scholarly journals Multi-temporal analysis of an agricultural landscape transformation and abandonment (Lubietová, Central Slovakia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Masný ◽  
Lubica Zaušková
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Abandonment ◽  
Size Standard

AbstractSocio-political changes in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe in the era of socialism had significant effects on agricultural landscape. Collectivisation (1950 - 1970) lost almost all of traditional agricultural landscapes. On the other hand, the phenomenon of agricultural abandonment started to be significant after 1989. In the model area (part of The Polana Biosphere Reserve) these two processes that formed the agricultural landscape structure were analysed. The analyses were carried out using orthophotos that represented the landscape structure in 1949, 1986 and 2006. It was found that almost complete extinction of the traditional agricultural landscape represented by a mosaic of narrow fields and permanent grasslands occurred during the period. At the same time, increasing trend of abandonment processes was observed. In 2006, non-forestwoody vegetation covered 48% of agricultural land.Natural reforestation as the final stage of agricultural abandonment extended to 46% on the former agricultural land in 2006. Abandonment processes were the most significant already in the period of socialist agriculture. To describe the changes, landscape metrics such as Number of patches (NP), Mean patch size (MPS), Patch size standard deviation (PSSD) and Mean shape index (MSI) were used.

scholarly journals Estimating landscape structure effects on pollination for management of agricultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Rahimi ◽  
Shahindokht Barghjelveh ◽  
Pinliang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
New Forest

Abstract Background The growing human population around the world is creating an increased demand for food. In agricultural landscapes, forests are cleared and turned into agricultural land to produce more food. Increasing the productivity of agricultural land per unit area may prevent extreme forest degradation. Since many agricultural products are dependent on pollinators, it is possible to increase crop production by increasing the pollination rate in the agricultural landscapes. Pollinators are highly dependent on forest patches in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, by creating new forest patches around agricultural fields, we can increase the pollination rate, and thus the crop production. In this regard, estimating the effects of different scenarios of forest fragmentation helps us to find an optimized pattern of forest patches for increasing pollination in an agricultural landscape. Methods To investigate the effect of different forest fragmentation scenarios on pollination, we used simulated agricultural landscapes, including different forest proportions and degrees of fragmentation. Using landscape metrics, we estimated the relationship between pollination and landscape structure for each landscape. Results Our results showed that for increasing pollination, two significant factors should be considered: habitat amount and capacity of small patches to supply pollination. We found that when the capacity of small patches in supplying pollination was low, fragmented patterns of forest patches decreased pollination. With increasing capacity, landscapes with a high degree of forest fragmentation showed the highest levels of pollination. There was an exception for habitat amounts (the proportion of forest patches) less than 0.1 of the entire landscape where increasing edge density, aggregation, and the number of forest patches resulted in increasing pollination in all scenarios. Conclusion This study encourages agriculturists and landscape planners to focus on increasing crop production per unit area by pollinators because it leads to biodiversity conservation and reduces socio-economic costs of land-use changes. We also suggest that to increase pollination in agricultural landscapes by creating new forest patches, special attention should be paid to the capacity of patches in supporting pollinators.

scholarly journals Agricultural Abandonment in Chosen Terrain Attributes Context – Case Study from the Poľana Unesco Biosphere Reserve (Central Slovakia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Matej Masný ◽  
Karol Weis ◽  
Martin Boltižiar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Abandonment ◽  
Terrain Attributes ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract Agricultural land in many post-socialist countries passed through a similar scenario of eminent changes in the past decades. One of the important milestones was the process of collectivisation (in 1950−1970), transformation to market-oriented economy (after 1989) and the following integration into the European Union. These changes were often attended by the process of agricultural abandonment. This paper presents an approach to the evaluation of agricultural abandonment by analysis of land use change in chosen terrain attributes (slope levels and altitude levels) context. It studies the area of a northern part of the Poľana UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Biosphere reserve that represents mountain agricultural landscape. All of the analyses were realised in GIS (geographic information systems), based on the orthophotos that represented the land use structure in 1949, 1986 and 2006. Dramatic decrease in real usage of agricultural areas attended by the process of secondary succession was observed especially in steep slopes and higher altitude levels. To quantify the changes, landscape metrics such as class area (CA), number of patches (NP) and mean patch size (MPS) were used. Changes in landscape classes had an influence on landscape diversity. It was expressed by decrease in Shannon‘s diversity index (SDI) and Shannon‘s evenness index (SEI).

