scholarly journals Origin of the low-medium temperature hot springs around Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 820-834
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Zhifang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Karst Landform ◽  
Karst Landforms ◽  
Development And Management

Abstract The exploration of the origin of hot spring is the basis of its development and utilization. There are many low-medium temperature hot springs in Nanjing and its surrounding karst landform areas, such as the Tangshan, Tangquan, Lunshan, and Xiangquan hot springs. This article discusses the origin characters of the Lunshan hot spring with geological condition analysis, hydrogeochemical data, and isotope data. The results show that the hot water is SO4–Ca type in Lunshan area, and the cation content of SO4 is high, which are related to the deep hydrogeological conditions of the circulation in the limestone. Carbonate and anhydrite dissolutions occur in the groundwater circulation process, and they also dominate the water–rock interaction processes in the geothermal reservoir of Lunshan. The hot water rising channels are deeply affected by the NW and SN faults. Schematic diagrams of the conceptual model of the geothermal water circulation in Lunshan are plotted. The origin of Tangshan, Tangquan, and Xiangquan hot springs are similar to the Lunshan hot spring. In general, the geothermal water in karst landforms around Nanjing mainly runs through the carbonate rock area and is exposed near the core of the anticlinal structure of karst strata, forming SO4–Ca/SO4–Ca–Mg type hot spring with the water temperature less than 60°C. The characters of the hot springs around Nanjing are similar, which are helpful for the further research, development, and management of the geothermal water resources in this region.

scholarly journals The Origin of Geothermal Water Around Slamet Volcano - Paguyangan - Cipari, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Sachrul Iswahyudi ◽  
Indra Permanajati ◽  
Rachmad Setijadi ◽  
Januar Aziz Zaenurrohman ◽  
Muhamad Afirudin Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Central Java

The existences of several hot springs between Slamet volcano, Paguyangan, and Cipari Districts raised questions regarding their origin. Several studies have been conducted related to the hydrothermal system at the location. Subsequent studies are needed to understand the hydrothermal system at the research site for the sustainability and conservation of geothermal natural resources. This research has reviewed several previous studies plus the latest information on the origin of hot spring water with the help of deuterium (2H) and 18O isotopes. This study used geochemical analysis of hot springs (geothermal) and local meteoric water to obtain information on isotope values. This was used for the interpretation of the origin of geothermal water. This study also used regional geological analysis methods for the interpretation of the mechanism for the emergence of these hot springs. The results of the analysis informed that the origin of hot water was local meteoric water. The geological structure was weak enough to allow water from the geothermal reservoir to reach the surface and meteoric water into the reservoir.

scholarly journals Geochemical Characterization of Nyamyumba Hot Spring, Northwest Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Hategekimana ◽  
Theophile Mugerwa ◽  
Cedrick Nsengiyumva ◽  
Digne Rwabuhungu ◽  
Juliet Confiance Kabatesi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
East African Rift System ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Lake Kivu

Abstract Hot spring is a hot water that is naturally occurring on the surface from the underground and typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity and local underground geothermal gradient. There are four main hot springs in Rwanda such as: Kalisimbi, Bugarama, Kinigi and Nyamyumba former name Gisenyi hot springs. This research focused on the geochemical analysis of Nyamyumba hot springs located near the fresh water of Lake Kivu. Nyamyumba hot springs are located in the western branch of the East African Rift System and they are located near Virunga volcanic complex, explaining the rising and heating of water. The concentrations of Sulfate, Iron, Ammonia, Alkalinity, Silica, Phosphate, Salinity, Alkalinity, and Conductivity using standard procedures were measured. The results showed that hot spring water has higher concentrations of chemicals compared to Lake Kivu water and the geochemistry of these hot springs maybe associated with rock dissolution by hot water. The measured parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards for recreational waters and it has been identified that Nyamyumba hot spring are safe to use in therapeutic activities (Swimming).

scholarly journals Study of geothermometers and chemical composition of hot springs in Zavkhan province

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Bolormaa Ch ◽  
Oyuntsetseg D ◽  
Bolormaa O
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

