Joe Biden: A Bearer of Hope

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Ruthardt
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Positive Growth

Abstract Expectations on Biden’s Presidency are immense. The international community hopes for a paradigm shift away from US unilateral policies and towards more international cooperation. International economic experts expect positive growth effects far beyond the United States. President Biden’s early actions point towards reversing some of President Trump’s core economic policies. President Biden’s reform proposals include large-scale fiscal expansions, a substantial increase of the corporate income tax rate and increased international cooperation in the upcoming years.

scholarly journals Simulating Corporate Income Tax Reform Proposals with a Dynamic CGE Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshab Bhattarai ◽  
Jonathan Haughton ◽  
Michael Head ◽  
David G Tuerck
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Almost All

Opinion leaders and policy makers in the United States have turned their focus to the corporate income tax, which now has the highest statutory rate in the developed world. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (the “NCPA-DCGE Model”), we simulate alternative policies for reducing the U.S. corporate income tax.  We find that reductions in the corporate income tax rate result in significant positive impacts on output, investment, capital formation, employment, and household well-being (for almost all deciles). All of the hypothesized reforms also result in a more-streamlined public sector. These results are plausible insofar as the DCGE model from which they are obtained is parameterized by plausible elasticity assumptions, and incorporates the adjustments in prices, output, employment and investment that result from changes in tax policy.

scholarly journals The Impact of United States Tax Policies on Sectoral Foreign Direct Investment to Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Mercer-Blackman ◽  
Shiela Camingue-Romance
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Impact

Using panel data at the country and sector level spanning almost 15 years, this paper shows that the corporate income tax rate does not affect the United States’ inward foreign direct investment once market size, costs, openness, and the business environment, are taken into account. This is true for United States foreign direct investment bound to developing Asia and across most sectors.

scholarly journals The Role of Taxes in the Disconnect Between Corporate Performance and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 5427-5447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urooj Khan ◽  
Suresh Nallareddy ◽  
Ethan Rouen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Corporate Profits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

We investigate the relation between corporate performance and overall economic growth in the United States. In particular, we focus on the impact of the U.S. corporate tax regime on this relation. Exploiting time-series variation and a tax shock, we document that the relatively higher corporate income tax rate and the tax treatment of foreign earnings of U.S. corporations have contributed to a disconnect between the performance of the corporate sector and the overall economy. Specifically, the growth of domestic (national) corporate profits, on average, has outpaced the growth of the domestic (national) economy, and this disconnect increases as the difference between the U.S. corporate income tax rate and the average tax rate of the other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries increases. The underlying mechanism is fewer corporate profits being channeled into subsequent domestic investments when the U.S. tax rate is relatively higher, leading to lower economic growth. Our findings have implications for policy setters. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Taxation in a mixed economy: the case of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davidson Sinclair ◽  
Larry Li
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
For Profit

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Chinese firms’ ownership structure is related to their effective tax rate. The People’s Republic of China provides an interesting environment to examine the corporate income tax. Government has significant ownership stakes in the for-profit economy and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are liable to the corporate income tax. This is very different to most other economies where SOE tends to dominate the not-for-profit economy and pays no corporate income tax. Government ownership also varies between the central government and local government in addition to state asset management bureaus. This provides a rich institutional background to examining the corporate income tax. Design/methodology/approach A panel data analysis approach is used to examine relationship between ownership structure and effective tax rates of all public firms in China from 1999 to 2009. Findings The authors report that effective tax rates do appear to vary across the ownership types, but that SOEs pay a statistically higher effective tax rate than to non-state-owned. In addition, local government owned SOE pay higher effective tax rates than central government and SAMB owned SOE. The authors also investigate Zimmerman’s (1983) political cost hypothesis. Unfortunately, these results are econometrically fragile with the statistical significance of those results varying by empirical technique. Originality/value This paper provides insight into government ownership and taxation in China.

scholarly journals Victory Tax: A Holistic Income Tax System

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Donald J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Government Transfer ◽  
Log Normal

How can an income tax system be designed to exploit human nature and a free market to create a poverty free society, while balancing budgets without disproportional tax burdens? Such a tax system, with universal character, is deduced from the following guiding principles: (1) a single tax rate applies to all income types and levels; (2) the tax rate adjusts to satisfy budget projections; (3) government transfer only supplements the income of households with self-generated income below the poverty line; (4) deductions for basic living expenses, itemized investments and capital losses are allowed; (5) deductions cannot be applied to government transfer. A general framework emerges with three parameters that determine a minimum allowed tax deduction, a maximum allowed itemized deduction, and a maximum deduction defined by income percentage. An income distribution that mimics the United States, and a series of log-normal distributions are considered to quantitatively compare detailed characteristics of this tax system to progressive and flat tax systems. To minimize government dependency while maximizing after-tax income, the effective tax rate (ETR) as a function of income percentile takes the shape of the letter, V, inspiring the name victory tax, where the middle class has the lowest ETR.

