scholarly journals Synthesis of amorphous aluminosilicate from impure Indonesian kaolin

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Hartati Hartati ◽  
Aning Purwaningsih ◽  
Tjitjik Srie Tjahjandarie ◽  
Nastiti Heru Saputri ◽  
Ika Septiani Puspitasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Amorphous Aluminosilicate ◽  
Silica Addition ◽  
Calcined Kaolin

AbstractSynthesis of amorphous aluminosilicates from high impurities in Indonesian kaolin were carried out in several ways, directly from kaolin and indirectly from metakaolin (calcined kaolin), both with silica addition and without silica addition. Synthesis was conducted in a gradual temperature hydrothermal reaction and in a constant temperature hydrothermal reaction. Before being synthesized, kaolin impurities were separated according to density and/or particle size by centrifugation. X-Ray Diffraction and FTIR Spectrometry characterization of the synthesized product showed that the results of synthesis of aluminosilicates from metakaolin via hydrothermal with gradual temperature or constant temperature produced aluminosilicates with high quartz impurities, while synthesis with the addition of silica in hydrothermal conditions at 80°C for 12 hours can produce aluminosilicate with a low quartz content. Direct synthesis from kaolin with the addition of silica could produce pure aluminosilicates.

Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a 2-D Cd(II) coordination polymer based on ferrocenecarboxylate and 4,4′-bipyridine ligands

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Long Zhong ◽  
Jing Quan ◽  
Xian-Xiao Pan ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Bing-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carboxylate Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Chain ◽  
Crystal Structural

Abstract A new cadmium(II)-based coordination polymer [Cd3(FcCOO)6(4,4′-bipy)(H2O)2] n (FcCOO = ferrocenecarboxylato and 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of a crystal structural analysis has revealed that the title compound consists of two crystallographically unique CdII centers, one in a general position with a five-coordinated and one on an inversion center with a six-coordinated environment. The CdII centers are connected by FcCOO− units to form a metal carboxylate oxygen chain extending parallel to the [100] direction while the 4,4′-bipy ligands further act as bridging linkers of the CdII centers resulting in a layered polymer. In addition, an X-ray powder diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis and a cyclo-voltammetric characterization of the complex have also been carried out.

Stability of sodalite relative to nepheline in NaCl–H2O brines at 750 °C: Implications for hydrothermal formation of sodalite

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Schneider ◽  
David M. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Standard State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cage Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Brine Concentration

ABSTRACT Formation of the feldspathoid sodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24·2NaCl) by reaction of nepheline (NaAlSiO4) with NaCl-bearing brines was investigated at 3 and 6 kbar and at a constant temperature of 750 °C to determine the brine concentration at which sodalite forms with variation in pressure. The reaction boundary was located by reaction-reversal experiments in the system NaAlSiO4–NaCl–H2O at a brine concentration of 0.16 ± 0.08 XNaCl [= molar ratio NaCl/(NaCl + H2O)] at 3 kbar and at a brine concentration of 0.35 ± 0.03 XNaCl at 6 kbar. Characterization of the sodalite using both X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy after treatment in these brines indicated no obvious evidence of water or hydroxyl incorporation into the cage structure of sodalite. The data from this study were combined with earlier results by Wellman (1970) and Sharp et al. (1989) at lower (1–1.5 kbar) and higher (7–8 kbar) pressures, respectively, on sodalite formation from nepheline and NaCl which models as a concave-down curve in XNaCl – P space. In general, sodalite buffers the concentration of neutral aqueous NaCl° in the brine to relatively low values at P < 4 kbar, but NaCl° increases rapidly at higher pressures. Thermochemical modeling of these data was done to determine the activity of the aqueous NaCl° relative to a 1 molal (m) standard state, demonstrating very low activities (<0.2 m, or 1.2 wt.%) of NaCl° at 3 kbar and lower, but rising to relatively high activities (>20 m, or 54 wt.%) of NaCl° at 6 kbar or higher. The results from this study place constraints on the concentration of NaCl° in brines coexisting with nepheline and sodalite and, because of the relative insensitivity of this reaction to temperature, can provide a convenient geobarometer for those localities where the fluid compositions that formed nepheline and sodalite can be determined independently.

