scholarly journals Effect of composting plant material with copolyester on quality of organic matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kopeć ◽  
Krystyna Twarowska-Schmidt ◽  
Krzysztof Gondek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fractional Composition Of Humus

Abstract The problem of incorporating plastics into the environment will be aggravating, both regarding its scale and kind of these materials. Investigations were carried out using aliphatic-aromatic copolyester poly (succinate-co-glutarate-co-adipate-co-terephthalate 1,4-butylene) with addition of fatty acid dimers. The work aimed to determine the effect of composting the copolyester with plant biomass on changes of fractional composition of humus substances and their stability. Copolyester was supplemented to the biomass in the form of a nonwoven fabric in two doses. It constituted 8 and 16% of the dry mass of the composted substrates. The composting process was run within two ranges of ambient temperature 25-30°C and 40-45°C. After the completion of this process, the degree of material maturing was assessed using manometric methods and the carbon content was analysed in the individual organic matter fractions. On the basis of cumulated respiratory activity AT4 a lack of composted material activity was revealed in the higher temperatures of the process. However, in the objects where copolyester was transformed in the lower temperatures this activity was considerably diversified. Adding copolyester to the composted biomass led to a diversification of the Cha : Cfa ratio. The values of Cha : Cfa ratio most approximating 1.5, ie the value regarded as optimal, were registered in the object, where copolyester supplement constituted 16% and the plant biomass was maintained within the 40-45°C temperature range.

The influence of stream size on the food quality of seston

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1995-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Naiman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

During 1979 and 1980, seston was investigated for food quality in five Quebec streams ranging in size from first to ninth order. Course particulate organic matter (CPOM; > 1 mm), fine particulate organic matter (FPOM; 53 μm – 1 mm), and very fine particulate organic matter (VPOM; 0.5–53 μm) were examined for the percentage of organic matter, the carbon to nitrogen ratio, the amount of chlorophyll a, the respiration rate of associated microbes, and the nature of the particles. The percentage of organic matter ranged from 42 to 64% for CPOM, 21 to 35% for FPOM, and 32 to 82% for VPOM. The majority of chlorophyll was associated with FPOM and CPOM, but chlorophyll-bearing particles constituted only 6–34% ([Formula: see text]) of the seston load. Highest respiration rates ([Formula: see text] mg O2∙g ash-free dry mass−1∙h−1) were associated with VPOM, nearly an order of magnitude greater than mean rates associated with FPOM or CPOM. Carbon to nitrogen ratios decreased with particle size, and the lowest ratios and highest percentage of nitrogen were found in the large rivers. Electron microscopy indicated a more diverse array of particles downstream. The results suggest that seston undergoes rapid and directed changes in food quality as particles move downstream.

scholarly journals Growth and quality of Brazilian pine tree seedlings as affected by container type and volume

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Theodore Aaron Brown ◽  
Valdeci Constantino ◽  
Flavio Zanette
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

Abstract Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae), commonly known as araucaria and Brazilian pine tree, can be grown for their edible pine nuts (pinhões), medicinal properties, and ornamental purposes. The aim was to assess the shoot and root growth and the overall quality of A. angustifolia seedlings grown in containers with different sizes, shapes and composition. Seeds were sowed in five containers: I – 126cm3 polypropylene cone-tainers (small cone-tainers); II – 290cm3 cone-tainers (large cone-tainers); III – 879cm3 polyethylene black bags; IV- 275 cm3 nonwoven fabric (TNT) containers (small TNT container) and; 493 cm3 nonwoven fabric (TNT) containers (large TNT container). Seedlings were evaluated 210 days after sowing, regarding the following variables: aboveground height (cm), root collar diameter (mm), shoot dry mass (g), roots dry mass (g), total dry mass (g), leaf area (cm2), roots area (cm2), roots volume (cm3), sturdiness quotient, root-shoot ratio and Dickson quality index. Height was superior for seedlings grown in the plastic bags (27.6 cm) and the large TNT containers (27.02 cm) when compared to the small and large cone-tainers (21.75 and 21.78 cm, respectively). Plastic bags also presented greater values of root-collar diameter, shoots, roots and total biomass and Dickson Quality index. Small and large TNT containers promoted lower root area and volume when compared to large polyethylene cone-tainers, but allowed for the same or better aboveground growth. Taking all results analyzed together, the polyethylene black bag promoted better growth and quality of Brazilian pine tree seedlings in comparison to the other containers.

