scholarly journals The Impact Of Shopping Centers In Rural Areas And Small Towns In The Outer Metropolitan Zone (The Example Of The Silesian Voivodeship)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystian Heffner ◽  
Małgorzata Twardzik
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Shopping centers in the Silesian Voivodeship have a significant impact on smaller settlement units located in outer areas of agglomerations. It consists mainly in changes related to social, economic, as well as functional and spatial spheres. Studies shows that shopping centers take over more and more functions of higher order (services, public culture, administration) and restrict the economic activity in rural areas outer areas of agglomerations. At the stage of the irrepressible process of suburbanisation of rural areas surrounding large urban agglomerations and structural changes in towns, it is difficult to conclusively assess the consequences of the operation of shopping centers in outer metropolitan areas. The impact of shopping centers on small towns and rural areas is a very dynamic process and requires systematic research.

Status, Impact, and Factor Determining Rural Non-farm Economy of India: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Impact

The rural non-farm sector (RNFS) involves a spectrum of economic activity in rural areas and encompasses all rural productive entities other than farm holdings. It has the potential to play a pivotal role in holistic and inclusive development of India’s rural areas by increasing the employment and wages of rural labour, which can reduce income inequalities. The review was carried out in order to explain the present status of RNFE state wise as well as overall to get a comprehensive view on the topic. The review study also focuses to disaggregate RNFE on the basis of gender, size of landholding and castes. Literature depicting the impact of RNFE on rural livelihoods especially in employment and poverty and factors determining it also been compiled to get an overall idea on the study.

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 on creative industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Yulia O. Glushkova ◽  
◽  
Anastasia V. Vasina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. This study analyzes the impact of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection on the creative industries in the Russian Federation, as well as finding solutions to support this area in the context of the pandemic. Theoretical analysis. Since the latest imperatives of the current world processes dictate the need for structural changes in the state economic activity, the actual principle of the economic activity organization can be called the creative industries concept development, which include industries related to the creation of a certain cultural or creative product, IT-sphere, fashion and design, advertising and marketing products, as well as folk art and craft. Due to the relevance of the creative industries development, modern research on the theory of creative economy development pays great attention to the study of the specifics of this activity and ways to improve it. The article provides a theoretical analysis of the crisis in the creative industries, as well as a detailed analysis of the opportunities and threats of the crisis. Empirical analysis. Based on the analysis of the activities of companies in the creative industries, the authors of the article identify opportunities for the development of companies in the creative sphere in terms of economic and social efficiency. New trends in the transformation of business processes in various fields (theatre, film industry, music, exhibition and Museum activities) are considered. Results. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the urgent tasks in the situation of forced quarantine measures are the timely transformation of creative industries with the use of information technologies, the transition to online areas of interaction with consumers, as well as state support for creative industries most affected by the crisis.

scholarly journals The Ways to Optimize Costs of Enterprise on the Example of PJSC «Ukrainian Railways»

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (514) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
I. V. Nagorna ◽  
◽  
Y. Y. Halkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Impact

The article is aimed at finding ways to optimize costs at the production subdivision «Operational wagon depot Kupyansk» of the Regional division «Southern Railway» of the Private Joint Stock Company «Ukrainian Railways» on the basis of the performed analysis of the composition and structure of costs, profitability, the impact of the amount of costs on performance indicators, the level of costs per 1 UAH of the consummated services, and operational analysis. The views of scholars on the term «costs» are explored. It is defined that cost management is quite a complex and important process in the course of carrying out economic activity along with determining the quality of further results of enterprise. The main methodological bases of cost management, economic condition of the enterprise are researched. Optimization measures for further development of the enterprise are proposed, which will allow to use its resources more efficiently, to achieve an increase sales and maximize profits. The authors provide recommendations on managing the enterprise costs in order to stimulate the growth of competitiveness. The focus is placed on the mechanism of minimizing the costs of the enterprise in the total amount of net income, because efficient use of costs can not be carried out without structural changes in the sphere of their management. It is identified that cost management is an interconnected complex of works, which forms and influences the behavior of costs during economic activity, as well as is aimed at achieving the optimal level of costs. The proposed measures as to optimizing costs can be used by directors and managers of the enterprise to make informed decisions on the prospective development of the enterprise.

