Tool use and the human mind: From basic to materially mediated operative intentionality

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Woelert

AbstractThis paper explores some of the cognitive-ecological dimensions of various manual forms of tool use occurring among human agents. In particular, it clarifies what such forms reveal about the intentionality of the human mind. Integrating phenomenological, philosophical and anthropological findings and perspectives, I argue that there exists not one but at least three different forms of operative types of intentionality that are associated with three specific forms of manual technical activity. First, there is the direct type of operative intentionality that realizes itself through a human agent’s concrete bodily movements. Second, there is a materially mediated form of operative intentionality, which is required for performing those technical activities where the external tool directly extends the movements of the human body. Third, there is a more complex variety of such materially mediated intentionality, which underpins those forms of tool use where the dynamics of the tool and those of the body significantly diverge. It is suggested that the relation between these three forms of operative intentionality is best conceived in terms of a structural hierarchy.

Author(s):  
Preksha Sharma

The science behind any kind of medical treatment is oriented around the effects of the psychology of humans with the corresponding therapeutic mechanism of the treatment. The human mind and its psychology is always an interesting and complex matter of discussion for researchers. The human mind is so powerful that it is even capable of healing the mental and physical health of the human body. To study this psychological concept of a healing mechanism, the Placebos effect is studied. This paper discusses the placebo effect and the physiology neuroscience involved in the whole concept of the Placebos and its mechanism. Because the placebos and its mechanism are so powerful that it is capable of even manipulating the human mind and the body as well the study discussed all the facts in an evidential manner.


Author(s):  
С. С. Бескаравайний

The article discusses the analogies between the formation of humanity as a collective subject, and the modern process of forming artificial intelligence, which should also have the features of a collective subject. It is shown that attempts to rely solely on the study of individual intelligence are unproductive. The isomorphism of anthroposociogenesis and the creation of AI is motivated by the following: AI is created by human civilization - therefore, its thinking will reproduce both the features of individual intelligence and the features of civilization that ensure the socialization of the individual. The problem of copying consciousness is difficult to analyze, therefore, the formation of subjectivity is considered. A technosubject is a collection of devices and programs that can determine their own future. It has been established that the bio-genetic law acts as a vector for the evolutionary variability of technical devices and sets the boundary conditions that must be met in the process of becoming a techno-subject. Copying the process of the emergence of the human mind and at the same time the practice of society in the accumulation and processing of information shows the path of development. Since now all functional mechanisms of the development of the mind and consciousness have not been revealed, it is necessary to correlate the new, computer mind with the form, with the external manifestations of the previous, natural, intelligence. There are also differences between these processes: 1) in comparison with the formation of human intelligence, the formation of AI is more reflexive, conscious, 2) the fundamentally different physicality of AI, due to the transfer of a large amount of information between machines, 3) the formation of techno-subject can be completely different in speed, since the learning ability of neural networks can exceed the learning ability of a person. Now, technological structures for storing information that we perceive in a socio-technological context can become elements of the body of a new subject. The Internet of things shows the possibility of a fundamentally new physicality, and communications in it are equivalent to unconscious biochemical processes in the human body. At the same time, copying the forms of the human body is redundant, but copying of manipulators and robot operators that can interact with the infrastructure created by man is necessary. It is shown that the Internet as a whole, as a single system, in modern conditions cannot become an AI carrier, it is more a medium than a subject. The carriers of AI should be the structural units of the technosphere, which will become the spokesmen of those contradictions that are sources of development. Probably, these will be technocenoses that will strive to achieve autotrophy, which will require extremely clear goal-setting from them, and, as a result, will lead them to the status of a techno-subject.


Author(s):  
Don Garrett
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  

Spinoza’s central doctrines in Part 5 of the Ethics include the following: (1) there is in God an idea of the formal essence of each human body; (2) because this idea remains after the death of the body, a part of the human mind is eternal; and (3) the wiser and more knowing one is, the greater is this part of one’s mind that is eternal. Each doctrine seems to be inconsistent—indeed, each in two different ways—with the rest of Spinoza’s philosophy. Resolving these apparent inconsistencies requires an understanding of Spinoza’s theory of formal essences and its connection to his theories of intellect and consciousness. This chapter explains, for each doctrine, (i) why it must be attributed to Spinoza; (ii) why it seems difficult to reconcile with the rest of his philosophy; and (iii) how an understanding of his theory of formal essences can resolve the apparent inconsistencies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Amar Baliram Abhrange ◽  
Archana Amar Abhrange ◽  
Sachin S. Waghmare

The growth and existence of the human body is dependent on these seven Dhatus. These seven Dhatus are composed of five elements or Panchmahabhutas. Dhatu Sarata or Tissue excellence is a quality assessment of seven Dhatu. Examination of Dhatu Sarata is done at physical and psychological level. For determining the Dhatu Sarata, when the positive features are present above 75 %, it will be considered as best tissue quality (Uttam Sarata). When the positive features are present between 75 % and 25 %, it will be considered as moderate tissue quality (Madhyam Sarata). When positive features are present below 25 %, it will be labeled as poor tissue quality (Heen Sarata). The bodily movements which are meant for producing firmness and strength in the body are known as Vyayama or physical exercises. „Dehabala’ (Physical fitness) of subjects will be determined by Harvard step test. “Harvard Step Test” is a practical application of Ayurvedic Principal that “Bala should be measured by Vyamshakti” (Balam Vyayamshakty Parikshet). The person should be examined with reference to his capacity for exercise which is determined by one‟s ability to perform work. Therefore this study will estimate Dehabala and study the Dhatusarata and their association between them.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nona Arezehgar

