Kinetics of suspended emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile with itaconic acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Yu ◽  
Hou Chen ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Hengli Cui ◽  
Wenying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractAcrylonitrile(AN) was successfully used to copolymerize with itaconic acid (IA) by suspension emulsion polymerization at 70 ˚C under N2 atmosphere for the first time. Porous AN/IA copolymers were prepared by using potassium peroxydisulphate (KPS) as initiator, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as dispersant and Span60 as emulsifier. Kinetics of suspension emulsion copolymerization of AN with IA were studied. Effects of various mass ratios of water/monomer, initiator concentrations, emulsifier concentrations and dispersant concentrations on AN/IA copolymerization rate and changes of particle size and size distribution with the extension of polymerization time were investigated. It was found that the copolymerization rate increased with water/monomer mass ratio and KPS concentration. Span60 concentration and PVA concentration had no obvious effect on the polymerization rate. Finally, a suspension emulsion polymerization mechanism for AN and IA was proposed.

scholarly journals Emulsion Copolymerization of Polyangelicalactone with Styrene

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin L. Kaygorodov ◽  
Valery E. Tarabanko ◽  
Marina A. Smirnova ◽  
Nikolay V. Tarabanko ◽  
Yuri N. Malyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene ◽  
First Time

For the first time emulsion polymerization of polyangelicalactone with styrene was carried out. Block copolymers with a molecular weight of 40000-1000000 and containing 5-40 wt. % of styrene were prepared. Polymerization rate constants were evaluated. Mechanical properties were evaluated after the copolymers were cured. The cured block copolymers satisfy the basic requirements for high impact polystyrene, and they are biodegradable

Kinetics of Inverse Emulsion Copolymerization of Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride and Acrylamide

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Na Wang ◽  
Ren Zhi Zhang ◽  
Ni Sha Jin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Inverse Emulsion ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Kinetics Of

Inverse emulsion copolymerization of DMDAAC with AM has been investigated by the dilatometer technique using the mixture of Span-80 and Tween-80 as the composite emulsifier and 2,2’-azobis (2-methylpropionconidine) dihydro chloride as the initiator. In inverse emulsion copolymerization, the influences of the concentrations of monomers, emulsifier and initiator and initial temperature on polymerization rate and the intrinsic viscosity of polymer have been examined. Its kinetics can be expressed as,. The overall activation energy for the rate of polymerization was determined with a dilatometer as 20.33 kJ/mol over the temperature range 35-55°C.

scholarly journals Synthesis Kinetics of Polymer / Copolymer Latexes via Radical Ring-Opening Emulsion Polymerization of Vinylcyclopropane

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472
Author(s):  
P. Sarker ◽  
J. R. Ebdon ◽  
S. Rimmer ◽  
M. A. J. Miah ◽  
H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Radical Ring ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Copolymerization Kinetics

Radical emulsion polymerization of 1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane (ECVCP) was examined in the presence of potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. ECVCP underwent both emulsifier-in emulsion and emulsifier-free emulsion polymerizations to afford the ring-opened polymer in good yields. The copolymerization efficiency of this monomer was also evaluated with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) as comonomers under the same reaction conditions. The emulsion copolymerization of ECVCP with a relatively hydrophobic monomer, lauryl methacrylate (LMA) was also investigated in presence of ?-cyclodextrin hydrate (?-CD) as a phase transfer agent. Polymerization/copolymerization kinetics, change in particle size and olefin contents were followed during the reaction.

Synthesis and Polymerization Kinetics of Copolymer Styrene-Vinyltrimethoxysilane by Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1537-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chi Zhao ◽  
Ling Ling Gao ◽  
Shan Shan Gao ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Functional Monomer ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Polymerization System ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetic Features

Copolymers of styrene (St) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) have been synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. Acrylic acid used as functional monomer was also added into the emulsion. The effects of varying the concentrations of initiator and VTMS as well as the polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion and rate were investigated in detail. The copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Copolymerization of VTMS with St was confirmed by the appearance of an absorption peak between 1000 cm-1 to 1200 cm-1 (due to Si-O-C bonds) in the IR spectrum. The siloxane segments in the copolymer chain underwent hydrolysis and self-condensation, resulting in a change in the structure of the copolymers from linear into a cross-linked network. As a result, the organic and inorganic hybrid materials were formed. The polymerization rate increased with increasing polymerization temperature, molar concentration of initiator and decreased with increasing molar concentration of VTMS. The apparent activation energy and kinetic features of the polymerization system were also obtained.