scholarly journals Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of agricultural land after the Second World War in Czechia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Zelinka ◽  
Johana Zacharová ◽  
Jan Skaloš
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
German Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe term Sudetenland refers to large regions of the former Czechoslovakia that had been dominated by Germans. German population was expelled directly after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1947. Almost three million people left large areas in less than two years. This population change led to a break in the relationship between the people and the landscape. The aim of the study is to compare the trajectories of these changes in agricultural landscapes in lower and higher altitudes, both in depopulated areas and areas with preserved populations. This study included ten sites in the region of Northern Bohemia in Czechia (18,000 ha in total). Five of these sites represent depopulated areas, and the other five areas where populations remained preserved. Changes in the landscape were assessed through a bi-temporal analysis of land use change by using aerial photograph data from time hoirzons of 2018 and 1953. Land use changes from the 1950s to the present are corroborated in the studied depopulated and preserved areas mainly by the trajectory of agricultural land to forest. The results prove that both population displacement and landscape type are important factors that affect landscape changes, especially in agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Basic principles of reclaimed agricultural landscapes sustainability formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Vasilyev ◽  
◽  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Irrigated Lands

Purpose: to establish the basic principles of the organization of reclamed agricultural landscapes and to substantiate the use of the agricultural landscape approach in the organization of the territory. Materials and Methods. When preparing this article, the materials of Russian scientists dealing with the issues of soil fertility conservation and ecological sustainability of reclaimed agricultural landscapes were considered. The methods used were analysis, generalization, synthesis and other methods of working with literary sources on this issue. Results. In performing the work, the main principles and indicators were determined, such as productivity, sustainability, the rule of transforming measures for the natural environment, optimization of the agricultural landscape, authenticity, principles of the formation of reclaimed agricultural landscapes, the complexity of the reclamation impact, the required diversity, the uniqueness of the reclamation impact. The basic requirements for the preservation of soil fertility of reclaimed irrigated agricultural landscape have been established. It was found that to maintain ecological balance within the irrigated agricultural landscape, it is necessary to adhere to the indicators of the reclamation load of the natural environment. The limits of agricultural lands saturation in reclaimed agricultural landscapes for various agro-climatic zones have been substantiated and recommended. Conclusions. It has been determined that the coefficient of reclamation loading of irrigated lands, showing the maximum share of irrigated lands that can be irrigated in a particular climatic zone, varies from 0.3 in the forest-steppe zone to 0.60–0.85 in the semi-desert and desert zone. This suggests that with an increase in moisture supply, this indicator decreases, the recommended amount of agricultural land in various agroclimatic zones varies from 30 to 87 %, while the area of arable land should not exceed 20–25 % in a very dry zone, and with an increase in moisture supply, it can increase up to 80 % in the semi-arid zone. The amount of irrigated land in the reclaimed agricultural landscape should not exceed 18–20 %. Irrigated meadows and pastures should account for 1–2 to 5–6 % of the area.

scholarly journals Tinjauan perubahan cara bercocok tanam pada lanskap agrikultur di desa enclave Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Ngadas, Kabupaten Malang

2019 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Dian Kartika Santoso ◽  
Antariksa Antariksa ◽  
Sri Utami
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A review of cultivation changes in agricultural landscapes in the enclave village of Bromo TenggerSemeru National Park, Ngadas, Malang Regency Ngadas village is one example of an agricultural villagelocated in the mountains. Ngadas village is located in the enclave of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park(TNBTS) in the Malang Regency, East Java. The dependence of the community on agricultural land makesNgadas have a strong agrarian image. Ngadas people do more activities in the fields than in the house. Asbasic landscape units in the form of mountains, they have a vulnerability if not used wisely. The problem ofvulnerability to erosion in the agricultural landscape, makes Ngadas Village interesting to study. Primarily,regarding the relationship of landscapes and land conservation efforts that must be made to a complexagricultural landscape. Therefore, there is a need for research that focuses on efforts to conserve land, especially in an agricultural landscape. Research is conducted through qualitative methods with spatial andqualitative descriptive comparative analysis. The results of the study show that changes in farming methodshave several disadvantages that can cause land degradation and reduced productivity in each period, includingthe shifting cultivation system to reduce nutrients, upper slopes planted with tubers and monoculture agriculture.Therefore, it is necessary to have the right recommendations, namely planting upper slopes with hard woodplants, planting with polyculture systems, and agroforestry systems applied on the upper slopes.

scholarly journals More pests but less treatments: ambivalent effect of landscape complexity on Conservation Biological Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Zamberletti ◽  
Khadija Sabir ◽  
Thomas Opitz ◽  
Olivier Bonnefon ◽  
Edith Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Conservation Biological Control ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Landscape Complexity ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractIn agricultural landscapes, the amount and organization of crops and semi-natural habitats (SNH) have the potential to promote a bundle of ecosystem services due to their influence on ecological community at multiple spatio-temporal scales. SNH are relatively undisturbed and are often source of complementary resources and refuges, supporting more diverse and abundant natural pest enemies. However, the nexus of SNH proportion and organization with pest suppression is not trivial. It is thus crucial to understand how the behavior of pest and auxiliary species, the underlying landscape structure, and their interaction may influence conservation biological control (CBC). Here, we develop a generative stochastic landscape model to simulate realistic agricultural landscape compositions and configurations of fields and linear elements. Generated landscapes are used as spatial support over which we simulate a spatially explicit predator-prey dynamic model. We find that SNH boost predator population, but predator movement from hedges to fields is fundamental for an efficient pest regulation by auxiliaries and to decrease pesticide treatments. Moreover landscape elements may lead to different effects on pest reduction depending on the considered scale. Integration of species behaviors and traits with landscape structure at multiple scales are needed to provide useful insights for CBC.

