filaments of the cilium, together with the material of cortical matrix which tends to condense around them, form the sheath of the basal body. The kinetodesma connecting the ciliary kinetosomes (inner fibrillar system of the light microscopist) is composed of a number of discrete fibrils which overlap in a shingle-like fashion. Each striated kinetosomal fibril originates from a ciliary kinetosome and runs parallel to other kinetosomal fibrils arising from posterior kinetosomes of a particular meridional array. Sections at the level of the ciliary kinetosomes reveal an additional fiber system, the infraciliary lattice system, which is separate and distinct from the kinetodesmal system. This system consists of a fibrous network of irregular polygons and runs roughly parallel to the surface of the animal. Mitochondria have a fine structure similar in general features to that described for a number of mammalian cell types, but different in certain details. The structures corresponding to cristae mitochondriales appear as finger-like projections or microvilli extending into the matrix of the organelle from the inner membrane of the paired mitochondrial membrane. The cortical cytoplasm contains also a particulate component and a system of vesicles respectively comparable to the nucleoprotein particles and to the endoplasmic reticulum described in various metazoan cell types. An accessory kinetosome has been observed in oblique sections of a number of non-dividing specimens slightly removed from the ciliary kinetosome and on the same meridional line as the cilia and trichocysts. Its position corresponds to the location of the kinetosome of the newly formed cilium in animals selected as being in the approaching fission stage of the life cycle.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Topical Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Experimental Dry Eye Syndrome Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrullah Beyazyıldız ◽  
Ferda Alpaslan Pınarlı ◽  
Özlem Beyazyıldız ◽  
Emine Rümeysa Hekimoğlu ◽  
Uğur Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Purpose. The current study was set out to address the therapeutic efficacy of topically applied mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on dry eye syndrome (DES) induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in rats.Methods. Rats were divided into two groups just after establishment of DES. Eye drops containing either bromodeoxyuridine labeled MSCs (n=9) or phosphate buffer solution (n=7) were topically applied once daily for one week. Schirmer test, break-up time score, ocular surface evaluation tests, and corneal inflammatory index scoring tests were applied to all rats at baseline and after treatment. All rats were sacrificed after one week for histological and electron microscopic analysis.Results. Mean aqueous tear volume and tear film stability were significantly increased in rats treated with MSCs (P<0.05). Infiltration of bromodeoxyuridine labeled MSCs into the meibomian glands and conjunctival epithelium was observed in MSCs treated rats. Increased number of secretory granules and number of goblet cells were observed in MSCs treated rats.Conclusion. Topical application of MSCs could be a safe and effective method for the treatment of DES and could potentially be used for further clinical research studies.

Using hierarchical mesoporous Mg–Al LDH as a potential model to precisely load BSA for biological application

2021 ◽  
pp. 2050012
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Li ◽  
Luxin Liang ◽  
Yanni Tan ◽  
Qianli Huang ◽  
Si Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Anion Surfactant ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a familiar protein and often used as a model drug to test the adsorption efficiency of material, while the cytotoxicity of hybrid is overlooked. In this study, we synthesized hierarchical mesoporous flower-like Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) microspheres through anion surfactant mediated hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscopic images demonstrated that 10S-LDH and 100S-LDH samples possessed a porous surface and the porosity structure were affected by the concentration of anionic surfactant, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS). By being immersed in the BSA/phosphate buffer solution (PBS) solution, the 100S-LDH had a loading capacity about 44.6 mg/g. Compared to 1S-LDH and 10S-LDH, the SDS intercalated in 100S-LDH could form the hydrogen bond with BSA molecules and promote the adsorption efficiency. In the cytotoxicity test towards Raw264.7 cells, the hybrid of BSA and [Formula: see text]S-LDH showed a superior biocompatibility to the raw LDH materials. The SDS intercalated Mg–Al LDH is expected to be used in the bioactive molecules delivery.

