scholarly journals The Effects of Adult Ageing and Culture on the Tower of London Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise H. Phillips ◽  
Louisa Lawrie ◽  
Alexandre Schaefer ◽  
Cher Yi Tan ◽  
Min Hooi Yong
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Planning Ability ◽  
Medium Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Potential Interactions

Planning ability is important in everyday functioning, and a key measure to assess the preparation and execution of plans is the Tower of London (ToL) task. Previous studies indicate that older adults are often less accurate than the young on the ToL and that there may be cultural differences in performance on the task. However, potential interactions between age and culture have not previously been explored. In the current study we examined the effects of age on ToL performance in an Asian culture (Malaysia) and a Western culture (British) (n = 191). We also explored whether working memory, age, education, and socioeconomic status explained variance in ToL performance across these two cultures. Results indicated that age effects on ToL performance were greater in the Malaysian sample. Subsequent moderated mediation analysis revealed differences between the two cultures (British vs Malaysians), in that the age-related variance in ToL accuracy was accounted for by WM capacity at low and medium education levels only in the Malaysian sample. Demographic variables could not explain additional variance in ToL speed or accuracy. These results may reflect cultural differences in the familiarity and cognitive load of carrying out complex planning tasks.

Different Cultures Different People

2017 ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Kornélia Lazányi ◽  
Peter Holicza ◽  
Kseniia Baimakova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
21St Century ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Tools And Methods

Culture is a scheme of knowledge shared by a relatively large number of people. Hence, it is a collection of explicit as well as implicit patterns of behaviour. It makes the members of the culture feel, think act and react in a certain, predefined way, hence makes their actions predictable. The literature on cultures, especially that of national cultures has focused on cultural differences and on understanding and measuring them for long decades, but in the 21st century the attention has shifted to leveraging benefits of multicultural environments and experiences. Hence, present paper—after providing a short insight into the basic approaches of national cultures—endeavours to analyse Russian and Hungarian culture. We aim to present the similarities and differences of the two cultures, along with tools and methods that are able to lessen these differences and harvest the benefits of them.

scholarly journals Human-Alien Encounters in Science Fiction: A Postcolonial Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Borbála Bökös
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
James Cameron ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Science Fiction Films ◽  
Abel Ferrara ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract An (un)conventional encounter between humans and alien beings has long been one of the main thematic preoccupations of the genre of science fiction. Such stories would thus include typical invasion narratives, as in the case of the three science fiction films I will discuss in the present paper: the Invasion of the Body Snatchers (Don Siegel, 1956; Philip Kaufman, 1978; Abel Ferrara, 1993), The Host (Andrew Niccol, 2013), and Avatar (James Cameron, 2009). I will examine the films in relation to postcolonial theories, while attempting to look at the ways of revisiting one’s history and culture (both alien and human) in the films’ worlds that takes place in order to uncover and heal the violent effects of colonization. In my reading of the films I will shed light on the specific processes of identity formation (of an individual or a group), and the possibilities of individual and communal recuperation through memories, rites of passages, as well as hybridization. I will argue that the colonized human or alien body can serve either as a mediator between the two cultures, or as an agent which fundamentally distances two separate civilizations, thus irrevocably bringing about the loss of identity, as well as the lack of comprehension of cultural differences.

Robin—My Gateway, Guide, Ears, and Voice in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Ruthellen Josselson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Two Cultures

This chapter is an intense portrait of the Chinese interpreter with some reflections on the slipperiness of language between the two cultures. The close relationship that developed between the author and the interpreter also revealed more nuanced aspects of cultural difference that could be narrated from different perspectives. When the interpreter came to a conference in the United States, subtle cultural differences became apparent in what she viewed as unusual. From her perspective, Americans seemed uncurious about people from China. In Mandarin, there is no word for “the Other.” China is largely an ethnically homogenous society and Western approaches to diversity are hard to understand.

Genetic and environmental determinants of temperament: a comparative study based on Polish and German samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Oniszczenko ◽  
Bogdan Zawadzki ◽  
Jan Strelau ◽  
Rainer Riemann ◽  
Alois Angleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
Variance Explained ◽  
Error Of Measurement

This study of 1555 adult mono‐ and dizygotic twins reared together estimates the heritability of temperament traits in a Polish and a German sample. We test whether the etiology of temperament traits differs between the two cultures and between different temperament traits. We assessed temperament traits with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour–Temperament Inventory (FCB‐TI), the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS), the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS‐R), and the Emotionality–Activity–Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS‐TS). Taking error of measurement into account, genetic sources of variance explained about 50% of the variance of temperament traits. We found neither reliable cultural differences nor robust differences in the etiology of the traits. However, the four questionnaires differed systematically with respect to the proportion of genetic and environmental influences on their scales. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Pragmatismus und Historismus