scholarly journals THE RATIO OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Primakov ◽  
◽  
E.G. Tsaloeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Krasnodar Region

The article presents the approaches aimed at optimizing the ratio of agricultural lands of the Krasnodar region. The aim of the work is to analyze the load on agricultural land in the Krasnodar region, to determine the ratio of land in agricultural landscapes, to develop measures to improve the environmental situation on agricultural land. The work studies the load on agricultural land in the administrative districts of the Krasnodar region. We identified (ranged) three zones with different degrees of anthropogenic impact. We presented a set of measures aimed at improving the environmental situation in the agricultural landscapes of the region. The choice of a system of measures will depend on the load on the agricultural landscape.

APPLICATION OF SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL ON AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anete Zvaigzne ◽  
Andra Blumberga ◽  
Saulius Vasarevičius
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model

Agricultural land comprises an important share of the total terrestrial land. Therefore it plays a crucial role in the health of the so-called foundation of all types of ecosystem services – biodiversity. This research aims at providing a tool for evaluating the state of biodiversity in an agricultural landscape by using different agri-environmental indicators. A system dynamics model is built that encloses agricultural land use parameters, agricultural land use intensity, landscape fragmentation patterns, crop diversity and other aspects that have an important effect on biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. This research is an attempt to use information available for public to assess the degree to which agricultural landscape may benefit from landscape greening activities, changes in crop management activities etc. At the end of this research landscape biodiversity of an intensive farming region in Latvia (Bauska district) will be evaluated.

scholarly journals More pests but less pesticide applications: Ambivalent effect of landscape complexity on conservation biological control

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009559
Author(s):  
Patrizia Zamberletti ◽  
Khadija Sabir ◽  
Thomas Opitz ◽  
Olivier Bonnefon ◽  
Edith Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Conservation Biological Control ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
Pest Density

In agricultural landscapes, the amount and organization of crops and semi-natural habitats (SNH) have the potential to promote a bundle of ecosystem services due to their influence on ecological community at multiple spatio-temporal scales. SNH are relatively undisturbed and are often source of complementary resources and refuges, therefore supporting more diverse and abundant natural pest enemies. However, the nexus of SNH proportion and organization with pest suppression is not trivial. It is thus crucial to understand how the behavior of pest and natural enemy species, the underlying landscape structure, and their interaction, may influence conservation biological control (CBC). Here, we develop a generative stochastic landscape model to simulate realistic agricultural landscape compositions and configurations of fields and linear elements. Generated landscapes are used as spatial support over which we simulate a spatially explicit predator-prey dynamic model. We find that increased SNH presence boosts predator populations by sustaining high predator density that regulates and keeps pest density below the pesticide application threshold. However, predator presence over all the landscape helps to stabilize the pest population by keeping it under this threshold, which tends to increase pest density at the landscape scale. In addition, the joint effect of SNH presence and predator dispersal ability among hedge and field interface results in a stronger pest regulation, which also limits pest growth. Considering properties of both fields and linear elements, such as local structure and geometric features, provides deeper insights for pest regulation; for example, hedge presence at crop field boundaries clearly strengthens CBC. Our results highlight that the integration of species behaviors and traits with landscape structure at multiple scales is necessary to provide useful insights for CBC.

scholarly journals Kurzumtriebsplantagen – Ergänzung oder Widerspruch zur nachhaltigen Waldwirtschaft? | Short-term rotation plantations – supplement or in contradiction to sustainable forest management?

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Schmidt ◽  
Denie Gerold
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Management Concepts

Sustainability in forestry does not only cover wood production but it serves all functions of the forest. The increasing demand for wood urges a reconsideration of management concepts. To further ensure the principle of sustainability with the forest as a natural tool for resources, all potentials of the cultural landscape for woody biomass production are to be considered with the strategies for a sustainable development. Such a potential is offered by short-rotation plantations at agricultural sites. Management of such plantations in the agricultural landscape must meet minimum standards in respect to ecology and economy but cannot fulfill all criteria for a sustainable forest management. The less intensive management of such plantations compared to other agricultural land-use systems, has favorable effects on the ecosystem services of the landscape, ecological efficiency of the natural environment and biodiversity. According to a differentiated management strategy for woody stands in forest and agricultural landscapes, short-term rotation plantations as an intensive management strategy for woody ecosystems as well as strictly protected areas for nature conservation and forest regulation consider the concept of partial segregation. The allocation of wood by short-term rotation plantations reduces the pressure on the sustainable, ecologically oriented forest management as an integration strategy which should be implemented on the predominant forested area in the future.

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