scholarly journals Assessment of Decentralized Electricity Production from Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Olayinka Oyedepo ◽  
Theophilus Uwoghiren ◽  
Philip Olufemi Babalola ◽  
Stephen C. Nwanya ◽  
Oluwaseun Kilanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource

AbstractThis paper presents technical and economic assessment of a hybrid energy system for electricity generation in rural communities in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study was based on a 500 rural household model having an electric load of 493 kWh per day. To simulate long-term continuous implementation of the hybrid system, 21 years (1992 – 2012) hourly mean global solar radiation and wind speed data for the selected sites were used. The mean annual wind speed and solar radiation for the locations ranged from 2.31 m/s for Warri to 3.52 m/ s for Maiduguri and 4.53 kWh/m2 for Warri to 5.92 kWh/m2 for Maiduguri, respectively. These weather data were used for simulation with the Micro-power Optimization Model software HOMER. From the optimum results of the hybrid system,Warri has the highest NPC and COE of $2,441,222 and $0.721/kWh, respectively while Maiduguri has the least NPC and COE of $2,225,387 and $0.658/kWh, respectively for the 21 years project lifespan. The high value of COE for Warri is due to its low renewable energy resource while low COE for Maiduguri is due to its high renewable energy resource. The Northern part of the country has ample renewable energy resource availability and with a strong political will, optimal utilization of these renewable resources (solar and wind) can be actualized. Researchers, Industrialists, Policy Makers and the Nigerian government should therefore seize this opportunity in developing a sustainable energy through utilization of abundant renewable energy resources in the country.

scholarly journals GEOTHERMAL ENERGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA AND HYDROCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ITS EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrijana Stevanović ◽  
Boban Jolović
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Banja Luka

One of the most used renewable energy sources worldwide is geothermal energy. Itrepresents the heat, originated by natural processes happen in the Earth interior. The hot springsphenomena are the most frequent natural manifestation of geothermal activity.Geothermal potentiality of some area can be estimated based on geothermal gradient. Geothermalgradient is a conductive terrestrial parameter that represents the degree of increasing of the Earthtemperature vs. depth. It is usually expressed in ⁰C/m or ⁰C/km. Different areas have differentthermal gradients and thus different geothermal potential. Generally, higher geothermal gradientscorrespond to areas containing more geothermal energy.Geothermal characteristics of the territory of the Republic of Srpska are closely related to itscomplex geological setting. It is the reason why geothermal characteristics are different from areato area. Higher geothermal potentiality is recognised in the northern parts of the entity, in the firstorder in Semberija, Posavina and Banja Luka regions.The use of geothermal energy with different fluid temperatures can be considered throughthe Lindaldiagram, who firstly proposed acomprehensive scale with appropriate temperatures for differentuses. High temperature fluids are mostly used for electricity production and moderate and lowtemperature fluids for the direct use.Despite the fact that the territory of the Republic of Srpska hasfavourable geothermal properties, utilization of this kind of renewable energy resource isinadequate. Especially indicative are data about the use of geothermal energy by heat pumps (inbad sense) in comparison with praxis of developed countries.Chemical composition of thermal waters plays very important role and can be used in itsexploration stage, for analyses of possibility of its use and for prediction of exploitation effects, aswell. This kind of renewable energyresource, highly ecologically recommended, must be consideredmore seriously in the future in the Republic of Srpska. Furthermore, it must be put into the energystrategic documentsin appropriate manner.

scholarly journals The exploitation of western and southern deserts in Iraq for the production of solar energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zkear Abass ◽  
D. A. Pavlyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Solar Intensity ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Basic Features

<span>We have, an overview is presented of the potential future demands and possible supply of solar energy to Iraq. Solar energy, which is clean, unlimited, and environmentally friendly, is presented as a renewable energy resource. Many problems such as CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, industry, human activities, and electricity distribution grids have attracted much attention because of the current state of crude oil production and its prices. Moreover, estimations of solar radiation levels and of the efficiencies of photovoltaics (PVs), concentrated solar power (CSP), and solar chimney towers, have all been investigated. Those systems that combine various sources of energy are called hybrids and they have received much attention in recent decades. The basic features of solar radiation in Iraq are outlined, and the selection of those sites with potential for development of solar plants is based on the local largest solar radiation. Moreover, longitudinal and latitudinal orientation, wind, solar intensity, dust, temperature, rain, humidity, and pollution factors are all considered in the calculation of PV/CSP efficiencies. We know there is an abundance of fossil fuels in Iraq, energy shortages began in 1991 because of the perturbation caused by the full ruin of the country. The obvious renewable energy resource available in Iraq is the solar energy, and its exploitation would provide a means to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and to achieve self-sufficiency of electric energy and export the rest to neighboring countries. Solar energy is becoming increasingly important because of the climatic change in the form of global warming.</span>

