Dry-fog disinfection as an alternative method for room decontamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-429
Author(s):  
Sebastian Buhl ◽  
Alexander Stich ◽  
Clemens Bulitta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Damaging Effects

Abstract Due to the fact that a relatively large area can be disinfected in a short time, dry-fog disinfection could have a great potential to improve hygienic measures. However, there are few studies to date on the effectiveness and combinability of this technology with other devices. In this work, the disinfecting potential of the TBT dry fogging technology (TBT Desinfektion GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) and the corresponding disinfectant Defeat AR (Biofluid GmbH, Germany) was examined with regard to microbiological decontamination and potential damaging effects on different devices. The airburden measurement did show a reduction of approx. 66% of the microbiological room contamination. Similarly, decontamination of test surfaces was shown to be effective at all measuring points we selected in the experimental setup. Depending on the accessibility of the surfaces this effect was in the range of several log levels. Nevertheless, a first test run showed that some technical equipment was negatively affected by the process.

A Clinical Evaluation of Large-area Short-time Haemodialysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ward ◽  
P. C. Farrell ◽  
D. J. Tiller ◽  
J. S. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Short Time

Non-Destructive Detection of Defects in Composite Boat Hulls

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Suratkar ◽  
A. Y. Sajjadi ◽  
K. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Manual Inspection ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Imaging Camera ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Intensity Decay ◽  
Red Radiation

This paper demonstrates use of thermal imaging for nondestructive defect detection in a composite boat hull which covers a large area. There is a strong demand in the boat industry for a non-destructive method that can detect defects such as delamination, voids of air or fluid, cracks, acid, dry mat, and carbon fiber. These defects are always difficult to detect as they occur inside the walls of the boat. Currently, ultrasound and manual inspection methods are used to identify these defects. The manual checking technique is unscientific; furthermore the ultrasound method is not acceptable due to unsatisfactory results. Thermal imaging involves detecting infra-red radiation from a hot body; this is captured by a thermal imaging camera. A thermal heat gun is used to heat the walls of the boat hull. After heating for a specific time period, the walls of the boat start emitting radiation. Dry void attains the highest peak intensity value for short time heating followed by Acid. Other defects like carbon fiber, delamination, and dry mat took longer time to attain higher intensity value. The decay of radiations is also different for various types of defects. The maximum intensity decay occurs for dry void as compared to other defects. From the results obtained so far, it can be inferred that thermal imaging can distinctly differentiate the different kinds of defects, as well as the unaffected areas of the boat wall.

An alternative method for spectral response measurements of large-area thin-film photovoltaic modules

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Pravettoni ◽  
Anika Komlan ◽  
Roberto Galleano ◽  
Harald Müllejans ◽  
Ewan D. Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Alternative Method

Characteristics of Large-Area Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited TEOS Oxide with Various Short-Time Plasma Treatments

2001 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Kuo Chang ◽  
Ching-Wei Lin ◽  
Chang-Ho Tseng ◽  
Huang-Chung Cheng ◽  
Yuan-Ching Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Electrical Strength ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Bias Temperature Stress ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractIn this work, high quality silicon dioxide (SiO2) films were prepared by large-area plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition (LA-PECVD) using tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS)-oxygen based chemistry. The effects of various short-time plasma treatments on these as-deposited TEOS oxide were also investigated. Different plasma treatments such as O2, N2O, and NH3 were used in our experiments. Electrical characteristics were exploited to examine the effects of plasma treatments. It was shown that after N2O, and NH3 plasma treatments, the electrical strength of oxide was enhanced. Besides, NH3 plasma treatment exhibited the highest enhancement efficiency. O2- plasma treatment, however, showed some harmful effects on the electrical properties of the TEOS oxide. The reliability tests including charge to breakdown (Qbd) and bias temperature stress (BTS) were also analyzed in these samples. Although better pre-stress characteristics were observed in those samples treated by NH3-plasma, samples with N2O plasma treatment showed superior stress endurance. Consequently, N2O plasma treatment seems to be the best candidate for future TFTs under the consideration of long-term reliability.

Acute changes in cutaneous receptive fields in primary somatosensory cortex after digit denervation in adult flying fox

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Calford ◽  
R. Tweedale
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Flying Fox

