The Status of the IUPAC InChI Chemical Structure Standard

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Boucher ◽  
Stephen Heller ◽  
Alan McNaught
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Project Staff ◽  
Structure Representation ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Chemical Identifier ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Time

AbstractFor almost 100 years, IUPAC has been well known around the world for its efforts in standardizing nomenclature in chemistry. At the start of the present century, it became clear to all involved in chemical structure representation work that, with the extensive use of computers and electronic information in all aspects of chemistry and related sciences, an IUPAC standard was necessary. From this critical need, the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier—InChI—project was launched in cooperation with the US standards agency NIST. The result of this effort has been the development, maintenance, and expansion of capabilities of the open source nonproprietary International Chemical Identifier (InChI), first by NIST and now by the InChI Trust, a not-for-profit UK charity. Over 100 chemical information specialists and computational chemists volunteer to test the software before a public release; this optimal quality control by a world-wide user community has led to improvements to and releases of the software with very few problems. The reliance on input from many volunteers enables the project staff to be restricted to two part-time contractors, a project director and a programmer, thus minimizing the running costs of the Trust.

Culture of law at Arab universities

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-407
Author(s):  
Adnan El Amine
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
College Of Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Discourse Teaching ◽  
The University ◽  
Require Data

The prevalence of a culture of law at a sample of 36 Arab universities is studied in this study. It examines four dimensions of the culture of law: reference to law and its related terms in the universities discourse; teaching of law programmes and law courses; activities practised at the university that raise legal topics; and perceptions of faculty and students on the existence of a culture of law at the university. The results showed that the culture of law is fair to weak. There was not a single university in the sample that was classified as ‘above average’ in terms of the four dimensions. Five universities – all private – were classified as ‘below average’, one of which was religious and the others for-profit. Both expressions ‘rule of law’ and ‘culture of law’ were absent from the discourse. Unlike the discourse, there was not a single university lacking in the law curricula, be it programmes or courses. The existence of a college of law at a university contributes to the expansion of the culture of law at the university. The culture of law is further expanded as well at private not-for-profit universities in comparison with for-profit ones. Public universities in Tunisia lag behind other Arab universities in discourse due to their lack of interest in developing websites, whereas they are ahead in curricula and perceptions. Paradoxically, almost nothing has been written about the issue of culture of law (and the rule of law) in Arab universities. Although there is an abundance of writing on academic freedom, it does not fill the gap. It is not the remit of this paper to investigate the rule of law at Arab universities; that would require data collection on facts, practices and stories, although such a project is badly needed. Instead, it investigates the culture of law, since the author believes it is a reliable indicator of the status of the rule of law.

Expanding Youth Professionals' Opportunities: The contribution that not-for-profit youth professionals can make in the corporate world

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Graeme Codrington
Keyword(s):  
Youth Culture ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Business World ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Corporate Business

This paper aims to expose youth professionals to a number of opportunities within the corporate business world. This will enable youth professionals to self-fund their ministries, as well as gain credibility and experience in their area of expertise. The paper will outline the need that the corporate world has with regards to an understanding of today's youth culture, as well as provide specific guidelines for youth professionals who wish to pursue part-time (or full-time) consulting work in the corporate world. The paper specifically ignores theological and ethical issues such work may provoke.

scholarly journals Preparing for Promise

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Littlepage ◽  
Teresa Clark ◽  
Logan Stout
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scholarship Program

Four-year postsecondary education institutions in Tennessee have sought systemic balance during a period of unprecedented change as a result of Tennessee Promise, a last-dollar scholarship program. The present study explored how administrators at four-year private, not-for-profit, and public-assisted postsecondary educational institutions responded to the need for structural change, as defined by Buller (2014) and Kezar (2013), through the delivery of orientation services. Investigators found that administrators reacted to anticipated change differently. Administrators who embraced the change sought to control the situation, create a culture of innovation, and seek coherence when the status quo was disrupted.

scholarly journals Progress down the open road

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Graham Taylor
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
The Us ◽  
University Presses ◽  
World Class ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Open Road

In UK scholarly publishing, we have a world-class industry led by famous flagship journals generating over £1bn in turnover, 80% from exports. We comprise a few significant commercial players, a few university presses and a large group of not-for-profit society publishers, often working under contract with the commercials. The UK is a world hub for this activity, alongside the US, The Netherlands and Germany, part of a global industry publishing over 1.5 million peer-reviewed articles per year in over 20 000 journals. But many challenges lie on the road ahead.

The activities of the IAPG - International Association for Promoting Geoethics: status and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Capua ◽  
Silvia Peppoloni
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Social Role ◽  
International Association ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Real Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Status

<p>The IAPG (https://www.geoethics.org) was founded in August 2012 with the aim to increase the awareness of the geoscientific community on ethical, social and cultural implications of geoscience knowledge, research, practice, education, and communication.<br>In this perspective, geoethics has been initially developed in the context of geosciences, as a rediscovery by geoscientists, and in some cases as a real process of consciousness-raising, of the social role that they can and should play in support of society to face global anthropogenic changes.<br>Currently the IAPG can count on more than 2600 geoscientists (belonging to 130 countries) and its IAPG network includes also 32 national sections, working to develop geoethics by focusing on local specific issues of each country, and 3 task groups. Many international organizations recognize, appreciate and support results achieved by the association, through affiliations, agreements of cooperation and partnerships.<br>The IAPG has coordinated numerous publications, both books and articles, supports a book series on geoethics and a new scientific, open-access, not-for-profit, peer-reviewed journal on geoethics and social geosciences, and promotes a school on geoethics.<br>This presentation provides an update on the status of IAPG activities, and on future perspectives.</p>

