scholarly journals Impact of road architecture and design on performance of city-based VANETs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-436
Author(s):  
Sourav Kumar Bhoi ◽  
Sanjaya Kumar Panda ◽  
Chittaranjan Mallick ◽  
Kalyan Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Vehicular communication is the communication between the vehicles to provide intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) services to the end users. It is the most advance and emerging wireless technology in ad hoc network. On the other hand, construction of roads has a great impact in forwarding the data to the destination. As vehicles are moving with high speeds, the architecture of roads can change the performance of routing and data forwarding in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). If the construction of the roads in a city area is planned with intelligent junctions, flyovers, multilane, etc., then the performance of the system increases. In this paper, we have analyzed the impact of road elements like intersections, flyovers, multilane, buildings, hills, etc., on VANET routing and find solutions for the problems related to the performance of the system. We also simulate the impact of these elements in VANET routing and analyzed the performance using OMNeT++ network simulator and SUMO traffic simulator. The performance is studied by comparing standard GSR and GPSR position-based routing protocols.

Importance of the Static Infrastructure for Dissemination of Information within Intelligent Transportation Systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. E63-E73
Author(s):  
Jiří Jelínek ◽  
Jiří Čejka ◽  
Josef Šedivý
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
The Impact

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are a today´s hot topic, especially in the context of the development of information technologies, which can be employed in transportation. Although the scope and the technical solution of these systems may vary, they are frequently based on VANET (Vehicular ad hoc network), i.e. a communication network, which is primarily generated among the moving subjects, which form ITS. Given the highly dynamic VANET, the questions are raised as to the data transmission. This paper is aimed to make a detail analysis of the communications within VANET using the simulation model, which includes the static infrastructure of ITS and to experimentally verify the impact of this infrastructure on the dynamics of information spreading in ITS. The authors present the results obtained from a few different scenarios, which have been tested.

scholarly journals A Framework for Performance Evaluation of VANETs Using NS-3 Simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Marija Malnar ◽  
Nenad Jevtić
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
Hoc Networks

During the last decade, the number of vehicles on roads has been rapidly growing. Therefore, the demands for communication on the move are also increasing and the attention from many researchers is focused on the Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) because of their importance for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). Due to the complexity and cost of practical evaluation of VANETs, the researchers often rely on network simulation in order to evaluate their work. In this paper, we have developed a Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) based framework for VANETs that provides network performance analysis based on the key performance indicators such as throughput, packet loss ratio, overhead, end-to-end delay, jitter, etc. Since VANETs are highly dynamic networks, many researchers have proposed different routing protocols in order to improve the network performance. In this paper we have compared several topology-based routing protocols, and proposed utilization of the commonly used Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric to improve VANET performance.

Evaluation of Topology-Based Routing Protocols for Dissemination of Emergency Messages in Urban Vehicular Traffic Scenarios in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-74
Author(s):  
Pawan Singh ◽  
Suhel Ahmad Khan ◽  
Pramod Kumar Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Packet Delivery

VANET is a subclass of MANET that makes the dream of intelligent transportation systems come true. As per the report of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, India, 1.5 million people were killed in road accidents in 2015. To reduce casualty and provide some kind of comfort during the journey, India must also implement VANETs. Applicability of VANET in Indian roads must be tested before implementation in reality. In this chapter, the real maps of Connaught Place, New Delhi from Open Street maps websites is considered. The SUMO for traffic and flow modeling is used. Many scenarios have been used to reflect real Indian road conditions to measure the performance of AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. The CBR traffic is used for the dissemination of emergency messages in urban vehicular traffic scenarios. The throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay are considered for performance analysis through the NS-2.35 network simulator.

Research and Improvement of Clustering Routing Algorithm in Ad Hoc Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 1087-1090
Author(s):  
Ping Zong ◽  
Jun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Network Scalability

With the expansion of the network, especially in the case of the nodes frequently moving, clustering routing protocol can reduce the impact of the changed topology on routing protocols, and improve the network scalability and reduce routing overhead. Based on the analysis of the problems of CBRP clustering routing protocol, this paper presents a CRBAC clustering routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm. The simulation results show that, in the circumstance that the algorithm doesnt significantly increase the routing overhead, improved clustering routing protocol CRBAC get better performance than CBRP. They reflect on the clusters structure more reasonable and stable, the average end-to-end delay and network lifetime significantly improved.

