Measuring multiple neuromuscular activation using EMG – a generalizability analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Pourmoghaddam ◽  
Marius Dettmer ◽  
Daniel P. O’Connor ◽  
William H. Paloski ◽  
Charles S. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Neuromuscular Activation ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Generalizability Coefficient ◽  
Generalizability Analysis ◽  
Walking Speeds

AbstractAnalysis of electromyography (EMG) data has been shown to be valuable in biomedical and clinical research. However, most analysis tools do not consider the non-linearity of EMG data or the synergistic effects of multiple neuromuscular activities. The SYNERGOS algorithm was developed to assess a single index based on non-linear analysis of multiple neuromuscular activation (MNA) of different muscles. This index has shown promising results in Parkinsonian gait, but it was yet to be explored whether the SYNERGOS index is generalizable. In this study, we evaluated generalizability of the SYNERGOS index over the course of several trials and over separate days with different walking speeds. Ten healthy adults aged from 18 to 40 years walked on a treadmill on two different days, while EMG data was collected from the upper and lower right leg. SYNERGOS indices were obtained and a generalizability analysis was conducted. The algorithm detected changes in MNA in response to altering gait speed and depicted a high generalizability coefficient (

Synergistic effects in neuromuscular activation and calcium-sensitization in the bladder trigone

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Roosen ◽  
Changhao Wu ◽  
Gui-Ping Sui ◽  
Christopher H. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Neuromuscular Activation ◽  
Calcium Sensitization

Neuromuscular Activation Differences During Gait in Patients With Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome and Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1653-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Robbins ◽  
Marianne Cossette‐Levasseur ◽  
Kazunori Kikuchi ◽  
Jenna Sarjeant ◽  
Ying‐Ga Shiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Neuromuscular Activation ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

Quantifying Poststroke Gait Deviations: A Meta-analysis of Observational and Cross-sectional Experimental Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharareh Sharififar ◽  
Heather K. Vincent ◽  
Jonathan Shuster ◽  
and Mark Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Walking Speeds

The hemiparetic walking pattern is a common feature of an upper motor neuron impairment caused by stroke. Previous studies have recorded deviations in hemiparetic walking patterns. We aimed to quantify gait alterations poststroke relative to healthy gait across a range of walking speeds by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched databases including MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Literature Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1927 to the end of July 2015 for all instrumented measured gait variables in (a) observational studies with stroke patients only and (b) interventional studies in healthy, age-matched (elderly) participants, and those with stroke published in English. We analyzed data using a patient-weighted random-effects method. The heterogeneity of methods and measures employed across studies limited the intended analyses. The search pooled 2,223 articles, of which we included 49 observational and 124 interventional studies involving 960 healthy elders and 4,691 participants with stroke. As expected, those with stroke have gait-speed-related statistical differences from those without stroke. Specifically, this meta-analysis determined that (a) only 2 spatial parameters consistently changed according to gait speed – step length and stride length – and (b) irrespective of speed, 9 spatiotemporal measures, 5 sagittal kinematic, and 3 kinetic measures from the analysis were statistically different from the healthy counterparts ( P < .05). These findings suggest the importance of using instrumented measurement techniques for evaluating stroke gait rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Using Smart Socks to Detect Step-count at Slow Walking Speeds in Healthy Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Balmain ◽  
Neil Tuttle ◽  
Joseph Bailey ◽  
Katie Cheng ◽  
Mitchell Duryea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Percent Error ◽  
Slow Walking ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Over Ground Walking

AbstractWe examined the accuracy of Smart Socks – a device that measures foot pressure during gait for detecting step-count across various walking speeds. Thirty-six participants (17 men; 19 women) wore Smart Socks (Sock), a pedometer (Pedometer), and a smartphone with a commercially available Phone Application (Phone) pedometer to measure step-count during 3-min of treadmill or over-ground walking at 1.3, 2.2, 3.0, 3.8, and 4.7 km/h. Steps were compared to a gold-standard tally-counter (Count), collected by independent assessors. All devices (Sock, Pedometer, and Phone) underestimated step-count when compared to Count at 1.3 km/h (p<0.05); however, Sock (27±18%) demonstrated a lower percent error compared to Phone (40±28%) and Pedometer (98±5%) (both p<0.01). At 2.2 km/h, Sock was not different compared to Count (Sock: 213±39; Count: 229±24 steps, p=0.25); however, both Phone (271±55 steps) and Pedometer (169±166 steps) were different compared to Count (p<0.05). At 3.0 km/h, both Sock (258±30 steps) and Pedometer (254±45 steps) were similar to Count (267±22 steps) (p>0.05); however, Phone (291±28 steps) overestimated step-count (p<0.01). All devices (Sock, Pedometer, and Phone) were similar to Count at 3.8, and 4.7 km/h (p>0.05). These findings demonstrate that Smart Socks are more accurate than pedometers used in the present study for detecting step-count during treadmill or over-ground ambulation at slower walking speeds.