Zeolites Fit For A Crown: Probing Host-Guest Interactions with Thermogravimetric Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asel Sartbaeva ◽  
Paul R. Raithby ◽  
Remi Castaing ◽  
Antony Nearchou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Through a combination of thermogravimetry, mass spectrometry and differential thermal analysis, we demonstrate for the first time that all four zeolites show experimental differences in their host-guest interactions with 18C6. In addition, we have estimated the kinetics of 18C6 decomposition, which is a technique that has not been applied to zeolites previously. Using these findings as a toolkit, a more rational use of OSDAs can be utilised to prepare designer zeolites. Furthermore, the new methodologies presented herein can be applied to current zeolites, such as MFI-type zeolites used in the petrochemical industry.

The effect of electrondonors on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338-3346
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kašpar ◽  
Jiří Trekoval
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of small additions of 1-octene, butyl ethyl ether and triethylamine on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) in benzene initiated with butyllithium was investigated by employing the GLC analysis. The addition of 1-octane was reflected only in a shorter induction period of the reaction; the effect on the propagation rate was insignificant. With the increasing amount of butyl ethyl ether, the polymerization rate increases linearly, while the reaction order with respect to the concentration of triethylamine is variable and increases from 0.33 to 0.66 with the increasing concentration of the initiator. For a constant concentration of triethylamine, the reaction order with respect to the initial concentration of the initiator was found to vary considerably, reaching even negative values. A reaction scheme was suggested, taking into account the competition between two different solvates of alkyllithium.

scholarly journals Rapid systemic surge of IL-33 after severe human trauma: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Sundnes ◽  
William Ottestad ◽  
Camilla Schjalm ◽  
Peter Lundbäck ◽  
Lars la Cour Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Decoy Receptor ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Alarmins are considered proximal mediators of the immune response after tissue injury. Understanding their biology could pave the way for development of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in human disease, including multiple trauma. In this study we explored high-resolution concentration kinetics of the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) early after human trauma. Methods Plasma samples were serially collected from 136 trauma patients immediately after hospital admission, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h thereafter, and every morning in the ICU. Levels of IL-33 and its decoy receptor sST2 were measured by immunoassays. Results We observed a rapid and transient surge of IL-33 in a subset of critically injured patients. These patients had more widespread tissue injuries and a greater degree of early coagulopathy. IL-33 half-life (t1/2) was 1.4 h (95% CI 1.2–1.6). sST2 displayed a distinctly different pattern with low initial levels but massive increase at later time points. Conclusions We describe for the first time early high-resolution IL-33 concentration kinetics in individual patients after trauma and correlate systemic IL-33 release to clinical data. These findings provide insight into a potentially important axis of danger signaling in humans.

The kinetics of the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in catechol

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Haleem ◽  
MA Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
First Order ◽  
Absolute Reaction Rate ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Absolute Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rate Equation

Kinetic data are reported for the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in resorcinol and catechol for the first time. The reaction is first order. The observation supports the view that the decomposition proceeds through an intermediate complex mechanism. The parameters of the absolute reaction rate equation are calculated.

The spliceosome assembly pathway in mammalian extracts

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4279-4287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S F Jamison ◽  
A Crow ◽  
M A Garcia-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Spliceosome Assembly ◽  
Protein Factor ◽  
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein ◽  
U2 Snrnp ◽  
U1 Snrnp ◽  
U2 Auxiliary Factor ◽  
Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein ◽  
Auxiliary Factor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

A mammalian splicing commitment complex was functionally defined by using a template commitment assay. This complex was partially purified and shown to be a required intermediate for complex A formation. The productive formation of this commitment complex required both splice sites and the polypyrimidine tract. U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) was the only spliceosomal U snRNP required for this formation. A protein factor, very likely U2AF, is probably involved in the formation of the splicing commitment complex. From the kinetics of appearance of complex A and complex B, it was previously postulated that complex A represents a functional intermediate in spliceosome assembly. Complex A was partially purified and shown to be a required intermediate for complex B (spliceosome) formation. Thus, a spliceosome pathway is for the first time supported by direct biochemical evidence: RNA+U1 snRNP+?U2 auxiliary factor+?Y----CC+U2 snRNP+Z----A+U4/6,5 snRNPs+ beta----B.

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