scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of a Visual Feedback System to Support Efficient Object Grasping of an EMG-Controlled Prosthetic Hand

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Tolgay Kara ◽  
Ahmad Soliman Masri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
Computer Environment

AbstractMillions of people around the world have lost their upper limbs mainly due to accidents and wars. Recently in the Middle East, the demand for prosthetic limbs has increased dramatically due to ongoing wars in the region. Commercially available prosthetic limbs are expensive while the most economical method available for controlling prosthetic limbs is the Electromyography (EMG). Researchers on EMG-controlled prosthetic limbs are facing several challenges, which include efficiency problems in terms of functionality especially in prosthetic hands. A major issue that needs to be solved is the fact that currently available low-cost EMG-controlled prosthetic hands cannot enable the user to grasp various types of objects in various shapes, and cannot provide the efficient use of the object by deciding the necessary hand gesture. In this paper, a computer vision-based mechanism is proposed with the purpose of detecting and recognizing objects and applying optimal hand gesture through visual feedback. The objects are classified into groups and the optimal hand gesture to grasp and use the targeted object that is most efficient for the user is implemented. A simulation model of the human hand kinematics is developed for simulation tests to reveal the efficacy of the proposed method. 80 different types of objects are detected, recognized, and classified for simulation tests, which can be realized by using two electrodes supplying the input to perform the action. Simulation results reveal the performance of proposed EMG-controlled prosthetic hand in maintaining optimal hand gestures in computer environment. Results are promising to help disabled people handle and use objects more efficiently without higher costs.

Biomechatronic design and control of an anthropomorphic artificial hand for prosthetic applications

Robotica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2291-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Xin Qing Wang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Natural Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Artificial Hand ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Electrical Stimulator ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a biomechatronic design of an anthropomorphic artificial hand that is able to mimic the natural motion of human fingers. The prosthetic hand has 5 fingers and 15 joints, which are actuated by 5 embedded motors. Each finger has three phalanges that can fulfill flexion-extension movements independently. The thumb is specially designed to move along a cone surface when grasping, and the other four fingers are well developed based on the four-bar link mechanism to imitate the motion of the human finger. To accomplish the sophisticated control schemes, the fingers are equipped with numerous torque and position sensors. The mechanical parts, sensors, and motion control systems are integrated in the hand structure, and the motion of the hand can be controlled through electromyography (EMG) signals in real-time. A new concept for the sensory feedback system based on an electrical stimulator is also taken into account. The low-cost prosthetic hand is small in size (85% of the human hand), of low weight (420 g) and has a large grasp power (10 N on the fingertips), hence it has a dexterous and humanlike appearance. The performance of the prosthetic hand is validated in a clinical evaluation on transradial amputees.

scholarly journals Design and multichannel electromyography system-based neural network control of a low-cost myoelectric prosthesis hand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Saygin Siddiq Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed R. J. Almusawi ◽  
Bülent Yilmaz ◽  
Nuran Dogru
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
System File

Abstract. This study introduces a new control method for electromyography (EMG) in a prosthetic hand application with a practical design of the whole system. The hand is controlled by a motor (which regulates a significant part of the hand movement) and a microcontroller board, which is responsible for receiving and analyzing signals acquired by a Myoware muscle device. The Myoware device accepts muscle signals and sends them to the controller. The controller interprets the received signals based on the designed artificial neural network. In this design, the muscle signals are read and saved in a MATLAB system file. After neural network program processing by MATLAB, they are then applied online to the prosthetic hand. The obtained signal, i.e., electromyogram, is programmed to control the motion of the prosthetic hand with similar behavior to a real human hand. The designed system is tested on seven individuals at Gaziantep University. Due to the sufficient signal of the Mayo armband compared to Myoware sensors, Mayo armband muscle is applied in the proposed system. The discussed results have been shown to be satisfactory in the final proposed system. This system was a feasible, useful, and cost-effective solution for the handless or amputated individuals. They have used the system in their day-to-day activities that allowed them to move freely, easily, and comfortably.