Experimental Investigation Into the Fabrication of Porous Biodegradable Fe Scaffold by Microwave Sintering of 3D Printed Green Body

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Design Structure

Abstract Iron has appealing biodegradable properties that makes compatible for biodegradable implant tools applications. Although, the slow corrosion rate of Fe made obsolete for biomedical applications. The incorporation of the porous structure may result in an enhanced degradation rate. The main advantage offer by the porous structure is to allow to flow the body transportation fluid through it and ease to proliferate the new tissue. Therefore, the current work focused on the development of a porous Fe structures using micro-extrusion based three-dimensional printing (ME3DP) and pressure less microwave sintering. The metallic-based polymeric ink used to fabricate the intent design structure. Subsequently, samples were heated in the microwave sintering furnace. The experimentations were done to evaluate the outcomes of different Fe concentrations (91–95 wt.%) on density and compressive yield strength of developed porous parts. Experimental observation deduced that fabricated part ≥ 94.wt.% of Fe concentration has strong bonding strength between the printed layers. Moreover, the mechanical property of 94 wt.% has found greater than 95 wt.% of Fe concentration. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image illustrated the presence of porous morphology into the fabricated body. Additionally, XRD (X-ray diffraction) plots exhibited the purity of sample without any contamination residue.

scholarly journals Structure encoding in DNA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Van der Mude
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Regulatory Cascade ◽  
Non Coding Rna

It is proposed that transposons and related long non–coding RNA define the fine structure of body parts. Although morphogens have long been known to direct the formation of many gross structures in early embryonic development, they do not have the necessary precision to define a structure down to the individual cellular level. Using the distinction between procedural and declarative knowledge in information processing as an analogy, it is hypothesized that DNA encodes fine structure in a manner that is different from the genetic code for proteins. The hypothesis states that repeated or near–repeated sequences that are in transposons and non–coding RNA define body part structures. As the cells in a body part go through the epigenetic process of differentiation, the action of methylation serves to inactivate all but the relevant structure definitions and some associated cell type genes. The transposons left active will then physically modify the DNA sequence in the heterochromatin to establish the local context in the three–dimensional body part structure. This brings the encoded definition of the cell type to the histone. The histone code for that cell type starts the regulatory cascade that turns on the genes associated with that particular type of cell, transforming it from a multipotent cell to a fully differentiated cell. This mechanism creates structures in the musculoskeletal system, the organs of the body, the major parts of the brain, and other systems.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Male Nematode Physaloptera (Tetradelphynema)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 674-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahja I. Behbehani ◽  
Ramesh K. Nayak ◽  
Randall E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nematodes are elongate, unsegmented worms with an elastic cuticle made of protein. Few published references concerning scanning electron microscopy of nematode are available and there is paucity of information at the ultrastructural level on cuticle forming male reproductive structures. The species of the genus Physaloptera (tetradelphynema) commonly live as parasites in the adult form in the stomach of the desert rodent Gerbillus cheesmani. To date, the three-dimensional surface features of this spiruroid nematode have not been described. The main purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the surface features of the male nematode utilizing the current techniques of scanning electron microscopy.Adult worms were collected in the laboratory from the stomach of the gerbil, Gerbillus cheesmani. They were washed in PO4 buffer solution and subsequently fixed overnight in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. Following fixation, the specimens were washed 3 times in buffer and sonically cleaned for 30 seconds to remove debris adhering on the body wall of the nematode.

scholarly journals Structure encoding in DNA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Van der Mude
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Regulatory Cascade ◽  
Non Coding Rna

It is proposed that transposons and related long non–coding RNA define the fine structure of body parts. Although morphogens have long been known to direct the formation of many gross structures in early embryonic development, they do not have the necessary precision to define a structure down to the individual cellular level. Using the distinction between procedural and declarative knowledge in information processing as an analogy, it is hypothesized that DNA encodes fine structure in a manner that is different from the genetic code for proteins. The hypothesis states that repeated or near–repeated sequences that are in transposons and non–coding RNA define body part structures. As the cells in a body part go through the epigenetic process of differentiation, the action of methylation serves to inactivate all but the relevant structure definitions and some associated cell type genes. The transposons left active will then physically modify the DNA sequence in the heterochromatin to establish the local context in the three–dimensional body part structure. This brings the encoded definition of the cell type to the histone. The histone code for that cell type starts the regulatory cascade that turns on the genes associated with that particular type of cell, transforming it from a multipotent cell to a fully differentiated cell. This mechanism creates structures in the musculoskeletal system, the organs of the body, the major parts of the brain, and other systems.

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