Sterols and Acylglycerols in the Brown Algae Colpomenia peregrina (Sauv.) Hamel and Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngb.) Link.

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stefanov ◽  
V. Bankova ◽  
St. Dimitrova-Konaklieva ◽  
R. Aldinova ◽  
K. Dimitrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Scytosiphon Lomentaria ◽  
Colpomenia Peregrina

Influence of the centrosome in cytokinesis of brown algae: polyspermic zygotes of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonales,Phaeophyceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2541-2548
Author(s):  
Chikako Nagasato ◽  
Taizo Motomura
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Scytosiphon Lomentaria ◽  
Polar Spindle ◽  
Spindle Position ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between the spindle orientation and the determination site of cytokinesis in brown algal cells using polyspermic zygotes of Scytosiphon lomentaria. When two male gametes fuse with one female gamete, the zygote has two pairs of centrioles derived from male gametes and three chloroplasts from two male and one female gametes. Just before mitosis, two pairs of centrioles duplicate and migrate towards the future mitotic poles. Spindle MTs develop and three or four spindle poles are formed. In a tri-polar spindle, one pair of centrioles shifts away from the spindle, otherwise, two pairs of centrioles exist adjoining at one spindle pole. Chromosomes arrange at several equators of the spindle. As a result of these multipolar mitoses, three or four daughter nuclei developed. Subsequently, these daughter nuclei form a line along the long axis of the cell. Cell partition always takes place between daughter nuclei, perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Three or four daughter cells are produced by cytokinesis. Some of the daughter cells after cytokinesis do not have a nucleus, but all of them always contain the centrosome and chloroplast. Therefore, the number of daughter cells always coincides with the number of centrosomes or microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). These results show that the cytokinetic plane in the brown algae is determined by the position of centrosomes after mitosis and is not dependent on the spindle position.

scholarly journals The Crustose Brown Algae of New Zealand: a Taxonomic Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joseph Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Scytosiphon Lomentaria ◽  
The Status ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Lsu Nrdna ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Petalonia Binghamiae

<p>Nine species of crustose brown algae are described from New Zealand’s coast. Three species are microthalli of species of Scytosiphonaceae: Colpomenia bullosa Yamada, Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link and Petalonia binghamiae (J. Agardh) Vinogradova. One species of Lithodermataceae, Pseudolithoderma roscoffense Loiseaux is described from Northland. Four species are Ralfsiaceae, Ralfsia expansa (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, Ralfsia confusa Hollenberg, a new species, Ralfisa sp. “smooth”, and Hapalospongidion gelatinosum Saunders. H. saxigenum Lindauer is identical to Hapalospongidion gelatinosum Saunders. One new species of Diplura, currently placed in the Ralfsiaceae, is described. Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) Areschoug, previously reported from New Zealand, was not found. ITS-2 sequences show that Ralfsia expansa, Ralfsia confusa and Ralfsia sp. “smooth” are closely related. Ralfsia expansa is more distantly related. These relationships are consistent with morphological differences. LSU nrDNA sequences show Diplura sp. and Pseudolithoderma roscoffense are not closely related to other Ralfsiaceae. These algae form a weakly supported group with members of the Sphacelariales. Hapalospongidion and three Ralfsia species form a well supported group, but this group’s relationship to other phaeophycean orders is not resolved. These results are discussed in relation to plastid number and the status of the order Ralfsiales.</p>

scholarly journals Protoplast isolation from Dictyopteris pacifica and Scytosiphon lomentaria, using a simple commercial enzyme preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Avila-Peltroche ◽  
Boo Yeon Won ◽  
Tae Oh Cho
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Alginate Lyase ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Scytosiphon Lomentaria ◽  
Commercial Enzymes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Short Incubation Time