1. Acute effects of permanent and temporary denervation of the flying fox thumb were examined to test the hypothesis that a large area of skin around the cutaneous receptive field of multiunits (MRF) at a locus in primary somatosensory cortex (SI) supplies viable inputs which can be rapidly unmasked by interruption of the dominant input from the area of the MRF. 2. The immediate effect of amputation of the thumb at loci where the original receptive field was entirely removed was to produce large MRFs on adjacent body areas (wrist, forearm, prowing, and finger membranes). Greatly expanded MRFs were also produced when amputation removed only part of the original MRF at a cortical locus. 3. The probable source of input to account for the new receptive fields is the extensive arborization of ascending projections within the somatosensory pathway, which supply a cortical locus with a potential input from a far larger area than is represented in its normal receptive field. The rapidity with which new or expanded fields are seen following denervation indicates that the normally unexpressed inputs around a receptive field are not only potential inputs but are inherently viable. Hence the most likely explanation for the results of this study is that the effect of the denervation is to disrupt an inhibitory influence that normally has the role of shaping the receptive field. 4. Temporary anesthesia of all or part of a MRF produced similar initial effects to amputation. When responsiveness returned to the locally anesthetized area (after 10-30 min), an expanded MRF persisted for a short time after which the boundaries of the MRF shrank. This rapid reversal suggests that a mechanistic rather than a plastic change is the basis for the acute effect of a small denervation on SI.

Fabrication of Large-Area Imprint Mold with High-Aspect-Ratio Nanotip Arrays of Sub-Micron Diameter

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Jen Ting ◽  
Hung Yin Tsai ◽  
Chang Pin Chou
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Electron Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Plasma Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Ecr Plasma ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Electroforming Process ◽  
Micron Diameter ◽  
Short Time

Many research works have been focusing on nanoimprint technology due to the recent potential mass production for the nanostructure applications. For optical or display application, a nanoimprint mold of large area becomes one of the thorniest techniques since it takes much time to fabricate the whole mold with nanostructure and it may make the beginning nanostructures inconsistent with the final ones. In order to fabricate the nanostructure mold of large area in a short time, the plasma process forming nanostructures on silicon substrate and the electroforming process are explored in the current study. Well-aligned nanotip arrays of 4 inch silicon were fabricated by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma process using gas mixtures of silane, methane, argon, and hydrogen. The resultant tips have nano-scale apexes, approximately ~1 nm, with high aspect ratios, nearly ~15, which were achieved by simultaneous SiC nano-mask formation and dry etching during ECR plasma process. Next, the nickel mold of nanostructures is made from silicon nanostructures through the electroforming process by using Nickel Sulfamate. The total thickness of the nickel mold is 120 μm after a 10-hour-long electroforming process. The nanostructures of 100 nm diameter holes are successfully obtained. Nanoimprint process is proceeded by the nickel mold and the reflectance of the PMMA after imprinting at 160 °C has the lowest value, 0.2 %, compared with the other results for the incident optical wavelength of 550 nm. The large-area imprint mold with high-aspect-ratio nanotip arrays of sub-micron diameter is fabricated and is proofed by the optical application.

scholarly journals Gamma-Ray Orbital Modulation of the Transitioning Millisecond Pulsar Binary XSS J12270–4859

2022 ◽  
Vol 924 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Hongjun An
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Optical Telescope ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Orbital Modulation ◽  
Short Time

Abstract We report on gamma-ray orbital modulation of the transitioning MSP binary XSS J12270–4859 detected in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. We use long-term optical data taken with the XMM-Newton OM and the Swift UltraViolet Optical Telescope to inspect radio timing solutions that are limited to relatively short time intervals and find that extrapolation of the solutions aligns well with the phasing of the optical data over 15 yr. The Fermi-LAT data folded on the timing solutions exhibit significant modulation (p = 5 × 10−6) with a gamma-ray minimum at the inferior conjunction of the pulsar. Intriguingly, the source seems to show similar modulation in both the low-mass X-ray binary and the MSP states, implying that mechanisms for gamma-ray emission in the two states are similar. We discuss these findings and their implications using an intrabinary shock scenario.

Motion Detection for a Precision Positioning System by Wavelet Analysis

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Ming Tai ◽  
Cheng-Kuo Sung
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Motion Detection ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Precision Positioning ◽  
Band Energy ◽  
Pitch Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Short Time

Abstract The defects due to wear or improper assembly processes may induce undesirable vibrations that in turn cause mechanical failures. This paper employs Wavelet Transform to analyze the vibration of the pitch motion of the carriage in a precision positioning system. Two accelerometers are attached to the carriage at different locations and the accelerations are used to investigate the vibration of the pitch motion. By using Wavelet Transform, the signal measured from the proposed experimental setup are appropriately processed and used for the diagnosis of the defects. The percentage of the band energy (PBE)is found to be a helpful reference for detecting the abnormal conditions. This method successfully combines the techniques of measurement with the theory of the wavelet analysis in monitoring a precision positioning system. The difference between the results obtained both from the Short-Time Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis is also discussed.

A novel approach to sampling Vaccinium populations

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Vander Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Large Area ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Sample Area ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Short Time

A novel approach to sampling Vaccinium populations is proposed and tested. This technique was developed primarily for biosystematic studies where the researcher has a large area to cover in a short time, but it has a wider potential for plant populations. The procedure involves collection of two to seven open-pollinated berries from the sample area and the separation and germination of seeds. The resulting progeny does not significantly differ from the parent population.

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