scholarly journals Pragmatismus und Historismus

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Joas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Josiah Royce ◽  
Ernst Troeltsch

AbstractThis article explores the similarities between American pragmatism and (mostly German) historicism in the nineteenth century - similarities that were often ignored because of cultural differences between the U. S. and Germany and a different status of the natural sciences or the humanities in the two cultures. The main claim of this text is that American pragmatism developed ideas that allow us to overcome the dichotomy between objectivism and relativism in historiography. Joas identifies conceptual tools in the works of Josiah Royce, Mead, and Dewey that can account both for the intersubjective and the temporal nature of human experience and the processes of the formation of ideals. By bringing Ernst Troeltsch, the most sophisticated thinker from the historicist tradition, into the picture, Joas demonstrates that in the 1920s one could almost speak of the beginning of a process of convergence between Mead’s “temporalized pragmatism” and Troeltsch’s “existential historicism.” For contingent reasons this convergence never took place, but remains a challenge to which this paper responds.

Different Cultures Different People

2017 ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Kornélia Lazányi ◽  
Peter Holicza ◽  
Kseniia Baimakova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
21St Century ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Tools And Methods

Culture is a scheme of knowledge shared by a relatively large number of people. Hence, it is a collection of explicit as well as implicit patterns of behaviour. It makes the members of the culture feel, think act and react in a certain, predefined way, hence makes their actions predictable. The literature on cultures, especially that of national cultures has focused on cultural differences and on understanding and measuring them for long decades, but in the 21st century the attention has shifted to leveraging benefits of multicultural environments and experiences. Hence, present paper—after providing a short insight into the basic approaches of national cultures—endeavours to analyse Russian and Hungarian culture. We aim to present the similarities and differences of the two cultures, along with tools and methods that are able to lessen these differences and harvest the benefits of them.

scholarly journals Human-Alien Encounters in Science Fiction: A Postcolonial Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Borbála Bökös
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
James Cameron ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Science Fiction Films ◽  
Abel Ferrara ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract An (un)conventional encounter between humans and alien beings has long been one of the main thematic preoccupations of the genre of science fiction. Such stories would thus include typical invasion narratives, as in the case of the three science fiction films I will discuss in the present paper: the Invasion of the Body Snatchers (Don Siegel, 1956; Philip Kaufman, 1978; Abel Ferrara, 1993), The Host (Andrew Niccol, 2013), and Avatar (James Cameron, 2009). I will examine the films in relation to postcolonial theories, while attempting to look at the ways of revisiting one’s history and culture (both alien and human) in the films’ worlds that takes place in order to uncover and heal the violent effects of colonization. In my reading of the films I will shed light on the specific processes of identity formation (of an individual or a group), and the possibilities of individual and communal recuperation through memories, rites of passages, as well as hybridization. I will argue that the colonized human or alien body can serve either as a mediator between the two cultures, or as an agent which fundamentally distances two separate civilizations, thus irrevocably bringing about the loss of identity, as well as the lack of comprehension of cultural differences.

scholarly journals The Effects of Adult Ageing and Culture on the Tower of London Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise H. Phillips ◽  
Louisa Lawrie ◽  
Alexandre Schaefer ◽  
Cher Yi Tan ◽  
Min Hooi Yong
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Planning Ability ◽  
Medium Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Potential Interactions

Planning ability is important in everyday functioning, and a key measure to assess the preparation and execution of plans is the Tower of London (ToL) task. Previous studies indicate that older adults are often less accurate than the young on the ToL and that there may be cultural differences in performance on the task. However, potential interactions between age and culture have not previously been explored. In the current study we examined the effects of age on ToL performance in an Asian culture (Malaysia) and a Western culture (British) (n = 191). We also explored whether working memory, age, education, and socioeconomic status explained variance in ToL performance across these two cultures. Results indicated that age effects on ToL performance were greater in the Malaysian sample. Subsequent moderated mediation analysis revealed differences between the two cultures (British vs Malaysians), in that the age-related variance in ToL accuracy was accounted for by WM capacity at low and medium education levels only in the Malaysian sample. Demographic variables could not explain additional variance in ToL speed or accuracy. These results may reflect cultural differences in the familiarity and cognitive load of carrying out complex planning tasks.

Robin—My Gateway, Guide, Ears, and Voice in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Ruthellen Josselson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Two Cultures

This chapter is an intense portrait of the Chinese interpreter with some reflections on the slipperiness of language between the two cultures. The close relationship that developed between the author and the interpreter also revealed more nuanced aspects of cultural difference that could be narrated from different perspectives. When the interpreter came to a conference in the United States, subtle cultural differences became apparent in what she viewed as unusual. From her perspective, Americans seemed uncurious about people from China. In Mandarin, there is no word for “the Other.” China is largely an ethnically homogenous society and Western approaches to diversity are hard to understand.