Sensory system integration of the designed mechatronics Touch Hand

Sensor Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew van der Riet ◽  
Riaan Stopforth ◽  
Glen Bright ◽  
Olaf Diegel
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Purpose This paper aims to explore the electronic design of the Touch Hand: a low-cost electrically powered prosthetic hand. The hand is equipped with an array of sensors allowing for position control and haptic sensation. Pressure sensors are used on the fingertips to detect grip force. A temperature sensor placed in the fingertip is used to measure the contact temperature of objects. Investigations are made into the use of cantilever vibration sensors to detect surface texture and object slippage. The hand is capable of performing a lateral grip of 3.7 N, a power grip of 19.5 N and to passively hold a weight of up to 8 kg with a hook grip. The hand is also tested on an amputee and used to perform basic tasks. The amputee took 30 min to learn how to operate the hands basic gripping functions. Design/methodology/approach Problems of previous prosthetic hands were investigated, followed by ways to improve or have similar capabilities, yet keeping in mind to reduce the price. The hand was then designed, simulated, developed and then tested. The hand was then displayed to public and tested with an amputee. Findings The Touch Hand’s capabilities with the usage of the low-cost materials, components and sensory system was obtained in the tests that were conducted. The results are shown in this paper to identify the appropriateness of the sensors for a usage while the costs are reduced. Furthermore, models were developed from the results obtained to take into account factors such as the non-slip material. Research limitations/implications The research was restricted to a US$1,000 budget to allow the availability of a low-cost prosthetic hand. Practical implications The Touch Hand had to have the ability to supply the amputee with haptic feedback while allowing the basic grasping of objects. The commercial value is the availability of an affordable prosthetic hand that can be used by amputees in Africa and other Lower-Income countries, yet allowing a more advanced control system compared to the pure mechanical systems currently available. Social implications The Touch Hand has the ability to give amputees affected in war situations the ability to grasp objects in a more affordable manner compared to the current available options. Feedback from amputees about the current features of the Touch Hand was very positive and it proves to be a way to improve society in Lower-Income countries in the near future. A sponsorship program is being developed to assist amputees with the costs of the Touch Hand. Originality/value The contributions of this research is a low-cost prototype system than can be commercialized to allow amputees in the Lower-Income countries to have the ability of a prosthetic hand. A sensory system in the hand is also explained which other low-cost prosthetic hands do not have, which includes temperature, force and vibration. Models of the sensors used that are developed and calibrated to the design of the hand are also described.

scholarly journals Development of a Passive Prosthetic Hand That Restores Finger Movements Made by Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4148
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cézar da Silveira Romero ◽  
André Argueso Machado ◽  
Kliftom Amorim Costa ◽  
Paulo Henrique Rodriguês Guilherme Reis ◽  
Pedro Paiva Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Printing Parameters

This work aims to develop a low-cost human hand prosthesis manufactured through additive manufacturing. The methodology used for the development of the prosthesis used affordable and low-cost materials in the market. Tensile testing was performed to estimate the mechanical properties in order to verify the resistance of the printing material used. Afterwards, the mechanical feasibility study executed on the device was performed using finite element method. In conclusion, we can observe fundamental factors that influence the 3D printing process, especially in relation to its printing parameters and mechanical properties. Maximum stress, yield stress, modulus of elasticity, elongation, and hardness are the prominent properties that should be considered when choosing the polymeric material. The numerical simulation showed that the structure of the prosthesis did not present plastic deformations to the applied loads, proving its mechanical viability.

A custom, functional and lifelike passive prosthetic hand for infants and small toddlers: Clinical note

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Arezoo Eshraghi ◽  
Jaeeun Yoo ◽  
James Klein ◽  
Ian Mckenzie ◽  
Gabrielle Sebaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Clinical Note ◽  
Alloy Wire ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Limb Deficiencies

Background and Aim: For infants and small toddlers with congenital upper limb deficiencies, terminal devices mainly provide either cosmesis or functionality. We report a clinical note about fitting a child with a low-cost passive hand targeting both functionality and cosmesis. Technique: An elastomeric, alloy-wire-reinforced hand was fabricated using additive manufacturing to allow independent positioning of the digits. A clinical pilot in-home evaluation was conducted on a child with upper limb loss. Discussion: The fabricated hand met the functional requirements but required a cover for cosmesis due to a poor surface finish associated with the fabrication technique. The participant child was comfortable using the prosthesis for various tasks. The parents were satisfied with the hand’s function and cosmesis when covered with a cosmetic glove. This work demonstrated a new design and process that may in the future improve the utilization of prosthetic hands to promote early prosthesis use and a child’s development. Clinical relevance Early prosthesis use is important for infants and toddlers. Additive manufacturing may enable the fabrication of custom passive prosthetic hands that provide both cosmesis and functionality.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Prosthetic Hand: from Biomimetic to Biorealistic