<div>The hegemony of vision and the suppression of other sensory realms has led to an architecture distanced from the human body. Undoubtedly, vision has the ability to receive the greatest amount of information from our surroundings; hence, it has been considered as primary to our perception. However, its interconnection with other bodily sensations is essential to perceive the totality of space; this connection also compensates for the limitations of sight. The purpose of this critique is not to demonize visuality; it is to consider the rhizomatic and interconnected nature of haptic perception of space. Approaching corporeality results in haptic spaces that enhance or suppress our bodily experience of spatial qualities while sharpening our visual experience. A haptic space will introduce more possibilities for bodily actions by focusing on spatiality, unifying the architecture of the foreground with the background. The concept of spatiality merges space and movement of the body, and therefore it can support or suppress the actions. These actions are subjectively performed based on perceived spatial opportunities through haptic perception. The thesis is intended to explore possibilities embedded within haptic space to create a richer architectural experience. It will explore the spatial interconnections between haptic perception, somatosensory system, vision and consequently bodily movements.</div>


Author(s):  
Kirti Mishra

In this time of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) when everyone is looking for the right treatment and the vaccine a psychological effect can really help make the situation better at homes. There is no doubt in an ideology that the human mind is a compelling tool and so powerful that it is well aware about the concept of placebo effect. It somehow convinces the human body that the placebo medication given in the procedure is equivalent to the proper Medication.  This paper aims to analyses the placebo effect in curing the pain and its role in curing the symptoms of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) because it is possible that this method may have healed the body of COVID patients. This has been done by considering the related experiments and researches of placebo effect. In this paper conducting the online survey which is help to find the placebo effects on the COVID-19 Patients and taking their opinion towards it and 280 patients for using as a sampling which help to find the approximation of placebo effect on COVID-19 patient. The influences of the placebo effect on the medical business and COVID treatment both have been highlighted. A discussion in futuristic sense about the placebo effect in treatment of COVID-19.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Murat Göç-Bilgin

This article aims to analyze Douglas Coupland’s Microserfs with a deliberate emphasis on posthuman theory, body politics, and gender to construe the transformation of the human body, human-machine nexus, and captivity in inhumanity with a struggle to (re)humanize minds and their bodies. One of the arguments of the paper will be that posthumanism offers a new outlet for breaking the chains of captivity, that is, escaping into non-human to redefine humanity and to emancipate the human mind and human body to notch up a more liberated and more equitable definition of humanity. As gender and sex are further marked by the mechanical and mass-mediated reproduction of human experiences, history, and memory, space and time, postmodern gender theories present a perpetual in-betweenness, transgression and fluidity and the dissolution of grand narratives also resulted in a dissolution of the heteronormative and essentialist uniformity and solidity of the human body. Gender in a posthuman context is characterized by a parallel tendency for reclaiming the possession of the body and sexual identity with a desire to transform the body as a physical entity through plastic surgery, genetic cloning, in vitro fertilization, and computerization of human mind and memory. Therefore, the human body has lost its quality as gendered and sexed and has been imprisoned in an embodiment of infantile innocence and manipulability, a “ghost in the machine,” or a cyborg, a hybrid of machine and organism (Haraway). The human-machine symbiosis, then, is exteriorized and extended into a network of objects switching “natural human body” to an immaterialized, dehumanized, and prosthetic “data made flesh.” In this regard, Coupland’s Microserfs boldly explores the potential of posthuman culture to provide a deconstruction of human subjectivity through an analysis of human and machine interaction and to demonstrate how human beings transgress the captivity of humanity by technologizing their bodies and minds in an attempt to become more human than human.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nona Arezehgar

<div>The hegemony of vision and the suppression of other sensory realms has led to an architecture distanced from the human body. Undoubtedly, vision has the ability to receive the greatest amount of information from our surroundings; hence, it has been considered as primary to our perception. However, its interconnection with other bodily sensations is essential to perceive the totality of space; this connection also compensates for the limitations of sight. The purpose of this critique is not to demonize visuality; it is to consider the rhizomatic and interconnected nature of haptic perception of space. Approaching corporeality results in haptic spaces that enhance or suppress our bodily experience of spatial qualities while sharpening our visual experience. A haptic space will introduce more possibilities for bodily actions by focusing on spatiality, unifying the architecture of the foreground with the background. The concept of spatiality merges space and movement of the body, and therefore it can support or suppress the actions. These actions are subjectively performed based on perceived spatial opportunities through haptic perception. The thesis is intended to explore possibilities embedded within haptic space to create a richer architectural experience. It will explore the spatial interconnections between haptic perception, somatosensory system, vision and consequently bodily movements.</div>


2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.


Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.


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