Synthesis and Polymerization Kinetics of Copolymer Styrene-Vinyltrimethoxysilane by Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1537-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chi Zhao ◽  
Ling Ling Gao ◽  
Shan Shan Gao ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Functional Monomer ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Polymerization System ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetic Features

Copolymers of styrene (St) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) have been synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. Acrylic acid used as functional monomer was also added into the emulsion. The effects of varying the concentrations of initiator and VTMS as well as the polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion and rate were investigated in detail. The copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Copolymerization of VTMS with St was confirmed by the appearance of an absorption peak between 1000 cm-1 to 1200 cm-1 (due to Si-O-C bonds) in the IR spectrum. The siloxane segments in the copolymer chain underwent hydrolysis and self-condensation, resulting in a change in the structure of the copolymers from linear into a cross-linked network. As a result, the organic and inorganic hybrid materials were formed. The polymerization rate increased with increasing polymerization temperature, molar concentration of initiator and decreased with increasing molar concentration of VTMS. The apparent activation energy and kinetic features of the polymerization system were also obtained.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Styrene/n-Butyl Acrylate/Vinyltrimethoxysilane) by Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1551-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chi Zhao ◽  
Ling Ling Gao ◽  
Qian Feng Li ◽  
Juan Li Guo
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Polymerization System ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer

Copolymers of styrene (St), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) have been synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. Acrylic acid used as functional monomer was also added into the emulsion polymerization system. The effects of varying the concentrations of initiator and VTMS as well as the polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion were investigated in detail. The copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Copolymerization of VTMS with St and BA was confirmed by the appearance of an absorption peak between 1000 cm-1 to 1200 cm-1 (due to Si-O-C bonds) in the IR spectrum. The siloxane segments in the copolymer chain underwent hydrolysis and self-condensation, resulting in a change in the structure of the copolymers from linear into a cross-linked network. As a result, the organic and inorganic hybrid material was formed. The water absorption of emulsion decreased with increasing VTMS concentration. The polymerization conversion increased with increasing polymerization temperature, molar concentration of initiator and decreased with increasing molar concentration of VTMS.

Kinetics of Inverse Emulsion Copolymerization of Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride and Acrylamide

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Na Wang ◽  
Ren Zhi Zhang ◽  
Ni Sha Jin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
Inverse Emulsion ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Kinetics Of

Inverse emulsion copolymerization of DMDAAC with AM has been investigated by the dilatometer technique using the mixture of Span-80 and Tween-80 as the composite emulsifier and 2,2’-azobis (2-methylpropionconidine) dihydro chloride as the initiator. In inverse emulsion copolymerization, the influences of the concentrations of monomers, emulsifier and initiator and initial temperature on polymerization rate and the intrinsic viscosity of polymer have been examined. Its kinetics can be expressed as,. The overall activation energy for the rate of polymerization was determined with a dilatometer as 20.33 kJ/mol over the temperature range 35-55°C.

Kinetics of suspended emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile with itaconic acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Yu ◽  
Hou Chen ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Hengli Cui ◽  
Wenying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractAcrylonitrile(AN) was successfully used to copolymerize with itaconic acid (IA) by suspension emulsion polymerization at 70 ˚C under N2 atmosphere for the first time. Porous AN/IA copolymers were prepared by using potassium peroxydisulphate (KPS) as initiator, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as dispersant and Span60 as emulsifier. Kinetics of suspension emulsion copolymerization of AN with IA were studied. Effects of various mass ratios of water/monomer, initiator concentrations, emulsifier concentrations and dispersant concentrations on AN/IA copolymerization rate and changes of particle size and size distribution with the extension of polymerization time were investigated. It was found that the copolymerization rate increased with water/monomer mass ratio and KPS concentration. Span60 concentration and PVA concentration had no obvious effect on the polymerization rate. Finally, a suspension emulsion polymerization mechanism for AN and IA was proposed.