scholarly journals Beneficial ownership of income as an antiabusive measure in Serbian Tax Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (88) ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Miloš Vasović
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Double Taxation ◽  
Current Function ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Treaty Shopping ◽  
Beneficial Ownership ◽  
The One

The Serbian Corporate Income Tax Act contains a provision on the beneficial ownership of income (hereinafter: the BO provision), which is one of the conditions for the application of the preferential tax rate on income tax after tax deduction, which is envisaged in Treaties for the avoidance of Double Taxation on income and capital (hereinafter: Double Taxation Treaties/ DTTs). The subject matter of research in this paper is the term "beneficial ownership", which is not defined in the Corportate Income Tax Act. It may ultimately lead to abusing the preferential tax rates from the DTTs in tax planning and "treaty shopping" through the use of conduit companies. Tax experts have different opinions on the legal nature of the BO provision, which is given the function of an anti-abusive measure (on the one hand) and a rule for the attribution of income (on the other hand). The author analyzes the current function of the BO provision envisaged in the Serbian Serbian Corporate Income Tax Act (CITA), and its inadequate application. The author advocates for enacting the BO provision as an anti-abusive measure, and examines the possible application of the BO provision in domestic tax law, with reference to Articles 10, 11, and 12 of the DTTs that Serbia contracted with other states, as well as Articles 10-12 of the OECD Model-Convention on Income and Capital (2017) and Commentaries on these articles. Such an application of the BO provision may preclude "treaty shopping". In final remarks, the author points out why the BO provision should be envisaged as an anti-abusive measure in Serbian tax law.

scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Pajak Penghasilan Badan Pada Perusahaan Jasa Konstruksi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Jeanne Laura Elizabeth Manuputty ◽  
Sudradjat Sudradjat
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Reporting Mechanism ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Writing ◽  
Construction Services

This research was conducted at PT. Anugerah Abba Prakarsa at Jalan Pangeran Jayakarta 45 No. A5 Jakarta Barat DKI Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to know compliance calculation of corporate income tax on construction services at PT. Anugerah Abba Prakarsa with Peratura Pemerintah no. 51 year 2008 Jo Peraturan Pemerintah no. 40 year 2009 and know how reporting mechanism of annual income tax return of construction service company at PT. Anugerah Abba Prakarsa. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive approach. Research that produces descriptive data in the form of written or oral words of people and behavior that can be observed. In other words, this research is called qualitative research because it is a study that does not hold calculations. The analytical method used is comparative descriptive writing that compares the similarities and differences between two or more facts and properties of the object under study based on a particular frame of mind. The results showed that the analysis and calculation of income tax of PT. Anugerah Abba Prakarsa has been in accordance with Peraturan Pemerintah no. 51 year 2008 JO Peraturan Pemerintah no. 40 years 2009. However, there are some time PT. Abba Prakrsa's prize suffered a constraint which resulted in the increase of the Corporate Income Tax rate to 4% from the Tax Basis.   Keywords : PSAK 16, fixed assets, financial statement

scholarly journals Management Of Accrual Components In Response To Corporate Income Tax Rate Changes: Evidence From Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Wook Choi ◽  
Hyun-Ah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Accruals Management ◽  
Accrual Management ◽  
Aggressive Tax Avoidance ◽  
Statutory Tax Rate

Changes in the statutory corporate income tax rate provide firms with an opportunity to reduce their tax burden by shifting their taxable income from higher to lower tax rate years. One negative consequence of shifting taxable income across years is higher variation in book income for financial reporting purposes. Taxable income and book income are closely related in most countries, and, in general, reporting volatile book income across years is not a favorable signal to investors. This study investigates how firms shift taxable income and concurrently mitigate book income fluctuation by managing accrual components separately when the statutory income tax rate changes. Unlike prior studies, we decompose discretionary accruals into two components and examine distinctive patterns of accrual management in Korea, where book-tax conformity is high and aggressive tax avoidance is restricted. We find that firms manage book-tax accruals for taxable income shifting and manage book-only accruals to mitigate book income fluctuation. Furthermore, we find the extent of book-tax and book-only accruals management varies depending on the firms tax and financial reporting costs. The results of this study provide clear and compelling evidence of firms opportunistic accrual management behavior in response to statutory tax rate reduction.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Effects of Personal and Corporate Income Tax Changes in the United States: Reply

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 2679-2691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Mertens ◽  
Morten O. Ravn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Valid Inference ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
Inference Methods

In this reply to a comment by Jentsch and Lunsford, we show that the evidence for economic and statistically significant macroeconomic effects of tax changes in Mertens and Ravn (2013) remains present for a range of asymptotically valid inference methods. (JEL E23, E62, H24, H25, H31, H32)

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