Abstract Background Protoplasts (i.e., naked plant cells) can be used for in vitro manipulations and genetic improvement in cultivars with economic value. During the last decade, protoplast research in economic brown algae has been scarce, and it is usually hampered by the use of non-commercial enzymes or crude extracts for isolating protoplasts. Dictyopteris pacifica is part of a brown algal genus well known by its wide chemical diversity and biological properties. Scytosiphon lomentaria is an edible brown seaweed with antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral properties. So far, there are no protoplast isolation protocols using commercial enzymes for these two economic brown algae. In this study, we obtained protoplasts from cultured samples of D. pacifica and S. lomentaria using commercially available enzymes. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Driselase inclusion and Ca-chelation pre-treatment on protoplast yields in order to optimize the conditions for protoplast preparations. Results Protoplasts were isolated from Dictyopteris pacifica and Scytosiphon lomentaria using the commercially available Cellulase Onozuka RS (1%) and Alginate lyase (4 U mL−1), and short incubation time (4 h). Driselase did not show significant effects on protoplast production in both species. Ca-chelation pre-treatment only increased the number of protoplasts in D. pacifica. Under optimal conditions, the protoplast yields from D. pacifica and S. lomentaria were 4.83 ± 2.08 and 74.64 ± 32.49 × 106 protoplasts g−1 fresh weight, respectively. The values obtained for S. lomentaria were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported. Conclusions Our results show that high protoplast yields can be obtained from D. pacifica and S. lomentaria using a simple mixture of commercial enzymes (Cellulase RS and Alginate lyase) and short incubation time (4 h). This work also represents the first report of protoplast isolation in D. pacifica. The method proposed here can help to expand protoplast technology in more brown algal species.

scholarly journals The Crustose Brown Algae of New Zealand: a Taxonomic Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joseph Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Scytosiphon Lomentaria ◽  
The Status ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Lsu Nrdna ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Petalonia Binghamiae

<p>Nine species of crustose brown algae are described from New Zealand’s coast. Three species are microthalli of species of Scytosiphonaceae: Colpomenia bullosa Yamada, Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link and Petalonia binghamiae (J. Agardh) Vinogradova. One species of Lithodermataceae, Pseudolithoderma roscoffense Loiseaux is described from Northland. Four species are Ralfsiaceae, Ralfsia expansa (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, Ralfsia confusa Hollenberg, a new species, Ralfisa sp. “smooth”, and Hapalospongidion gelatinosum Saunders. H. saxigenum Lindauer is identical to Hapalospongidion gelatinosum Saunders. One new species of Diplura, currently placed in the Ralfsiaceae, is described. Ralfsia verrucosa (Areschoug) Areschoug, previously reported from New Zealand, was not found. ITS-2 sequences show that Ralfsia expansa, Ralfsia confusa and Ralfsia sp. “smooth” are closely related. Ralfsia expansa is more distantly related. These relationships are consistent with morphological differences. LSU nrDNA sequences show Diplura sp. and Pseudolithoderma roscoffense are not closely related to other Ralfsiaceae. These algae form a weakly supported group with members of the Sphacelariales. Hapalospongidion and three Ralfsia species form a well supported group, but this group’s relationship to other phaeophycean orders is not resolved. These results are discussed in relation to plastid number and the status of the order Ralfsiales.</p>

Pyrolysis of brown algae (Bifurcaria Bifurcata) in a stainless steel tubular reactor: From a review to a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Guida ◽  
F. E. Laghchioua ◽  
A. Hannioui
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽  
Bifurcaria Bifurcata ◽  
Bio Oil

This article deals with fast pyrolysis of brown algae, such as Bifurcaria Bifurcata at the range of temperature 300–800 °C in a stainless steel tubular reactor. After a literature review on algae and its importance in renewable sector, a case study was done on pyrolysis of brown algae especially, Bifurcaria Bifurcata. The aim was to experimentally investigate how the temperature, the particle size, the nitrogen flow rate (N2) and the heating rate affect bio-oil, bio-char and gaseous products. These parameters were varied in the ranges of 5–50 °C/min, below 0.2–1 mm and 20–200 mL. min–1, respectively. The maximum bio-oil yield of 41.3wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, particle size between 0.2–0.5 mm, nitrogen flow rate (N2) of 100 mL. min–1 and heating rate of 5 °C/min. Liquid product obtained under the most suitable and optimal condition was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and GC-MS. The analysis of bio-oil showed that bio-oil from Bifurcaria Bifurcata could be a potential source of renewable fuel production and value added chemicals.

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