Evaluation of the wind conditions for the acquisition of energy from renewable sources on the base of Sosnowiec city

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Sonia Sarapata
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
High Volatility

Abstract Inherent in the continuous development of civilization is a constant increase in demand for electricity. The result of this situation could be a threat to cover domestic demand for electricity generated from domestic sources. It is significant therefore, to increase the energy security of the country, as well as to generate a positive impact on the development and dynamics of social and economic processes which is carried by the development of renewable energy sources. A crucial argument for the need to implement new sustainable solutions is growing environmental degradation and pollution resulting from the acquisition and use of non-renewable energy resources. Renewable energy resource for interest of this analysis is the wind. A crucial feature of the wind is its high volatility. Wind speed is characterized by diurnal, seasonal and long-term variation. The study area is Sosnowiec city. The analysis covers the data from the period 2002 - 2011 obtained using a meteorological station located in the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Sosnowiec. Analyzed data are observations of wind speed measured at the height of 10m above the ground - average values of 10 minutes. The mean and maximum daily, monthly and annual values of wind speed have been calculated, and on their basis, a relevant analysis have been made. Average wind speed value for the analyzed area of the analyzed period (2002 - 2011) is 1,70m/s, while the maximum wind speed value is 3,78m/s. Sosnowiec is located in zone IV - unfavorable for the use of wind energy.

scholarly journals Rape methyl-esther as a renewable energy resource in transport

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Součková
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Multifunctional Agriculture ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Support Programme

The conception of the agricultural politicy of the Czech Republic is in accordance with the European model of agriculture, and one of this politicy pillars has been concentrated on the development of the multifunctional agriculture. In this contribution, several findings from the solution of the research project QF 4142 have been summarised in a synthetic form. It introduced financing and support programme of the rape methyl-esther (RME) and mixed fuel production. In the article, the availability and economic potential of the renewable energy sources till the year 2010 are shown primarily. The RME and the bio-diesel form an important part of the biomass in the Czech Republic. We describe in brief the RME characteristics in the year 1997&ndash;2004 in the following fields: production and support of the RME and mixed fuel. We have the capacity of the RME production 150&nbsp;000 t in the Czech Republic with the average costs 20 CZK/l RME. &nbsp;

Hybrid Neural Networks for Renewable Energy Forecasting

2021 ◽  
pp. 796-818
Author(s):  
Firuz Ahamed Nahid ◽  
Weerakorn Ongsakul ◽  
Nimal Madhu M. ◽  
Tanawat Laopaiboon
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Forecasting ◽  
Short Term Forecasting

One of the key applications of AI algorithms in power sector involves forecasting of stochastic renewable energy sources. To manage the generation of electricity from solar or wind effectively, accurate forecasting models are imperative. In order to achieve this goal, a sophisticated hybrid neural network formulation is discussed here in this chapter. long-short-term memory and recurrent neural networks combination is formulated for very short-term forecasting of wind speed and solar radiation. In intervals of 15 and 30 minutes, time series forecasts are made that are ahead by multiple steps. For maximum energy harvest, both point wise and probabilistic forecasting approaches are combined. Historic data is collected for solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity, and are used to train the model. The proposed model is compared with convolutional and LSTM neural network models individually in terms of RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and correlation, and is identified to have better forecasting accuracy.

scholarly journals Renewable energy projects in Croatia: Present situation and future activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Granic ◽  
Filip Prebeg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Energy Projects

Renewable energy sources should play an important role in the promotion of numerous Croatian energy goals. The development of a successful sector of renewable could in the long run contribute to energy efficiency improvement, diversification of production and supply safety, domestic production and lesser imports of energy sources and significant reduction of the environmental influences. Targets and strategy of the implementation for every renewable energy resource depends on the specifics of the particular one, with general trends in the European Union of renewable resource ratio increase in the energy balance.

scholarly journals Features of operation of photovoltaic plants as a supplementary source of electricity for non-traction consumers of railway electric mains

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Kachan Yu ◽  
Kuznetsov V
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Storage Batteries