Speed and Temporal-Distance Adaptations during Treadmill and Overground Walking Following Stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roain Bayat ◽  
Hugues Barbeau ◽  
Anouk Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Hemiparetic Gait ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Walking Speeds

Objective. To compare the maximum gait speed of stroke subjects attained during treadmill and overground in stroke subjects and to identify the temporal-distance determinants of the maximal gait speed. Methods. Ten individuals with hemiparetic gait deficits and whose walking speeds ranged between 0.24 m/s and 0.82 m/s participated. Five healthy age-matched controls were also tested to provide comparative data for the gait speed transfer between the 2 modes of locomotion. Following a brief habituation process to walking on the treadmill, subjects were tested while walking at comfortable and maximal speeds on the treadmill and overground, in a random order. Main Outcome Measure. Self-selected comfortable and maximum gait speed and temporal-distance factors were acquired using a 6-camera Vicon™ motion analysis system and compared between treadmill and overground walking at a similar speed. Results. Overground walking resulted in higher maximal speeds (P < 0.001), greater stride lengths (P < 0.001), and a lower cadence (P < 0.02), as compared to tread-mill. The comfortable gait speed and the maximum stride length proved to be strong determinants for the maximal speed on both modes of locomotion (P < 0.01), but the maximum cadence was correlated to maximum speed only for overground locomotion (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Stroke subjects walked slower on the treadmill as compared to overground. They also used a different strategy to increase gait speed, relying mostly on increasing the stride length during treadmill ambulation.

scholarly journals Stability-normalised walking speed: a new approach for human gait perturbation research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher McCrum ◽  
Paul Willems ◽  
Kiros Karamanidis ◽  
Kenneth Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Speed Group ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Walking Speeds

AbstractIn gait stability research, neither self-selected walking speeds, nor the same prescribed walking speed for all participants, guarantee equivalent gait stability among participants. Furthermore, these options may differentially affect the response to different gait perturbations, which is problematic when comparing groups with different capacities. We present a method for decreasing inter-individual differences in gait stability by adjusting walking speed to equivalent margins of stability (MoS). Eighteen healthy adults walked on a split-belt treadmill for two-minute bouts at 0.4m/s up to 1.8m/s in 0.2m/s intervals. The stability-normalised walking speed (MoS=0.05m) was calculated using the mean MoS at touchdown of the final 10 steps of each speed. Participants then walked for three minutes at this speed and were subsequently exposed to a treadmill belt acceleration perturbation. A further 12 healthy adults were exposed to the same perturbation while walking at 1.3m/s: the average of the previous group. Large ranges in MoS were observed during the prescribed speeds (6-10cm across speeds) and walking speed significantly (P<0.001) affected MoS. The stability-normalised walking speeds resulted in MoS equal or very close to the desired 0.05m and reduced between-participant variability in MoS. The second group of participants walking at 1.3m/s had greater inter-individual variation in MoS during both unperturbed and perturbed walking compared to 12 sex, height and leg length-matched participants from the stability-normalised walking speed group. The current method decreases inter-individual differences in gait stability which may be beneficial for gait perturbation and stability research, in particular for studies on populations with different locomotor capacities.

scholarly journals Predictors of Gait Speeds and the Relationship of Gait Speeds to Falls in Men and Women with Parkinson Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Nemanich ◽  
Ryan P. Duncan ◽  
Leland E. Dibble ◽  
James T. Cavanaugh ◽  
Terry D. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Gait difficulties and falls are commonly reported in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Reduction in gait speed is a major characteristic of Parkinsonian gait, yet little is known about its underlying determinants, its ability to reflect an internal reservation about walking, or its relationship to falls. To study these issues, we selected age, disease severity, and nonmotor factors (i.e., depression, quality of life, balance confidence, and exercise beliefs and attitudes) to predict self-selected (SELF), fast-as-possible (FAST), and the difference (DIFF) between these walking speeds in 78 individuals with PD. We also examined gender differences in gait speeds and evaluated how gait speeds were related to a retrospective fall report. Age, disease severity, and balance confidence were strong predictors of SELF, FAST, and, to a lesser extent, DIFF. All three parameters were strongly associated with falling. DIFF was significantly greater in men compared to women and was significantly associated with male but not female fallers. The results supported the clinical utility of using a suite of gait speed parameters to provide insight into the gait difficulties and differentiating between fallers in people with PD.