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Joas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Josiah Royce ◽  
Ernst Troeltsch

AbstractThis article explores the similarities between American pragmatism and (mostly German) historicism in the nineteenth century - similarities that were often ignored because of cultural differences between the U. S. and Germany and a different status of the natural sciences or the humanities in the two cultures. The main claim of this text is that American pragmatism developed ideas that allow us to overcome the dichotomy between objectivism and relativism in historiography. Joas identifies conceptual tools in the works of Josiah Royce, Mead, and Dewey that can account both for the intersubjective and the temporal nature of human experience and the processes of the formation of ideals. By bringing Ernst Troeltsch, the most sophisticated thinker from the historicist tradition, into the picture, Joas demonstrates that in the 1920s one could almost speak of the beginning of a process of convergence between Mead’s “temporalized pragmatism” and Troeltsch’s “existential historicism.” For contingent reasons this convergence never took place, but remains a challenge to which this paper responds.

scholarly journals Brazilians and Americans habits and perceptions analysis for the translation of coffee packages and labels

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e24101219984
Author(s):  
Adriano Clayton da Silva ◽  
Luíz Guilherme Malaquias da Silva ◽  
Ádrian Rodrigues Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Country Brand ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Consumption Habits

In this paper, we analyze the consumption habits and perceptions of Brazilians and Americans regarding the consumption, preparation and handling of the coffee product and its packaging, in order to better think about translating the packaging of coffee produced in southern Minas Gerais to the USA market. Through bibliographic research and other resources, information such as preparation, reasons for consumption, and place of consumption were compared between the two populations to understand if there were relevant cultural differences. The packaging of eight coffee brands, four from each country, was also compared in order to notice any differences and similarities between them. The results show that there are indeed differences between the two cultures, both in their habits and in their packaging. Some examples are the valorization of the semantic field of coffee in Brazilian packaging, and the preference for quick methods of brewing the product for the Americans. We conclude that any translation of Brazilian coffee for the American public must consider these differences. Finally, we present some possibilities for packaging translation, using for this the idea of country brand and its influences on consumers, as well as the concepts of Localization, Intersemiotic Translation and Paratranslation.

Cultural Differences in E-Commerce

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Qiu Bin ◽  
Shao Q. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Language Barriers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The U.S

This chapter discusses the importance of identifying cultural problems of the online globalization and points out that payment and logistic systems and language are the primary factors that every firm should take into account in the process of their online globalization. Next, the chapter identifies the characteristics and trends of the Internet and e-commerce in China. In the third part, the chapter differentiates e-commerce in the U.S. with China through analyzing Internet users’ behaviors especially their attitudes toward different payment systems in these two countries. Finally, it discusses how to remove language barriers to enhance net growth. In conclusion, this chapter will suggest some recommendations on how to expand business via the Internet by reducing the gap between the two cultures.

Effect of Visual Feedback on the Static and Kinematic Characteristics of Handwriting

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pertsinakis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Software Module ◽  
Medium Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Pen Tablet ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Document Examiners

Research on visual feedback has not produced consistent results to show how visual feedback or the lack, thereof, influences individual handwriting characteristics. A two-pronged approach was designed to investigate the degree of this influence. For this purpose, samples of signatures as well as cursive and block text, written with and without visual feedback, were collected from 40 volunteers and imported into a PC via a pen tablet, using an electronic inking pen. The data was analyzed in a handwriting movement analysis software module specially designed for this research that was added to the software MovAlyzeR by Neuroscript LLC. Two forensic document examiners (FDEs) independently analyzed samples from the two groups (samples executed with normal visual feedback versus the group of samples executed without visual feedback). They found no fundamental differences between these two groups. Their analyses also demonstrated that a large number of similarities existed in the general design of the allographs (alternative forms of a letter or other grapheme) and in the pictorial aspects, regardless of the complexity of the samples. In the cursive and block handwriting, four main qualitative characteristics were linked to the absence of visual feedback: change of overall size, non-uniformity of left margins, change of baseline alignment, and inclusion of extra trajectories. The statistical analysis verified the above findings. The comparative analysis also suggests that gender, educational level (above high school) and handedness create an insignificant influence on the individual characteristics of writing produced with and without visual feedback. The only notable exception is the relationship between signature duration and educational level. The volunteers with a medium education level showed a significant increase in duration while signing their names without visual feedback in comparison to those with higher education levels. The combination of the above findings suggests that handwriting is not fundamentally influenced by visual feedback.  Purchase Article - $10

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