Kinetics of Inverse Emulsion Copolymerization of Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride and Acrylamide

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Na Wang ◽  
Ren Zhi Zhang ◽  
Ni Sha Jin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Inverse Emulsion ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Kinetics Of

Inverse emulsion copolymerization of DMDAAC with AM has been investigated by the dilatometer technique using the mixture of Span-80 and Tween-80 as the composite emulsifier and 2,2’-azobis (2-methylpropionconidine) dihydro chloride as the initiator. In inverse emulsion copolymerization, the influences of the concentrations of monomers, emulsifier and initiator and initial temperature on polymerization rate and the intrinsic viscosity of polymer have been examined. Its kinetics can be expressed as,. The overall activation energy for the rate of polymerization was determined with a dilatometer as 20.33 kJ/mol over the temperature range 35-55°C.

Photo Polymerization of Thiol-Hyperbranched Polysilazanes

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Le Song ◽  
Peng Wei Hao ◽  
Chao Qiang Ye ◽  
Li Xin Chen ◽  
Wei Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Photo Polymerization ◽  
Autocatalytic Model ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Double Bond Conversion ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of UV curable thiol-hyperbranched polysilazanes (HBP) was studied by differential photo-scanning calorimeter (DPC) technology. The effects of photo initiator concentration [I], light intensity I0and temperature on the UV curing rate and the final unsaturated double bond conversion of thiol-HBP were investigated. The results indicate that the dependence of polymerization rate Rp on [I] and I0, respectively, was found to fit with theoretical predictions very well at [I] no more than 0.50wt% and I0lower than 19.40mW/cm2. The kinetic parameters were calculated by autocatalytic model, and correspondingly, the total apparent reaction exponent and apparent activation energy are 8.76 and 13.97kJ/mol, respectively.

Kinetics of Impinging Streams Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1402-1405
Author(s):  
Qing Chun Fan ◽  
Tian Wu ◽  
Guang Wei He ◽  
Fei Hong Duan
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Apparent Activation Energy ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Potassium Persulfate ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study is focused on the effects of the amount of initiator (potassium persulfate, KPS), monomer (styrene, St), emulsifiers, and temperature on the rate of polymerization. The experiment results show that the rate of polymerization is: Rp=K[KPS]1.374[St]1.479[S]0.875, and the apparent activation energy of polymerization is 94.64 kJ/mol.

scholarly journals Self-Initiated Butyl Acrylate Polymerizations in Bulk and in Solution Monitored By In-Line Techniques

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Jonas Mätzig ◽  
Marco Drache ◽  
Sabine Beuermann
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Initial Monomer Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Initial Monomer ◽  
Kinetics Of

High-temperature acrylate polymerizations are technically relevant, but yet not fully understood. In particular the mechanism and the kinetics of the thermal self-initiation is a topic of current research. To obtain more detailed information the conversion dependence of the polymerization rate, rbr, is determined via in-line DSC and FT-NIR spectroscopy for reactions in bulk and in solution at temperatures ranging from 80 to 160 °C. Solution polymerizations revealed that dioxane is associated with the highest rbr, while aromatic solvents result in the lowest values of rbr. Interestingly, rbr for polymerizations in solution with dioxane depends on the actual monomer concentration at a given time in the system, but is not depending on the initial monomer concentration. The overall rate of polymerization in bulk and in solution is well represented by an equation with three or four parameters, respectively, being estimated by multiple linear regression and the temperature as additional parameter.

Kinetics of suspended emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile with itaconic acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Yu ◽  
Hou Chen ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Hengli Cui ◽  
Wenying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractAcrylonitrile(AN) was successfully used to copolymerize with itaconic acid (IA) by suspension emulsion polymerization at 70 ˚C under N2 atmosphere for the first time. Porous AN/IA copolymers were prepared by using potassium peroxydisulphate (KPS) as initiator, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as dispersant and Span60 as emulsifier. Kinetics of suspension emulsion copolymerization of AN with IA were studied. Effects of various mass ratios of water/monomer, initiator concentrations, emulsifier concentrations and dispersant concentrations on AN/IA copolymerization rate and changes of particle size and size distribution with the extension of polymerization time were investigated. It was found that the copolymerization rate increased with water/monomer mass ratio and KPS concentration. Span60 concentration and PVA concentration had no obvious effect on the polymerization rate. Finally, a suspension emulsion polymerization mechanism for AN and IA was proposed.