scholarly journals Impact of Direction Parameter in Performance of Modified AODV in VANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Ahamed ◽  
Hamid Vakilzadian
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
End To End ◽  
Route Request ◽  
The Impact

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology in which moving cars are used as routers (nodes) to establish a reliable mobile communication network among the vehicles. Some of the drawbacks of the routing protocol, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), associated with VANETs are the end-to-end delay and packet loss. We modified the AODV routing protocols to reduce the number of route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages by adding direction parameters and two-step filtering. The two-step filtering process reduces the number of RREQ and RREP packets, reduces the packet overhead, and helps to select the stable route. In this study, we show the impact of the direction parameter in reducing the end-to-end delay and the packet loss in AODV. The simulation results show a 1.4% reduction in packet loss, an 11% reduction in the end-to-end delay, and an increase in throughput.

scholarly journals Improving VANETs Connectivity with a Totally Ad Hoc Living Mobile Backbone

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joilson Alves Junior ◽  
Emilio C. G. Wille
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Network Backbone ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
Analytic Models

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) for intelligent transportation systems is an emerging concept to improve transportation security, reliability, and management. The network behavior can be totally different in topological aspects because of the mobility of vehicular nodes. The topology can be fully connected when the flow of vehicles is high and may have low connectivity or be invalid when the flow of vehicles is low or unbalanced. In big cities, the metropolitan buses that travel on exclusive lanes may be used to set up a metropolitan vehicular data network (backbone), raising the connectivity among the vehicles. Therefore, this paper proposes the implementation of a living mobile backbone, totally ad hoc (MOB-NET), which will provide infrastructure and raise the network connectivity. In order to show the viability of MOB-NET, statistical analyses were made with real data of express buses that travel through exclusive lanes, besides evaluations through simulations and analytic models. The statistic, analytic, and simulation results prove that the buses that travel through exclusive lanes can be used to build a communication network totally ad hoc and provide connectivity in more than 99% of the time, besides raising the delivery rate up to 95%.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks in Urban Scenarios

2021 ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Dang Van Anh ◽  
◽  
Nguyen Duy Tan ◽  
Cong-Doan Truong ◽  
Nguyen Van Hau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Device-to-Device (D2D) is one of the emerging technologies expected to have significant contributions to the future of the Internet. The combination of personal mobile devices and D2D communications forms the Mobile Ad-hoc Network architecture, called MANETs. Nowadays, due to the flexibility and simplicity of establishing data transmission, MANETs are applied in various areas such as healthcare, intelligent transportation systems, tactical, smart retail, and smart agriculture. In practice, due to the mobility of network nodes, the network structure often changes, and the performance of MANETs is relatively low. Routing is one of the significant challenges of MANETs. In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the traditional routing protocols for MANETs. Based on the analysis results, we obtained a common framework for designing routing protocols for MANETs. To visualize the efficiencies of protocols under variable network traffic, we performed a simulation to compare the performance of typical protocols, including AODV, DSR, and OLSR. The obtained results again demonstrated that on-demand-based routing protocols are suitable for dynamic topology networks. We hope that this work will be an essential guide in researching and proposing energy-saving, secure, and QoS routing protocols for MANETs in the future.

Effect of Channel Fading on the Performance of Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Khushboo Tripathi ◽  
S.D. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Channel Fading ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
The Public

In this paper the application spectrum of wireless ad hoc network is a typical battle field monitoring system for the public safety purpose and military sector where the sensor network simulator architecture is used to provide support for sensing capabilities in network nodes for different mobility conditions. Rayleigh and Rician fading (K=3) model is used for the effect of channel fading in the network scenario. The channel fading incurs extra network overhead in the PHY, MAC and Network layer. A comprehensive study on the performance of ad hoc network routing protocols under realistic network scenarios with the effect of channel fading models is presented.

scholarly journals Impact of Energy and Mobility on MANETs Routing Protocols: AODV and DSR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2346-2352
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Routing protocols can be tested in realistic conditions of Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET)). The performance of MANET depends on different parameters such as used number of nodes, mobility speed, routing protocols, mobility model and energy models etc. In this paper, researchers made an effort to analyze the impact of energy and mobility on the performance of AODV and DSR routing protocols with varying mobility speed under random waypoint mobility model and radio energy models in the MANET. Detailed simulations have been carried out using QualNet simulator for 50 nodes. Performance of AODV and DSR routing protocols has been analyzed under the premise of performance metrics namely average throughput, average end to end delay and average jitter using CBR traffic patterns.

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