scholarly journals Comparison of clinical and biochemical variables in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their first-degree relatives with metabolic syndrome in Benin City, Nigeria: A cross sectional case controlled study

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ogedengbe ◽  
IU Ezeani ◽  
E Aihanuwa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Benin City ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is also associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including hyper-tension and dyslipidemia. Although there are many studies that have studied the metabolic abnormalities in T2DM patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), only few of them have assessed the metabolic abnormalities in their first-degree relatives (FDRs) who had MetS. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and biochemical variables in T2DM subjects and their FDRs without diabetes in Benin City, Nigeria.Methods. This is a cross sectional case control study including 124 T2DM patients, 96 FDR of T2DM subjects, and 96 controls recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire-administered technique. Variables of interest that were assessed included anthropometric indices like waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist:hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), proteinuria, and microalbuminuria. The 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to make a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The Chi-square test was used for comparison of proportions. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. The student t-test was used to compare means and test for significant differences in the anthropometric and the metabolic indices.Results. The prevalence of the MetS in T2DM persons was 87.1%, 16.7% in the FDR group, and 13.5% in the control group according to the WHO criteria. The mean value of HbA1c was significantly higher in T2DM subjects with MetS (p<0.05). The mean values of WC, FPG, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were higher in subjects with MetS in the T2DM group than in persons with MetS in the FDR group though not significant (p>0.05). The mean values of WHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, and triglyceride were higher in persons with the MetS in the FDR group than in persons with the MetS in the T2DM group. The difference in the BMI and SBP was significant (p<0.05).Conclusion. The prevalence of MetS in subjects with T2DM in Nigeria is very high. Though, all the biochemical and clinical indices were higher in T2DM subjects with MetS, the mean HbA1c, BMI, and SBP was significantly higher when compared to their FDR who also have MetS.

scholarly journals A prospective study of complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of lower socioeconomic group with special reference to microvascular complication and metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
K. Satya Anand ◽  
Ruksana . ◽  
Anand Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Symptomatic Neuropathy

Background: All these metabolic derangements exist for many years in the asymptomatic phase of type 2 diabetes and they predispose to development of complications even before clinical diagnosis. Metabolic syndrome is considered to be a precursor of type 2 diabetes. Present study is primarily aimed to study the prevalence of micro vascular complications and metabolic syndrome in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of low socio-economic group.Methods: This is a cross sectional prospective study conducted in the dept. of general medicine Konaseema institute of medical science Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India from November 2016 to October 2018. Based on exclusion and inclusion criteria 103 patients were enrolled for this study. Various parameters like age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy was measured.Results: The mean age of the patient was 48±10.0 years. Fasting and 2 hours OGTT was 174.6±46.8 mg/dl and 255.6±75.6 mg/dl. The mean of total cholesterol was 204.7±41.9 (mg/dl), Triglycerides was 218±83.4 (mg/dl) and HDL was 44±5.3 (mg/dl). Symptomatic neuropathy constituted 35.6% in 51-60 age group and 27.1% in 31-40 and 41-50 age groups. Objective neuropathy constituted highest (36.6%) in 51-60 age group. Retinopathy constituted highest (60%) in 51-60 age group and nephropathy constituted 26.3 % in 21-30 and 51-60 age groups.Conclusions: Prevalence of microvascular complications in newly diagnosed diabetics of low socioeconomic group were as follows: symptomatic neuropathy-57.3%, objective neuropathy-39.8%, retinopathy-4.9%, nephropathy-18.4%. These were similar to published studies from general population from the same geographical area.

scholarly journals Magnitude of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel ◽  
Kalayou Kidanu Berhe ◽  
Desta Siyoum Belay ◽  
Berihu Hailu Kidanu ◽  
Assefa Iyasu Negash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess magnitude of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A hospital based cross sectional study design was used. Binary logistic regression model was used. Result A total of 419 respondents (208 males and 211 females) were enrolled; the mean age was 56.39 (SD 10.18), 51.1% of the respondents had metabolic syndrome according to international diabetes federation. Sex and age were statistically associated with metabolic syndrome with [AOR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.057, 3.533) and 1.04 (1.012, 1.072)] respectively. Regular physical exercise, overweight and obesity were statistically associated with metabolic syndrome with [AOR (95% CI) 1.84 (1.002, 3.362), 2.68 (1.518, 4.747) and 3.55 (1.254, 10.074)] respectively. To conclude, Magnitude of metabolic syndrome was high. The associated factors for metabolic syndrome are physical inactivity, inadequate intake of fruits, family history, overweight, and obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Cláudio Garcia Lira Neto ◽  
Mayra de Almeida Xavier ◽  
José Wicto Pereira Borges ◽  
Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo ◽  
Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in a population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 diabetic patients. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests ( p <0.05) were performed. Results: the majority of participants were females and overweight, with a mean age of 63.1 years and a low level of education, and categorized as physically inactive. Of all individuals investigated, 50.7% were diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome and 92% had at least one of the syndrome components with values beyond those recommended. Conclusion: it is essential to take preventive actions and develop studies that help to identify the factors associated with this syndrome.