Kinetics of Alkyllithium Initiated Polymerizations

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Hsieh ◽  
W. H. Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Organolithium Compounds ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The kinetics of alkyllithium initiated polymerizations is reviewed for publication in Rubber Reviews for 1970. It contains nine sections: introduction, the structure of organolithium compounds, rate of polymerization, rate of propagation, rate of initiation, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, polymerization of diene and vinyl monomers in polar solvents, copolymerizations, and polymerizations of polar monomers. A total of 205 references are cited.

Synthesis and Polymerization Kinetics of Copolymer Styrene-Vinyltrimethoxysilane by Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1537-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chi Zhao ◽  
Ling Ling Gao ◽  
Shan Shan Gao ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Functional Monomer ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Polymerization System ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetic Features

Copolymers of styrene (St) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) have been synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. Acrylic acid used as functional monomer was also added into the emulsion. The effects of varying the concentrations of initiator and VTMS as well as the polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion and rate were investigated in detail. The copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Copolymerization of VTMS with St was confirmed by the appearance of an absorption peak between 1000 cm-1 to 1200 cm-1 (due to Si-O-C bonds) in the IR spectrum. The siloxane segments in the copolymer chain underwent hydrolysis and self-condensation, resulting in a change in the structure of the copolymers from linear into a cross-linked network. As a result, the organic and inorganic hybrid materials were formed. The polymerization rate increased with increasing polymerization temperature, molar concentration of initiator and decreased with increasing molar concentration of VTMS. The apparent activation energy and kinetic features of the polymerization system were also obtained.

scholarly journals On the inverse miniemulsion copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide, N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) and methacrylic acid

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Capek
Keyword(s):  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Continuous Medium ◽  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Microemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe kinetics of free-radical copolymerization and terpolymerization of acrylamide (AAm), N, N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) and methacrylic acid (MA) in the inverse water/monomer/cyclohexane/Tween 85 miniemulsion was investigated. Polymerizable sterically-stable miniemulsions were formulated in cyclohexane as a continuous medium. Polymerizations are very fast and reach the final conversion within several minutes. The dependence of the polymerization rate vs. conversion is described by a curve with two nonstationary rate intervals. The maximum rate of polymerization slightly increases with increasing concentration of crosslinking monomer (MBA) and strongly decreases by the addition of MA. The rate of polymerization is inversely proportional to the 0.9th and 1.8th power of the particle concentration without and with MA, respectively. The number of polymer particles is inversely proportional to the 0.18th and 0.13th power of MBA concentration. The kinetic and colloidal parameters of the miniemulsion polymerization are discussed in terms of microemulsion polymerization model.

The effect of electrondonors on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338-3346
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kašpar ◽  
Jiří Trekoval
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of small additions of 1-octene, butyl ethyl ether and triethylamine on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) in benzene initiated with butyllithium was investigated by employing the GLC analysis. The addition of 1-octane was reflected only in a shorter induction period of the reaction; the effect on the propagation rate was insignificant. With the increasing amount of butyl ethyl ether, the polymerization rate increases linearly, while the reaction order with respect to the concentration of triethylamine is variable and increases from 0.33 to 0.66 with the increasing concentration of the initiator. For a constant concentration of triethylamine, the reaction order with respect to the initial concentration of the initiator was found to vary considerably, reaching even negative values. A reaction scheme was suggested, taking into account the competition between two different solvates of alkyllithium.

Effect of ionizing radiation on the kinetics of hydrogenation on the Ni-MgO mixed catalyst

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1780-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav Kudláček ◽  
Jan Lokoč
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Hydrogenation Rate ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Mixed Catalyst ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of gamma pre-irradiation of the mixed nickel-magnesium oxide catalyst on the kinetics of hydrogenation of maleic acid in the liquid phase has been studied. The changes of the hydrogenation rate are compared with the changes of the adsorbed amount of the acid and with the changes of the solution composition, activation energy, and absorbed dose of the ionizing radiation. From this comparison and from the interpretation of the experimental data it can be deduced that two types of centers can be distinguished on the surface of the catalyst under study, namely the sorption centres for the acid and hydrogen and the reaction centres.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document