scholarly journals Mycorrhiza Enhanced Protein and Lipid Contents of Potatoes Grown on Inceptisol with Addition of Organic Matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Anne Nurbaity ◽  
Glenn Christopher Uratel ◽  
Jajang Sauman Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

Enhancement of productivity of potato plants grown on poor-P soil such as Inceptisols due to application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been acknowledged. However, whether this AMF improved the quality of potato tubers is still need further investigation. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of AMF in enhancing potato quality and determine whether the addition of compost and biochar to soil can support the productivity of this biofertilizer in enhancing the nutrient content in the tubers of potato plant. Screen house experiment was set up in factorial design with treatments were organic matter types (compost and compost plus biochar), and application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (without and with AMF consisted of Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp.). Results of experiment showed that there was no interaction effect between organic matter and AMF on quality of potato tubers, however, the individual treatment especially AMF  increased the content of protein and lipid of potato tubers. Biochar that added to soil with compost was also increased the lipid content of potato tubers. This finding showed that AMF application in potato production grown in poor P-soil was not only increased the yield of potato, but also increased the quality of potato tubers.

scholarly journals Massal and Individual Electrical Conductivity Tests and its Relationships with the Physiological Quality of Sweet Sorghum Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Joner Silveira Dalcin ◽  
Caren Alessandra Müller ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Rodrigo Roso ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Rapid tests such as electrical conductivity provide fast and consistent results regarding stratification of seed lots by vigor. They are important tools used to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of several species, however, no such information was found for Sorghum bicolor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the physiological quality of the seeds by the mass and individual conductivity tests. Four plots of the Fepagro 19 cultivar were analyzed through the degree of moisture, weight of one thousand seeds, first count and germination, radicular and shoot length, dry mass, cold test and emergence of field seedlings. Subsequently, they were submitted to mass electrical conductivity experiments with variations in the imbibition time (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours), temperature (20, 25 and 30 ºC), number of seeds (25 and 50), volume of water (50 and 75 mL) and individual (2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours). The design was completely randomized and the data evaluated by the Tukey test. Only the lowest physiological quality batch was detected in the 20 °C, 75 mL and 25 seeds for 12 hours combinations; the individual test detected the least physiological quality batch, and it was possible to perform it in 24 hours.

scholarly journals Podzolisation affects the spatial allocation and chemical composition of soil organic matter fractions

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Agnes Krettek ◽  
Ludger Herrmann ◽  
Thilo Rennert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Allocation ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Som Decomposition

Podzols are soils that display a unique vertical distribution of soil organic matter (SOM). We hypothesise that podzolisation, as a pedogenetic process, influences or even controls content, allocation and quality of SOM. We determined soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) contents in six SOM fractions obtained from mineral horizons of five soils with increasing degree of podzolisation: sand and stable aggregates (S + A), particulate organic matter (POM) > 63 µm and <63 µm, silt and clay (s + c), resistant SOC and dissolved organic matter. We applied infrared spectroscopy to evaluate SOM decomposition state, relative abundance of functional groups and SOM-metal complexation. In topsoil horizons, relative SOC allocation shifted from the larger to the smaller size POM fraction with increasing podzolisation. Accompanied with size reduction, the POM < 63 µm fraction was progressively less decomposed, as derived from infrared spectroscopy and C:N ratios. In illuvial subsoils, the proportion of SOC in the S + A fraction increased with increasing podzolisation, implying SOM accumulation in aggregates and coatings on sand grains. Elevated abundance of carboxylate and aromatic C in the s + c fractions of subsoil horizons indicated their preferred sorption. Additionally, metal-carboxyl complexation increased during podzolisation.

scholarly journals Group fractional composition of humus of alluvial soils of floodplain of Western Bug River

2013 ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Yuriy Nakonechnyy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Bog Soils ◽  
Fractional Composition Of Humus

Fractionally-group composition of humus alluvial turf, meadow, meadow marsh and bog soils of floodplain of Western Bug River was characterized. The results of studies of quality of soil humus of floodplain of this river by Ukrainian and foreign researchers were analyzed. The main indicators of fractionally-group composition of humus soils were studied. Key words: alluvial soils, humus of soil, fractionally-group composition of humus, humic acids, fulvic acids.

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