Corrosion effects on seismic capacity of reinforced concrete structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bossio ◽  
Francesco Fabbrocino ◽  
Tullio Monetta ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Andrea Prota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Residual Service Life ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Behavior Simulation ◽  
Cover Cracking ◽  
Rc Structure

AbstractRecently, corrosion prevention and monitoring of reinforced concrete (RC) structures became an important issue for seismic assessment of such kind of structures. Therefore, it is important to develop adequate models to represent material degradation into seismic behavior simulation of RC structures. Because of its effects, corrosion represents the most important form of degradation for materials and structures, both for wide diffusion and the amount of danger it presents. To understand the corrosion process is critical in order to design RC structures that are able to guarantee the required service life and in order to understand the residual service life and strength of an existing structure. The seismic behavior of a corroded framed RC structure is analyzed by means of push-over analyses, which allow understanding the development of the global behavior of the structure. Three different degrees of corrosion penetration were simulated, by means of the reduction of bars and stirrups’ diameters and concrete cover cracking and spalling, and three different configurations of corrosion, depending on the number of corroded frames and sides of the structural elements.

scholarly journals Modelling of Corrosion-Induced Concrete Cover Cracking Due to Chloride Attacking

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Pei-Yuan Lun ◽  
Xiao-Gang Zhang ◽  
Ce Jiang ◽  
Yi-Fei Ma ◽  
Lei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Cover Cracking ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
Cracking Process

The premature failure of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is significantly affected by chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel. Although researchers have achieved many outstanding results in the structural capacity of RC structures in the past few decades, the topic of service life has gradually attracted researchers’ attention. In this work, based on the stress intensity, two models are developed to predict the threshold expansive pressure, corrosion rate and cover cracking time of the corrosion-induced cracking process for RC structures. Specifically, in the proposed models, both the influence of initial defects and modified corrosion current density are taken into account. The results given by these models are in a good agreement with practical experience and laboratory studies, and the influence of each parameter on cover cracking is analyzed. In addition, considering the uncertainty existing in the deterioration process of RC structures, a methodology based on the third-moment method in regard to the stochastic process is proposed, which is able to evaluate the cracking risk of RC structures quantitatively and predict their service life. This method provides a good means to solve relevant problems and can prolong the service life of concrete infrastructures subjected to corrosion by applying timely inspection and repairs.

scholarly journals Calculation method for the service life of Chinese historical reinforced concrete buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Hui Jin ◽  
Qing Chun
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Specific Calculation ◽  
Cover Cracking ◽  
Durability Assessment ◽  
Steel Rebars

Almost all of the existed studies on the corrosion of rebars were based on round-section rebars. However, the square-section steel rebars were widely used in China from 1912 to 1949, and there was no specific calculation model or durability assessment method for this type of historical buildings. In this study, based on the original configuration design of this kind of structures, the experiments of the corrosion-induced cover cracking of a certain number of reinforced concrete members with square-section rebars were carried out with the electrochemical acceleration method. The average rust depths of the square-section rebars at the critical corrosion-induced cover cracking moment were obtained. Then, the calculation method of critical rust depth of steel rebars at the concrete cover cracking moment was presented with data fitting method. Finally, combining with predication of carbonization life of concrete, a calculation method of the service life for Chinese historical RC buildings using square-section rebars was proposed. The research results can provide the basis for the durability assessment and conservation for Chinese historical RC buildings.

Residual Service Life Prediction of Offshore Concrete Structures With Chloride-Induced Damage: The State of the Art

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. S. M. K. Samarakoon ◽  
R. M. Chandima Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Residual Service Life ◽  
Reinforcement Corrosion ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Remaining Service Life

Offshore oil and gas (O&G) production and process facilities (P&PFs) consist of concrete components and structures with steel reinforcement and pre-stressing tendons. They are vulnerable to deterioration due to chloride-induced damage from being exposed to the severe marine environment. The aforementioned deterioration creates significant challenges to the life extension analysis presently required for P&PFs located in the North Sea. Currently, maintenance work has been carried out via in-service inspection and condition monitoring to assure the structural integrity at a pre-specified level of P&PFs. In this context, the knowledge from existing models forms a basis for making quantitative predictions of the remaining service life of structures and components made of concrete. The service life of reinforced concrete structures in relation to reinforcement corrosion is usually modeled considering the initiation period and the corrosion propagation period. The formation of optimal proactive maintenance and repair strategies for corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) structures is highly dependent on the results of prediction models. The combination of both field (i.e. inspection) and laboratory data with numerical modeling helps the formulation of models for the prediction of the time to pre-defined limit states or to estimate the time for carrying out necessary maintenance and repair. This manuscript provides a review of the available methods for predicting the remaining service life of RC structures in relation to reinforcement corrosion. It also highlights suitable methods for predicting the remaining service life of offshore ageing concrete structures in a severe corrosive environment.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Evaluation of Service Life for Reinforced Concrete Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Verma ◽  
Sudhir Singh Bhadauria ◽  
Saleem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
Probabilistic Evaluation

Degradation of performance and deterioration of different components of reinforced concrete (RC) structures increase with the age of structure. This deterioration of reinforced component depends on several parameters. However, modeling service life of RC structure by considering all the parameters is a difficult job, as most of the parameters are uncertain in nature. Probabilistic models account well for the uncertainties in the parameters responsible for deterioration of RC structures. This paper presents a review of several recent service life models developed using probability based concepts.