Internet Portals in Rural Areas

2010 ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Laura Galloway ◽  
David Deakins ◽  
John Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Internet Portal ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Internet Portals ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper investigates the ownership structure, operating characteristics and sustainability of six rural internet portals located in Scotland. It builds upon a previous study conducted by Deakins et al. (2003), which examined the characteristics of internet portals. In-depth interviews were conducted with six owners or the operators responsible for maintaining and developing the internet portal. The study discovered that two distinct forms of ownership structure existed. The first form of ownership structure involved dedicated private individuals who self-funded their internet portal activities, while the second form were managed by not-for-profit organisations, such as charitable trusts, that either hired part-time staff or employed volunteer staff to operate their internet portal. The privately owned portals were most effective because they demonstrated a higher degree of commitment via content richness, fullness of the services offered, and the extent of community and local business usage. In contrast, the not-for profit owned internet portals suffered from limited content, a narrow selection of services, some political infighting, low employee commitment, and modest community and business usage. Despite the differences both forms of ownership structure struggled to achieve commercial viability.

Constructing Online Equity for Adjunct Faculty Who Teach Across Geography

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Karyn E. Holt ◽  
Paul Thomas Clements
Keyword(s):  
Adjunct Faculty ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Online Faculty ◽  
Teaching Online ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
To Receive

With growing national online enrollments in higher education, a need exists for innovative practices for adjunct faculty geographically distant from campus. This chapter demonstrates the outcomes of a Teaching Across Geography Group (TAGG) at a private not-for-profit university with 27,000 students enrolled, 7,000 of whom are online. The purpose of this group was to identify resources in place and establish equitable access for faculty working online. All faculty need to receive the same degree of support to meet the academic requirements for teaching online. This support, however, looks different as it comes in the form of alternative access that is equitable, even if not equal, and results in the seamless inclusion of this faculty population. Shared practices for all academic units within a university can streamline communication between all online faculty and all on-ground faculty regardless of academic rank or academic status (full or part-time), and it promotes a “one faculty” university rather than multiple entities in silos working together.

scholarly journals International Plasma Collection Practices: Project Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirjana Pant ◽  
Rupinder Bagha ◽  
Sarah McGill
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Plasma For Fractionation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Plasma Collection

Plasma is used by pharmaceutical companies to make plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs). PDMPs are used to treat conditions such as immune deficiencies and bleeding disorders. Several PDMPS are included in the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines. According to the WHO, self-sufficiency driven by voluntary (non-remunerated) plasma donations is an important national goal to ensure an adequate supply is secured to meet the needs of the population. Australia, New Zealand, the UK, the Netherlands, and France only allow public or not-for-profit sectors to collect plasma for fractionation. Each of the 5 countries have toll or contract agreements with 1 private commercial plasma fractionator to manufacture PDMPs from the plasma collected within their respective countries. None of these countries pay plasma donors. Donors are only permitted to donate every 2 weeks (24 to 26 times per year) in these 5 countries. Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and the US allow both public and non-for-profit sectors, as well as commercial private plasma collection centres, to operate in the country. Private, not-for-profit, or public plasma collection centres in these 4 countries offer monetary compensation and other in-kind incentives to plasma donors. While the Czech Republic limits plasma donation to every 2 weeks, a much higher frequency of donation is allowed in other countries; up to 50 times per year in Austria, 60 times per year in Germany, and more than 100 times per year in the US. Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and the US (which allow commercial private plasma collectors to operate and pay donors) are 100% self-sufficient in immunoglobulins. These 4 countries collect the most plasma, which is from paid donors. In 2017, Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, and the US collected 75 litres per 1,000 people, 45 litres per 1,000 people, 36 litres per 1,000 people, and 113 litres per 1,000 people of plasma for fractionation, respectively. Countries that do not pay donors including Australia, New Zealand, the UK, the Netherlands, and France are dependent to some extent on US and European Union donors who are paid for the supply of plasma or imported PDMPs. The limited literature search conducted for the Environmental Scan did not identify publications on events of disease transmission through PDMPs manufactured from either paid or non-renumerated donors’ plasma, the impact of plasma collection centres (including those that do or do not pay donors) on the collection of whole blood or other blood components, or the long-term costs associated with plasma self-sufficiency on the health care system.

scholarly journals Regulating Charity in a Federated State: The Australian Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Murray
Keyword(s):  
Federal System ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Charity Regulation

AbstractThe last few decades have witnessed radical reform of charity regulation around the world. Australia has not been untouched and has developed several unique approaches. First, unlike many other federations (such as the US and Canada), Australia relies on a charities commission rather than its federal tax authority to act as the principal regulator, resulting in a very different scope of responsibility and the likelihood of greater interaction with state regulators. Second, unlike many other jurisdictions that have implemented a charities commission (such as England and Wales), the Australian commission is ultimately intended to apply to a broader pool of not-for-profits than just charities, which raises fundamental questions about the ways in which charities differ from the not-for-profit sector more broadly. This paper outlines the historical and political reasons for reform in Australia and the shape of that reform. As the reforms have now achieved broad political and sector support, the chief focus of this paper is on the out-workings of the reforms, with particular attention to the challenges and opportunities posed by Australia’s federal system of government and by the charity commission’s potential to regulate the broader not-for-profit sector.

The Development of Not-For-Profit Hospital Cost Models

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Greg M. Thibadoux ◽  
Nicholas Apostolou ◽  
Ira S. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Cost ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit
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