Purpose. To determine the features of operation of photovoltaic stations as а supplementary source of electricity for non-traction consumers of railway power grids. The research methodology is based on modern methods of computational mathematics, statistics and information analysis using modern computer technology. Findings. The authors analyze the current prerequisites for the use of electricity obtained from non-traditional sources (photovoltaic stations) to supply non-traction consumers of railway power grids. The nature of the intensity of solar radiation was clarified due to meteorological observations for 2018, recorded using a SMIR pyranometer from KIRP & ZONEN, which is specially designed to record the flow of solar energy falling on a flat surface from the sun and sky in the wavelength range from 300 to 3000 nanometers (Nm), which has an intelligent interface, in the city of Vasylivka, Zaporizhia region with an interval of minutes. The total number of values was about 25,000. The data obtained are as follows: the lowest intensity of solar radiation during 2018 was 400 W / m2, and the highest - 1000 W / m2. The calculation of the choice of photovoltaic panels type PV-MLV 250 NS with a maximum power of 250 W for the completion of a specific photovoltaic station for installation in the specified region. The authors conclude that in order to provide reliable energy supply to non-traction consumers of railway power grids during the day from autonomous solar power plants, the latter must be provided with electricity (storage batteries) in quantities exceeding the required load by about 1.7 times. The originality is that the use of renewable energy sources in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers of railway transport, in particular photovoltaic installations, is proposed. Practical implications. Introduction of photovoltaic stations as a supplementary source of electricity for non-traction consumers of railway power grids in order to minimize electricity costs. Keywords: renewable energy sources, quality of electric energy, photovoltaic plant, power supply networks of railway transport, non-traction consumers of railway electric networks, electricity production, solar radiation intensity, storage batteries.

scholarly journals Linear correlation and regression between the meteorological data and the electricity demand of the Dubrovnik region in a short-term scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamarija Falkoni ◽  
Goran Krajacic
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Good Relation

Intermitted patterns of solar and wind generation cause insecurity in the power system supply since they depend on weather conditions. The aim of this work is to perform linear regression and correlation between solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature and electricity demand of the Dubrovnik region. Gained results could help in system energy planning with a high share of renewable energy sources in the electricity production. All of the data are collected for consecutive three year period, years 2012, 2013 and 2014, in the 10 minute time step. Results of the correlation of each of the parameters individually in between the years show slightly variations between the distributions, providing representative line-ar relation in between the years for all the data, except the wind speed data. Cor-relations are also done between all of the parameters for each year separately, based on the mean monthly values. Result showed good relation with negative correlation between solar radiation and wind speed, as well as good relation with positive correlation between solar radiation and electricity demand. The same correlations are done in the 10 minute time step and including time system delay. The results indicate significant decrease in correlation coefficient value and it is less possible that they can be pronounced with linear regression line. Calculations of the correlation and regression, based on the 10 minute time step for summer and winter period separately, gained slightly better results in relation between parameters than the ones including the whole year data.

Hybrid Neural Networks for Renewable Energy Forecasting

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-222
Author(s):  
Firuz Ahamed Nahid ◽  
Weerakorn Ongsakul ◽  
Nimal Madhu M. ◽  
Tanawat Laopaiboon
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Forecasting ◽  
Short Term Forecasting

One of the key applications of AI algorithms in power sector involves forecasting of stochastic renewable energy sources. To manage the generation of electricity from solar or wind effectively, accurate forecasting models are imperative. In order to achieve this goal, a sophisticated hybrid neural network formulation is discussed here in this chapter. long-short-term memory and recurrent neural networks combination is formulated for very short-term forecasting of wind speed and solar radiation. In intervals of 15 and 30 minutes, time series forecasts are made that are ahead by multiple steps. For maximum energy harvest, both point wise and probabilistic forecasting approaches are combined. Historic data is collected for solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity, and are used to train the model. The proposed model is compared with convolutional and LSTM neural network models individually in terms of RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and correlation, and is identified to have better forecasting accuracy.

scholarly journals Off-grid rural electrification using integrated renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fortune Chukwuebuka Amanze ◽  
Destiny Josiah Amanze
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Optimal System ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Battery Bank

Presented in this study is an economic and technical evaluation to determine the optimal system combination for off-grid power generation based on solar, wind and biodiesel renewable energy resource. Nsukka being endowed with high intensity solar radiation, adequate wind speed and sufficient bioresource is a prospective candidate for a hybrid system. The monthly average daily global radiation ranges from 3.91kWh/m2 to 5.74kWh/m2 and the average wind speed is about 2.64m/s. This system was designed to meet the load requirement of the school with annual electrical demand of 10,163 MWh. Sensitivity analysis was carried out based on the effect of change in biodiesel fuel price and interest rates on the economic performance criteria of the optimal configuration. The optimum hybrid system is composed of 1kW capacity PV system, auto sized biodiesel generator and battery bank of 820h of autonomy. The Levelized Cost of Energy from the optimal system was found to be $0.0898/kWh based on sensitivity results. These results obtained shows that an integrated system with combination of PV, biodiesel generator and battery bank is a cost-effective alternative to grid extension which cost $0.126/kWh. The system life span is for 25years and it is sustainable, economical, technically feasible and environmentally friendly.

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