scholarly journals Glucometers for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are they helpful?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas ◽  
Mohan T. Shenoy ◽  
K.T. Shenoy ◽  
Nirmal George
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin Level

Background: The effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is debated in the literature. We aimed at elucidating the association and patterns of complications between SMBG use and plasma glucose values. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 303 participants from outpatient departments with T2DM for over 12 months. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical variables including: anthropometry, SMBG use, disease duration, treatment modality, complications, plasma glucose level, and glycated hemoglobin level (%). Results: The mean duration of T2DM was 93±76 months. Participants were grouped into SMBG users (n=115, 38%) and non-SMBG users (n=188, 62%). The mean fasting plasma glucose levels of SMBG and non-SMBG users were 140.7±42.7 (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 132.72;148.67) mg/dl and 145.4±50 (95%CI: 138.12;152.67) mg/dl (p=0.03), respectively. The mean post-prandial plasma glucose levels of the SMBG and non-SMBG groups were 202±63.42 (95%CI: 190.23;213.76) mg/dl and 209±84.54 (95%CI: 196.56;221.43) mg/dl (p=0.002), respectively. The mean difference in HbA1c among the groups were 8.14±1.69% (95%CI: 7.59;8.68) and 8.15±1.98% (95%CI: 7.27;9.02) (p=0.4), respectively. Hypoglycemia (n=50, 43.5%) was the most common complication. The prevalence of neuropathy (n=5, 4.3%, p=0.036) and cardiovascular disease (n=21, 18.3%, p=0.042) were significantly higher in the SMBG group. Conclusion: Although plasma glucose values were significantly lower in the SMBG group, its clinical significance remains questionable. Furthermore, many participants in both the groups had shortfalls in awareness, monitoring, and glycemic control. SMBG use needs to be evaluated in a cohort of patients with T2DM with adequate health awareness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Therapeutic Approach and Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management Strategies in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lukong Marie Chantal Suinyuy ◽  
Tembe Estella Fokunang ◽  
Dehayen Mesmin ◽  
Ngo Valery Ngo ◽  
Charles Ntungwen Fokunang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Intensification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Inertia ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic syndrome that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, and can lead to chronic long-term complications. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Cameroon has been reported at 5.9% in 2017. Studies conducted in 2011, showed that only 41% of patients had a good glycaemic control which was, HbA1c < 6.5. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the treatment intensification with time in T2DM patients in the Yaoundé diabetic Centre in Cameroon. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analytical study. In a group of T2DM patients followed up at the National Obesity Centre (NOC) with poorly controlled blood sugar (HbA1c ≥ 7%). The treatment intensification and outcome were evaluated between the periods January 2016 to April 2018. The data was collected from patients’ medical booklet and through a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: One hundred and eleven patients (31 males, 27.9% and 80 females, 72.1%) were recruited. The mean age was between 59 ± 10 years and the mean duration of diabetes 8.6 ± 7.0 years. The patients’ treatment consisted: 1) oral anti-diabetic (OAD) agents, monotherapy (24.3%), bitherapy (28.8%), tritherapy 2.7%, 2) insulin only, 19.8% and 3) insulin mixture, 24.3%. The mean baseline HbA1c was 9.3 ± 2.0%. Within the given follow-up time of 16 [11-21] months, only 40 out of the 111 patients had their treatment intensified and 71 had no intensification (therapeutic inertia) despite poor HbA1c levels. Among the 40 with intensification, 5 had immediate intensification and the proportions according to intensification delay ≤3 months, 3-6 months, 6-12 months and >12 months . Conclusion:     Therapeutic inertia affected two third of our population. Despite the high level of inertia, both patients with intensified treatment and non-intensified treatment reached treatment targets.

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