scholarly journals Impact of rurality on processes and outcomes in melanoma care: results from a whole-Scotland melanoma cohort in primary and secondary care

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (673) ◽  
pp. e566-e575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Murchie ◽  
Rosalind Adam ◽  
Wei L Khor ◽  
Edwin A Raja ◽  
Lisa Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThose living in rural areas have poorer cancer outcomes, but current evidence on how rurality impacts melanoma care and survival is contradictory.AimTo investigate the impact of rurality on setting of melanoma excision and mortality in a whole-nation cohort.Design and settingAnalysis of linked routine healthcare data comprising every individual in Scotland diagnosed with melanoma, January 2005–December 2013, in primary and secondary care.MethodMultivariate binary logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between rurality and setting of melanoma excision; Cox proportional hazards regression between rurality and mortality was used, with adjustments for key confounders.ResultsIn total 9519 patients were included (54.3% [n = 5167] female, mean age 60.2 years [SD 17.5]). Of melanomas where setting of excision was known, 90.3% (n = 8598) were in secondary care and 8.1% (n = 771) in primary care. Odds of primary care excision increased with increasing rurality/remoteness. Compared with those in urban areas, those in the most remote rural locations had almost twice the odds of melanoma excision in primary care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33 to 2.77). No significant association was found between urban or rural residency and all-cause mortality. Melanoma-specific mortality was significantly lower in individuals residing in accessible small towns than in large urban areas (adjusted hazards ratio [HR] 0.53; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.87) with no trend towards poorer survival with increasing rurality.ConclusionPatients in Scottish rural locations were more likely to have a melanoma excised in primary care. However, those in rural areas did not have significantly increased mortality from melanoma. Together these findings suggest that current UK melanoma management guidelines could be revised to be more realistic by recognising the role of primary care in the prompt diagnosis and treatment of those in rural locations.

Modelling Population Changes in Small English Urban Areas

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Congdon ◽  
J Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Retirement Migration ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
The Impact

Research on urbanisation has been hampered by discrepancies between the administrative boundaries of towns and a meaningful spatial framework of urbanism that recognises both the true extent of the built-up areas of towns and the functional linkages between urban centres and their surrounding hinterland. An ‘urban area’ definition has been recently developed for British census statistics to represent the physical reality of urban boundaries in terms of land that is urban in use, whereas the functional approach to urban definition has been implemented in terms of a set of urban-centred labour-market areas. In this paper the spatial frameworks of physical and functional definitions are combined in order to investigate processes of population growth in small- and medium-sized towns in England between 1971 and 1981. As in other studies, a general tendency to counterurbanisation— higher growth rates for smaller urban areas (physically defined)—is demonstrated. However, a variety of types of ‘counterurbanisation’ also become apparent. In addition to growth of smaller towns in rural areas beyond metropolitan influence, there has been growth of towns in the labour-market areas of newer freestanding urban centres, and also in the decentralised commuter hinterlands of large metropolitan cores. In this paper a number of causal processes which may underlie different types of growth are investigated, setting this investigation within the standard and labour-market regional context of physical urban areas. There is evidence of ‘people-led’ growth in environmentally attractive locations (for example, through retirement migration). However, growth of small- and medium-sized towns also reflects employment decentralisation and deconcentration to freestanding or satellite towns, and the extension of commuter hinterlands linked both to a growth of car commuting and to availability of land for private-sector housing. Government policies encouraging growth are also demonstrated to be significant. Conversely, decline in a minority of small towns often indicates a diminishing employment base or policy restrictions on growth. The impact on modelling growth in urban areas of a diversity of causal processes and locational contexts for growth is considered.