Preparation and Characterization of Clays from Different Areas in Ban Bo Suak, Nan Province, Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Usanee Malee ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Clay Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kiln Site ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tone Color

The scientific process was used to explain characterization and physical properties of the clay sample close to the ancient Nan kiln site. These samples were obtained from JQA, FQB, PQC and NQD. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique were used to determine the chemical composition and phase transformation before and after fired at 800-1250 °C. XRF result was confirmed that all clay samples mainly contained SiO2(>80 wt. %) XRD pattern indicated that quartz was the majority of phase in the all of them. High amount of Fe2O3(>1.6 wt. %) was related to the red-brown tone color. The clay sample could be fired up to 1280 °C without wrapping behavior; it was found that FQB clay had the highest firing resistance due to the maximum quartz content.

scholarly journals Kinetics study the decomposition of the cellulose into cellulose nanocrystals by hydrothermal with hydrochloric acid catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulnazri Zulnazri ◽  
Rozanna Dewi ◽  
Sulhatun Sulhatun ◽  
Nasrun Nasrun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Ft Ir

The aim of this study was to hydrolyzed cellulose nanocrystals as cellulose-based biomass residues from oil palm by using hydrochloric acid under hydrothermal conditions. The characterization of cellulose nanocrystals was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy and X- ray diffraction. The infrared spectroscopy showed there has been a removal of lignin and hemicellulose in the spectrum. Crystallinity which reaches 78.59% was obtained by hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid catalyst 3 mol/L with a reaction time of 1 hour. Based on the graph of -ln CA/CA0 vs. time obtained that Cellulose nanocrystals forming reaction is of first order. The reaction rate constants to the formation of glucose (k2) is greater than the reaction rate constant to the formation of Cellulose nanocrystals (k1), which indicates that the phase of slow reaction is the reaction of the most influential on the overall reaction rate, the reaction of the formation of Cellulose nanocrystals.

Controllable synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of manganese oxide nanoarchitectures

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Zhang ◽  
Liping Kang ◽  
Hao Lv ◽  
Zhikui Su ◽  
Kenta Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Temperature ◽  
Transmission Electron

Flowerlike manganese oxide microspheres and cryptomelane-type manganese oxide nanobelts were selectively synthesized by a simple decomposition of KMnO4 under mild hydrothermal conditions without using template or cross-linking reagents. The effect of varying the hydrothermal times and temperatures on the nanostructure, morphology, compositional, and electrochemical properties of the obtained manganese oxides was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies showed that the flowerlike manganese oxide microspheres could be obtained at relatively low hydrothermal temperatures, while high hydrothermal temperatures were favorable for the formation of cryptomelane-type manganese oxide nanobelts. A morphology and crystalline evolution of the nanostructures was observed as the hydrothermal temperature was increased from 180 to 240 °C. On the basis of changing the temperatures and hydrothermal reaction times, the formation mechanism of cryptomelane-type manganese oxide nanobelts is discussed. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the obtained manganese oxide nanostructures, and the results show that the electrochemical properties depend on their shape and crystalline structure. This easily controllable, template-free, and environmentally friendly method has the potential for being used in syntheses of manganese oxide nanomaterials with uniform morphologies and crystal structures.