Genetic and environmental determinants of temperament: a comparative study based on Polish and German samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Oniszczenko ◽  
Bogdan Zawadzki ◽  
Jan Strelau ◽  
Rainer Riemann ◽  
Alois Angleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
Variance Explained ◽  
Error Of Measurement

This study of 1555 adult mono‐ and dizygotic twins reared together estimates the heritability of temperament traits in a Polish and a German sample. We test whether the etiology of temperament traits differs between the two cultures and between different temperament traits. We assessed temperament traits with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour–Temperament Inventory (FCB‐TI), the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS), the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS‐R), and the Emotionality–Activity–Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS‐TS). Taking error of measurement into account, genetic sources of variance explained about 50% of the variance of temperament traits. We found neither reliable cultural differences nor robust differences in the etiology of the traits. However, the four questionnaires differed systematically with respect to the proportion of genetic and environmental influences on their scales. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Dürrenmatt und die Naturwissenschaften

Gesnerus ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-246
Author(s):  
Hans Wolfgang Bellwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Way Of Thinking

The natural sciences, especially physics, mathematics, cosmology and in the last years, biology, play a very important role in the literary and pictorial work of Friedrich Dürrenmatt. He not only deals with them in a critical way, but they also characterize his way of thinking. In this way Dürrenmatt combines the two cultures, humanities and natural sciences, in a fruitful synthesis.

scholarly journals “Real Men Mark their Territory!” Spatial Constructions of Masculinity in Joe Pieri’s Autobiographical Narratives

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhir Zekri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The City

The history of Scots-Italian “male” encounters has an air of violence and brutality, one epitomized from ancient times by relentless “Picts” defending their lands from Roman invasions and by fearless mercenaries of the middle Ages protecting Italian cities. Such a peculiar waltz of animosity and loyalty created a deeply ingrained bond between the two cultures, until the first waves of rather “harmless” Italians started coming to Scotland, particularly to Glasgow, since the nineteenth century. These immigrants have irreversibly influenced the spatial and social infrastructure of the city, mainly through their connection with the catering business and the consequent establishment of ice-cream cafés and fish and chip shops. Now, they have to defend and “mark” their territory again. This essay is concerned with the autobiographical stories and memoirs of Joe Pieri, a Glasgow Italian fish and chip café owner, whose main events take place in the 1920s and 1930s. The main argument of this essay is that spatial narration in Pieri’s accounts influences the construction of his and other masculinities. By examining four of his autobiographical works, I consider how these narratives spatially construct a wide variety of masculinities through their various defence and adaptation strategies in the poverty- and delinquency-stricken Glasgow of the period.

Obscuritas Antiquitatis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kélina Gotman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
English Edition ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Literary Art ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
German Historian

The German historian of medicine J. F. C. Hecker’s landmark essay ‘The Dancing Mania’ appeared in a definitive English edition at the same time as Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859), a moment when fascination with antiquity was controversially at the forefront of modern science. Translations brought exotic literature into the mix, catapulting scenes of dancing into the purview of medical research. Attention to the genealogy or, after Diana Taylor and Michel Foucault, the scenes or scenarios, the archival repertoire, of choreomania’s discursive emergence, including the vicissitudes of writers’ institutional affiliations, new translations, a fashion for collecting, and practices of collage and montage, shows that sciences in the nineteenth century were more fluid than is often allowed. Cast as an ancient convulsive epidemic, ‘choreomania’ was articulated between the ‘two cultures’, science and literary art, as a medical curiosity and an archival find. Choreomania’s discursive history is thus found in the unlikeliest places: the medical anecdote, the footnote, the aside.

Teaching the Meaning and Meaninglessness of Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
MARK R. HUSTON
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Even Start ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Return To Teaching ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Anthony T. Kronman, in his book Education's End, both critiques the current teaching trends in the liberal arts and argues for a return to teaching “the meaning of life in a deliberate and organized way” (2007, 74). While I will use Kronman's work as a springboard, I will diverge significantly from his work as well. First, I will discuss some of the key distinctions that need to be made in order to even start to address something as substantial as the meaning of life, including an examination of the possibility that life is meaningless. I will look at the work of philosophers, literary works, and other disciplines to aid in this examination. Reflecting on the likes of C.P. Snow's The Two Cultures, I will argue that the liberal arts/humanities provide the best means for truly making sense of the meaning/meaninglessness of life. Finally, it is only the liberal arts/humanities that can provide the narrative structures, the creativity, and the collation of other disciplines, including the natural sciences, necessary to address such a substantial issue.

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