scholarly journals Effects of walking speed and slope on foot pressure in young healthy adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0030
Author(s):  
Kyoung Min Lee ◽  
Byung-Cho Min ◽  
Seungbum Koo
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Uphill Walking

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Although pedobarographic measurement is increasingly used for clinical and research purposes, relatively few published studies have investigated regarding effects of walking speed and slope. This study examined pedobarographic findings in young healthy adults with regard to different walking speeds and slopes. Methods: Twenty young healthy adults (mean age 22.4 years, SD 1.2 years; 10 males and 10 females) were recruited. Dynamic pedobarographic data were obtained during treadmill walking with different walking speeds (3.2 km/hr, 4.3 km/hr, and 5.4 km/hr) and slopes (-8°, -4°, 0°, 4°, and 8°). Pedobarographic data including peak pressure and pressure-time integral were measured on five plantar segments: medial forefoot (MFF), lateral forefoot (LFF), medial midfoot (MMF), lateral midfoot (LMF), and heel. Distribution of foot pressure between medial and lateral sides, and between anterior and posterior aspects were calculated as varus/valgus index and forefoot/heel index, respectively. Walking speed of 4.3 km/hr on 0° of slope was considered as standard walking condition. Results: Varus/valgus index of peak pressure showed significant increase on the slope of 8° and the walking speed of 4.3 km/hr (p=0.036) and 5.4 km/hr (p=0.007). Forefoot/heel index of peak pressure significantly decreased on downhill walking. Varus/valgus index of pressure-time integral showed significant increase when uphill and downhill slope was greater and walking speed was faster compared with standard with walking condition. Forefoot/heel index of pressure-time integral showed significant increase in downhill walking while significant decrease was observed during uphill walking. Conclusion: Changes of walking speed and slope caused those of foot pressure distribution. Therefore, combination of walking speed and speed might be associated with pressure related symptoms and disorders of the foot.

scholarly journals Upper body and ankle strategies compensate for reduced lateral stability at very slow walking speeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1936) ◽  
pp. 20201685
Author(s):  
Aaron N. Best ◽  
Amy R. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Slow Walking ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Walking Speeds

At the typical walking speeds of healthy humans, step placement seems to be the primary strategy to maintain gait stability, with ankle torques and upper body momentum providing additional compensation. The average walking speeds of populations with an increased risk of falling, however, are much slower and may require differing control strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyse mediolateral gait stability and the contributions of the different control strategies at very slow walking speeds. We analysed an open dataset including kinematics and kinetics from eight healthy subjects walking at speeds from 0.1 to 0.6 m s −1 as well as a self-selected speed. As gait speed slowed, we found that the margin of stability (MoS) decreased linearly. Increased lateral excursions of the extrapolated centre of mass, caused by increased lateral excursions of the trunk, were not compensated for by an equivalent increase in the lateral centre of pressure, leading to decreased MoS. Additionally, both the ankle eversion torque and hip abduction torque at the minimum MoS event increased at the same rate as gait speed slowed. These results suggest that the contributions of both the ankle and the upper body to stability are more crucial than stepping at slow speeds, which have important implications for populations with slow gait and limited motor function.

The Test-Retest Reliability of Indirect Calorimetry Measures of Energy Expenditure During Overground Walking in Older Adults With Mobility Limitations

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wert ◽  
Jessie M. VanSwearingen ◽  
Subashan Perera ◽  
Jennifer S. Brach
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Slow Walking ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Absolute Reliability

The purpose of this study was to assess the relative and absolute reliability of metabolic measures of energy expenditure and gait speed during overground walking in older adults with mobility limitations. Thirty-three (mean age [SD] = 76.4 [6.6] years; 66% female) older adults with slow gait participated. Measures of energy expenditure and gait speed were recorded during two 6-min bouts of overground walking (1 week apart) at a self-selected “usual” walking pace. The relative reliability for all variables was excellent: ICC = .81−.91. Mean differences for five of the six outcome variables was less than or equal to the respected SEM, while all six mean differences fell below the calculated MDC95. Clinicians and researchers can be confident that metabolic measures of energy expenditure and gait speed in older adults with slow walking speeds can be reliably assessed during overground walking, providing an alternative to traditional treadmill assessments.

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