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ning Lan ◽  
Manzhao Hao ◽  
Chuanxin M. Niu ◽  
He Cui ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sensory Awareness ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Significant Step

Integrating a prosthetic hand to amputees with seamless neural compatibility presents a grand challenge to neuroscientists and neural engineers for more than half century. Mimicking anatomical structure or appearance of human hand does not lead to improved neural connectivity to the sensorimotor system of amputees. The functions of modern prosthetic hands do not match the dexterity of human hand due primarily to lack of sensory awareness and compliant actuation. Lately, progress in restoring sensory feedback has marked a significant step forward in improving neural continuity of sensory information from prosthetic hands to amputees. However, little effort has been made to replicate the compliant property of biological muscle when actuating prosthetic hands. Furthermore, a full-fledged biorealistic approach to designing prosthetic hands has not been contemplated in neuroprosthetic research. In this perspective article, we advance a novel view that a prosthetic hand can be integrated harmoniously with amputees only if neural compatibility to the sensorimotor system is achieved. Our ongoing research supports that the next-generation prosthetic hand must incorporate biologically realistic actuation, sensing, and reflex functions in order to fully attain neural compatibility.

State-of-the-Art Method in Prosthetic Hand Design: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
T. Triwiyanto ◽  
Triana Rahmawati ◽  
I. Putu Alit Pawana ◽  
L. Lamidi ◽  
Torib Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Emg Signal

Human limb amputation can be caused due to congenital disabilities, accidents, and certain diseases. Amputation caused by occupational accidents is a frequent occurrence in developing countries. Meanwhile, amputation caused by certain diseases such as diabetes Miletus is also the leading cause. The need for prosthetic hand is increasing along with the increase in those two factors. Several researchers have developed prosthetic hands with advantages and disadvantages. Research on prosthetic hands, which are useful, low power, and low cost, is still a major issue. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the various designs of prosthetic hands, specifically on the sensor, control, and actuator systems. This paper collected several references from proceedings and journals related to the design of the prosthetic hand. The results show that the EMG signal is widely used by some researchers in controlling prosthetic hands compared to other sensors, following the force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensor. To control prosthetic hands, some researchers used a threshold system with a value of 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and several other researchers used a pattern recognition model based on the EMG signal feature. Moreover, In the mechanical part, the open-source prosthetic hand model is more widely used than the fabricate prosthetic hand. This is due to the cost required in the prosthetic hand design is cheaper than a fabricated one. The results of this review are expected to provide a recommendation to researchers in the development of low cost, low power, and practical prosthetic hands.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Prosthetic Hand Enabled by Liquid Crystal Elastomer Tendons

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Haiqing Lu ◽  
Zhanan Zou ◽  
Xingli Wu ◽  
Chuanqian Shi ◽  
Yimeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Linear Contraction ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomer ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Prosthetic Implants ◽  
Contraction Stress

As one of the most important prosthetic implants for amputees, current commercially available prosthetic hands are still too bulky, heavy, expensive, complex and inefficient. Here, we present a study that utilizes the artificial tendon to drive the motion of fingers in a biomimetic prosthetic hand. The artificial tendon is realized by combining liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) and liquid metal (LM) heating element. A joule heating-induced temperature increase in the LCE tendon leads to linear contraction, which drives the fingers of the biomimetic prosthetic hand to bend in a way similar to the human hand. The responses of the LCE tendon to joule heating, including temperature increase, contraction strain and contraction stress, are characterized. The strategies of achieving a constant contraction stress in an LCE tendon and accelerating the cooling for faster actuation are also explored. This biomimetic prosthetic hand is demonstrated to be able to perform complex tasks including making different hand gestures, holding objects of different sizes and shapes, and carrying weights. The results can find applications in not only prosthetics, but also robots and soft machines.

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