Determining Criteria for Assessment of RC Structures Affected by Carbonation-Induced Corrosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Jan Mlčoch ◽  
Miroslav Sýkora
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Design Service Life ◽  
Structural Surface

The construction industry is now facing expanding and extensive activities in the area of assessing and retrofitting buildings and bridges that aligns with the sustainable construction strategy. These activities recognise the importance of extending the life of existing construction works thereby delivering environmental, economic and socio-political benefits. Reinforced concrete structures and their reliability are currently receiving considerable attention as a significant part of these structures reaches the design service life. Degradation processes such as carbonation- and chloride-induced corrosion have a major influence on the reliability and serviceability of concrete structures. The submitted study is primarily focused on reinforced concrete structures whose main degradation factor is carbonation of the concrete cover. Examples of such structures are cooling towers or industrial chimneys. Structures in the power industry are usually designed for service life of 40 years. Carbonation-induced corrosion results in visible cracks and unacceptable spalling of concrete cover. The aim of the study is to improve predictions of carbonation-induced corrosion propagation and to critically compare the criteria for degradation level assessment used in practice. The probabilistic analysis is based on measurements of concrete cover and carbonation depths and continuous observations of signs of corrosion on structural surfaces. The example of an industrial chimney shows that the limit of a severe failure, which requires (possibly repeated) minor repairs, is exceeded after about 17 years. The critical failure limit (30% of structural surface with visible signs of corrosion) is reached after 50 years, which seems to be sufficient as it is after 10 years than the usual design service life.

Physical and Chemical Deterioration of Reinforced Concrete Reefs in Tongyeong Reefs Coastal Waters, Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Kim ◽  
C. G. Kim ◽  
W. B. Na ◽  
J. Woo ◽  
J. K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

As part of a marine habitat enhancement project, the physical and chemical deterioration of reinforced concrete reefs that were fully immersed in Tongyeong waters of Korea was investigated. For the investigation, marine environmental factors such as seawater, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, sea-bottom materials, and water depth of the targeted sites were surveyed from 1997 to 2001. Then, four reinforced concrete reefs from four different sites were recovered and tested by using various destructive and nondestructive methods. Based on the observations and test results, it was seen that the reinforced concrete reefs have sound physical and chemical properties, except for chloride concentration and its associated factors. However, because of the lack of dissolved oxygen in the targeted seawaters and its continuous supply, it is concluded that the originally designed service life will be achieved, and in fact the concrete reefs will have an even longer service life than expected. By considering an extreme event such as impact loading under installation and construction, a new minimum concrete cover depth of 40 mm is introduced into practice.

scholarly journals Effects of Tension Reinforcement Ratio on Ductility of Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 702-708
Author(s):  
Onur Onat ◽  
Burak Yön
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
Determine Effect

Failure mode of reinforced concrete (RC) structures are classified according to tension reinforcement ratio of beam elements. To determine effect of tension reinforcement ratio on performance of RC structure, two planar RC structure were selected. One of them is 5 stories other of them is 7 stories. Two different concrete class, C20 and C25, were considered for analysis. Three tension reinforcement combinations were considered, three different tension reinforcement ratios were used. First case is the ratio of the tension reinforcement is lower than that of the compression reinforcement, second case is the ratio of the tension reinforcement is equal to the ratio of the compression reinforcement and third case is the ratio of the tensile reinforcement is higher than the compression reinforcement.

Expected residual service life of reinforced concrete structures from current strength considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631-1643
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Dhawan ◽  
Abhinav Bindal ◽  
Suresh Bhalla ◽  
Bishwajit Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Residual Service Life ◽  
Remaining Service Life ◽  
Residual Service

Concrete is primarily used in the form of reinforced concrete for construction of buildings, bridges and other important structures. Due to normal usage and environmental effects, the structure would gradually deteriorate. The actual residual life needs to be worked at a given time vis-à-vis the design life of the structure, commensurate with the fulfilment of essential requirements of structural integrity and safety and from strength as well as serviceability considerations. Requirements for residual life assessment would depend upon the current parameters, such as the residual cross-sectional area of concrete as well as steel, Young’s modulus of elasticity and the in situ material strength of the constituent materials, namely, concrete and steel. This article aims to develop a rigorous methodology for expected remaining service life of a reinforced concrete structure from wind/seismic considerations, based on the present condition of the structure encompassing the residual material strength and the residual reinforcement/sectional areas. The methodology development section is followed by an illustrative example and a parametric study involving a 10-storeyed reinforced concrete building frame under wind and earthquake loads. Influences of various parameters such as concrete strength and residual rebar area on the expected remaining service life are studied in detail. The proposed methodology provides a simple but rational estimation of the residual service life for reinforced concrete structures.

Analysis on Concrete Neutralization and Life Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Chimney

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1672-1675
Author(s):  
Yan Hui Li ◽  
Yang Yang Zhang ◽  
Jing Cun Wei ◽  
Yun Feng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Initiation Time ◽  
Reinforcement Corrosion ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Life Evaluation ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Chimney

Through calculation and analysis on routine examination and neutralization of reinforced concrete chimney, the service life of concrete structure was evaluated only considering neutralization of concrete single factor. The results show that the neutralization of the reinforced concrete chimney was serious than that of other similar projects. The initiation time of reinforcement corrosion were 19.3a, cracking time of concrete cover were 27.35a.

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