Kinetic Study on Photopolymerization of TPGDA under Containerless Condition

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 828-832
Author(s):  
He Peng Zhang ◽  
Qiu Yu Zhang ◽  
Jin Bo Dou ◽  
Shu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Acoustic Levitation ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
Final Conversion ◽  
Polymerization System ◽  
Kinetics Of

The TPGDA drop was suspended in the atmosphere under acoustic levitation and induced by photoinitiation for polymer preparation at the first attempt. The kinetics of TPGDA photopolymerization induced by the UV light under containerless condition was studied. Compared to the normal condition, the average initial polymerization rate of TPGDA under acoustic levitation is relatively lower, while the final conversion is higher. Relative to oxygen inhibition, container effect plays a more significant role on the conversion in this polymerization system.

The effect of electrondonors on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338-3346
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kašpar ◽  
Jiří Trekoval
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Constant Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

The effect of small additions of 1-octene, butyl ethyl ether and triethylamine on the polymerization kinetics of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) in benzene initiated with butyllithium was investigated by employing the GLC analysis. The addition of 1-octane was reflected only in a shorter induction period of the reaction; the effect on the propagation rate was insignificant. With the increasing amount of butyl ethyl ether, the polymerization rate increases linearly, while the reaction order with respect to the concentration of triethylamine is variable and increases from 0.33 to 0.66 with the increasing concentration of the initiator. For a constant concentration of triethylamine, the reaction order with respect to the initial concentration of the initiator was found to vary considerably, reaching even negative values. A reaction scheme was suggested, taking into account the competition between two different solvates of alkyllithium.

Preparation of Highly Conductive Polyaniline in Carbamide Aqueous Solution Using SnCl4 as Initiator

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2205-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Nan Lin ◽  
Qun Yu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Gui Bao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymerization System ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Conductive Polyaniline ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In this paper, we demonstrated a novel method for the preparation of highly conductive polyaniline (PANI) compounded with Sn(OH)4. We obtained the PANI directly in the oxidation polymerization system via simultaneous reaction of aniline (using ammonium persulfate, APS as oxidant) and SnCl4 in carbamide aqueous solution. The resulting PANI was compounded with Sn(OH)4 had been characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope and conductivity measurements, and the results showed that PANI was in well doped state due to the hydrolysis of APS and the complex between PANI and Sn(OH)4. We are sure this alkali-guided polymerization to obtain conductive PANI will lead to the preparation of a new class of PANI composites.

scholarly journals Study on MMA and BA Emulsion Copolymerization Using 2,4-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene as the Irreversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Agent

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Zuxin Zhang ◽  
Daihui Zhang ◽  
Gaowei Fu ◽  
Chunpeng Wang ◽  
Fuxiang Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Chain Transfer Agent ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Emulsion Copolymerization

As a chain transfer agent, 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene (αMSD) was first introduced in the emulsion binary copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) based on an irreversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) mechanism. The effects of αMSD on molecular weight and its distribution, the degree of polymerization, polymerization rate, monomer conversion, particle size, and tensile properties of the formed latexes were systematically investigated. Its potential chain transfer mechanism was also explored according to the 1H NMR analysis. The results showed that the increase in the content of αMSD could lead to a decline in molecular weight, its distribution, and the degree of polymerization. The mass percentage of MMA in the synthesized polymers was also improved as the amounts of αMSD increased. The chain transfer coefficients of αMSD for MMA and BA were 0.62 and 0.47, respectively. The regulation mechanism of αMSD in the emulsion polymerization of acrylates was found to be consistent with Yasummasa’s theory. Additionally, monomer conversion decreased greatly to 47.3% when the concentration of αMSD was higher than 1 wt% due to the extremely low polymerization rate. Moreover, the polymerization rate was also decreased probably due to the desorption and lower reactivity of the regenerative radicals from αMSD. Finally, the tensile properties of the resulting polyacrylate films were significantly affected due to the presence of αMSD.

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