Preparation and Characterization of Lizardite

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Shu Min Zheng ◽  
Kai Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lizardite were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction in an Fe3+doped solution/environment using nanometer SiO2and MgO as precursors. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that: the synthetic samples are lizardite with a thickness ranging from 60 nm to 200 nm in the temperature range 200°C~230°C.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Birnessite and Cryptomelane Nanostructures in Presence of Hoffmeister Anions

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos A. Cheney ◽  
Robin Jose ◽  
Arghya Banerjee ◽  
Pradip K. Bhowmik ◽  
Shizhi Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Manganese Dioxide ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The effect of Hoffmeister anions , , and on the structure and morphology of birnessite and cryptomelane-type manganese dioxide nanostructures, produced by the reduction reaction of and in aqueous acidic media, was studied. The syntheses were based on the decomposition of aqueous in presence of HCl for birnessite-type and acidified for cryptomelane-type manganese dioxide under soft hydrothermal conditions. They were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. XRD patterns show the formation of birnessite for the first synthesis and a mixture of cryptomelane and birnessite-types for the second synthesis. XRD data revealed that the Hoffmeister anions have a significant effect on the nanostructures of birnessite. The sulphate ion-treated birnessite has the smallest crystals, whereas the chloride ion-treated birnessite has the largest crystals. Their TEM and HRTEM studies revealed a transformation from nanoplatelet morphology for chloride-treated samples to nanofibrous morphology for sulphate-treated birnessite. For the cryptomelane nanostructures, Hoffmeister anions also show a profound effect on their crystalline structures as determined by XRD analyses revealing a transformation of the cryptomelane phase to birnessite phase of . This transformation is also supported by TEM and HRTEM studies.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite A Using Amorphous Gel from Industrial Reagents

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Jarina Costa Moreira ◽  
Luciano André Koslowski ◽  
Rozineide A. Antunes Boca Santa ◽  
Domingos Lusitâneo Pier Macuvele ◽  
Humberto Gracher Riella
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Good Crystallinity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Zeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicate of alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals. These materials have large commercial application due to their physical and chemical properties. The synthesis of zeolite A was carried out based on procedures described by International Zeolite Association (IZA), the sodium silicate was used as a source of silicon and the sodium aluminate as a source of aluminum for the produced zeolite. The synthesis occurred at hydrothermal conditions through static autoclaving. The material formed was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained from the characterization analysis were satisfactory and the method of synthesis showed to have high reproducibility in the production of zeolite A with good crystallinity as predominant phase. This result is very interesting because this method is simple and did not use toxic organic compounds as templates.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Syndiotactic Polystyrene-Polyethylene Block Copolymer

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamparelli ◽  
Speranza ◽  
Camurati ◽  
Buonerba ◽  
Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Syndiotactic Polystyrene ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Atomic Force

The direct synthesis of syndiotactic polystyrene-block-polyethylene copolymer (sPS-b-PE) with a diblock structure has been achieved. The synthetic strategy consists of the sequential stereocontrolled polymerization of styrene and ethylene in the presence of a single catalytic system: cyclopentadienyltitanium(IV) trichloride activated by modified methylaluminoxane (CpTiCl3/MMAO). The reaction conditions suitable for affording the partially living polymerization of these monomers were identified, and the resulting copolymer, purified from contaminant homopolymers, was fully characterized. Gel permeation chromatography coupled with two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy COSY, HSQC, and DOSY confirmed the block nature of the obtained polymer, whose thermal behaviour and thin film morphology were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, powder wide angle x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy.

Fabrication and characterization of spinel Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanoparticles as bi-functional catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 1940060
Author(s):  
Jin Xiao ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Jiabin Peng ◽  
Haitong Xue ◽  
Hongchun Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Electrode Technique

Developing efficient and low-cost bi-functional electrolytes for energy applications such as fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries is highly desirable. Here, we have synthesized spinel Ni[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Co2O4 (NCC) nanoparticles as nonprecious bi-functional electrocatalysts by a simple hydrothermal reaction method. The phase structure and the morphology of NCC nanoparticles have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while the electrocatalytic activity of the samples has been studied in alkaline solution by using rotating disk electrode technique. The electrocatalysts have showed a comparable ORR and OER catalytic activities compared with of those of the other transition metal oxides, suggesting the feasibility of the NCC as the bi-functional electrolytes materials for ORR and OER.

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