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE FINANCED BY THE CAP AS A FACTOR OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS – EXAMPLE OF THE KUYAVIAN-POMERANIAN PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Roman Rudnicki ◽  
Anna Dubownik
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Economic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article is to present the spatial differentiation of CAP funds directed to farms of Kuyavian- Pomeranian region in order to increase the level of their non-agricultural economic activity in the years 2003-2014. The analysis were focused to assess the impact of EU funds for multifunctional development of agriculture and rural areas. The indicators were used to illustrate the share of realized applications in the overall numbers of farms and households with income from non-agricultural activities. It has been shown that the higher level of indicators where in the municipalities of less urbanized areas, which should be considered as positive. Also, it has been demonstrated that the indicators were higher in municipalities with more favorable conditions for agricultural development, which must be regarded as potentially negative.

scholarly journals Linear and structural changes in rural space – the positive and problematic aspects (case of Latvia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 669-676
Author(s):  
Baiba Rivza ◽  
Maiga Kruzmetra ◽  
Peteris Rivza
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Cooperation Network ◽  
National Significance ◽  
Geographical Locations

AbstractRural areas as a space have many features in common: land as a significant resource for economic activity, forests as a natural kind of climate-friendly environment, a low population density, etc. At the same time, the natural resources of rural areas tend to be exploited in a different way, which is determined by the different activities of the population of a particular territorial unit about the exploitation of the natural resources. By employing cluster analysis, an analysis of 110 administrative-territorial units forming the space outside cities of national significance allowed identifying the geographical locations of the least economically developed territorial units and the most specific socio-economic characteristics of the units. Geographically, the territorial units were spread across all the planning regions in Latvia, while business and entrepreneurship there focused on the use of natural resources, i.e. agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The trend has been observed since 2009 and requires seeking innovative ideas for changing the situation, one of which could be the expansion of the e-environment and e-commerce in these areas as well as the establishment of a cooperation network for home producers.

scholarly journals ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ФАКТОР АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ В БРЕСТСЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ БІЛОРУСІЇ

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
И. А. Пригодич ◽  
И. А. Конончук ◽  
А. В. Киевич
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Free Economic Zone ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
The Republic

Investment in the country is the most effective and efficient driver of the economy. Their availability will inevitably lead to effective employment through the creation of new jobs, and deep modernization. Increasing the competitiveness of goods will contribute to the growth of sales, exports and foreign exchange earnings in the country. The purpose of the article is to characterize foreign economic activity as a factor in intensifying investments in the Brest region of Belarus. Methods used in the study. The use of the induction method allowed us to identify areas for improving the procedures for determining the effectiveness of the application of tax benefits. Research hypothesis. In the Republic of Belarus, this is favored by a well-developed transport infrastructure, an extensive network of Railways and highways, modern logistics centers, and a highly qualified workforce. The key factor in the growth of the country's economy is the investment of funds in the regions. Statement of the main material. The modern Brest district is a region where light industry, agriculture, food industry, construction industry, forestry, and woodworking are actively developing. The geographical position of the region on the border with the European Union creates favorable conditions for trade and investment cooperation with European countries. The products of JSC ”Savushkin product“, the Belarusian-German joint venture ”Santa Bremor“ and the Belarusian-Russian joint venture ”Brestgazoapparat“, and the holding company ”Pinskdrev“ are widely known on the world markets. The national center for marketing and pricing study of the Ministry of foreign affairs will continue to promote economic cooperation between enterprises of the Brest region and foreign partners. Originality and practical value. The free economic zone ”Brest“ has been created and is successfully operating in the region, the advantages of which are well known to investors far beyond the country's borders. The residents of this economic zone have successfully used tax and customs benefits, guarantees in respect of the ownership and disposition of profit. In addition to the benefits provided in the free economic zone, preferences also apply when investing in objects located in small towns and rural areas. Conclusions. The Brest region can offer foreign investors comfortable working conditions and profitable projects. In total, the region's investment portfolio includes more than 20 offers totaling more than 100 million dollars.In the article, analyzes the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of the Brest region of the Republic of Belarus and appreciates its investment potential. The assessment of the economic activity of the region allows us to draw conclusions not only about the weaknesses and strengths of key economic entities, but also to identify the prospects for the development of the Brest region by increasing the use of existing benefits and preferences.

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