In this study, we collected hot spring water sample from Otgontenger, Tsetsuukh, Zart, Ulaan Khaalga and Khojuul in Zavkhan province. The purpose of this study is to determine the temperature of geothermal water and its depth which based on the hydrochemical component. Hot spring water analyses showed that temperature ranges between 33.4 to 45.5°C, pH ranges 8.40 to 9.56, and the total dissolved solid amount was 170 to 473 mg/L. From the result of hydrochemical analyses, hot spring samples were included in SO4-Na and HCO3-Na type. In comparison to other hot spring samples, Tsetsuukh hot spring has shown negative oxidation reduction potential, -0.8 mV and dissolved hydrogen, 0.22 mg/L. Therefore, it has a higher ability for medical treatment than other hot spring water due to its reduction state. The reservoir temperature of these hot springs is calculated by several geothermometer methods, and temperatures ranged between 102оC to 149оC. According to this result, it assumed that geothermal water with low temperature which has the ability to use for room heating and producing energy by the binary system. Thus, we determined that reservoir depth is 1.3 to 3.7 km using annual average surface and reservoir temperature, and regional geothermal gradient. Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын химийн найрлага, геотермометрийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Завхан аймгийн нутагт орших Отгонтэнгэр, Зарт, Цэцүүх, Улаан хаалга, Хожуулын халуун рашаануудын гидрохимийн найрлагыг нарийвчлан тогтоосоны үндсэн дээр тухайн рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон гүнийг тогтоох зорилго тавин ажиллаа. Завхан аймгийн рашаанууд нь халуун 33.4-45.5°C температуртай, шүлтлэг орчинтой (pH 8.4-9.56), 170-473 мг/л хүртэл эрдэсжилттэй, HCO3-Na болон SO4-Na-ийн төрлийн халуун рашааны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Эдгээр рашаануудаас Цэцүүхийн халуун рашааны исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал нь -0.8 мВ, ууссан устөрөгчийн агуулга 0.22 мг/л илэрсэн нь судалгаанд хамрагдсан бусад рашаануудтай харьцуулахад ангижрах төлөвт оршиж байгаа бөгөөд илүү эмчилгээний идэвхтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан халуун рашаануудын гүний температурыг химийн найрлагаас нь хамааруулан хэд хэдэн геотермометрийг ашиглан тооцоход дунджаар 102-149oС байсан ба энэ нь бага температуртай усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байгаа учир тухайн халуун усны нөөцийг өрөө тасалгаа халаах болон бинари системийг ашиглан цахилгаан гаргаж авах боломжтой байна. Мөн Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны нөөц нь газрын гадаргаас доош 1.3-3.7 км-ийн гүнд байрладаг болохыг орд дээрх температур, газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон бүс нутгийн геотермал градиентад үндэслэн тооцоолон тодорхойллоо. Түлхүүр үг: Гидрохими, халуун рашаан, геотермометр, гүний температур.

scholarly journals Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Almirudis ◽  
Edgar R. Santoyo-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirna Guevara ◽  
Francisco Paz-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
The Mean

A promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal system located in Sonora (Mexico) has been studied. In the present work, a detailed geochemical survey was carried out to understand the hydrogeochemical signatures of hot spring waters. A field work campaign was conducted for collecting water samples from twelve hot springs placed in four major zones (NW, NE, C, and S). The collected samples were analysed by chemical and isotopic methods for determining their chemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (18O/16O and D/H) compositions. Using geochemometric analyses of the fluid composition and fractionation, depletion and enrichment processes exhibited by major and trace elements were analysed. Hydrogeochemical classification was used to indicate the presence of sodium-sulphate (Na-SO4) waters in the North (NW and NE) and South hydrothermal zones; whereas calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) waters were identified for the Central zone. Some hot spring waters located in the NE zone were also typified as sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3). In relation to the isotopic signatures of 18O/16O and D/H, four water samples from NE and C zones lie near to the global meteoric water line; whereas the remaining eight samples showed a shift for both oxygen and deuterium isotopes. A mixing line with a small shift of δ18O was identified and used as a proxy to discriminate waters with different isotopic signatures. After applying a geochemometric outliers detection/rejection and an iterative ANOVA statistical test, the mean temperature inferred from the most reliable solute geothermometers was 149±40 °C, which suggests to be considered as the minimum value of the reservoir temperature. As most of the hot spring waters fall outside of the full equilibrium curve, the original reservoir conditions were corrected by using a mixing conductive model, which predicted a deep equilibrium temperature of 210±11 °C. As this temperature is considerably higher than the mean temperature inferred from the geothermometers, it was suggested as an optimistic maximum reservoir temperature of the Sonora geothermal system. Using 150 °C and 200 °C as rounded-off reservoir temperatures (or min-max estimates), geochemical equilibria modelling based on fluid-mineral stability diagrams was carried out. An equilibrium process among local hydrothermal waters and albite-potassium feldespar and muscovite-prehnite-laumontite mineral assemblages was found. These minerals were proposed as representative mineral assemblages of low-grade metamorphism, which seems to indicate that the geothermal fluid equilibria were probably reached within the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks from the Tarahumara Formation.

scholarly journals Application research of intelligent monitoring system of longsheng hot spring water temperature based on Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5 Part A) ◽  
pp. 2613-2622
Author(s):  
Bi Li ◽  
Shi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Main Station

Guangxi Guilin area, China, is rich in hot spring resources. In this paper, a hot spring water temperature monitoring system is developed for longsheng hot springs. Mainly using the hot water of eye of hot springs as the heat source, designing a set of multi-point temperature monitoring system with single-chip and multi-slave as the core of the single-chip microcomputer and wireless and bi-directional transmission for the main station and multiple slave stations to realize automatic temperature monitoring. The system slave station can exchange geothermal water with high temperature extracted from the eye of hot springs and cold water, and automatically control the temperature of the hot spring pool to reach a set value range by controlling the flow rate of the cold water. At the same time, the main station can complete the tasks of monitoring system by setting control commands such as temperature.

scholarly journals Natural State Modeling of Singapore Geothermal Reservoir

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Hendrik Tjiawi ◽  
Andrew C. Palmer ◽  
Grahame J. H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Engineered Geothermal System

 The existence of hot springs coupled with the apparent anomalous high heat flow has sparked interest in the potential for geothermal development in Singapore. This geothermal resource may be potentially significant and could be exploited through Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) technology, i.e. a method to create artificial permeability at depth in granitic or sandstone formations as found under Singapore. The apparently ever-increasing fossil fuel price has made the cost of using the EGS technology more viable than it was in the past. Thus, to assess the resource, a numerical model for the geothermal reservoir has been constructed. Mass and heat flows in the system are simulated in 2D with AUTOUGH2.2, and the graphical interface processed through MULGRAPH2.2. Natural state calibration was performed to match both the observed and the expected groundwater profile, and also to match the hot water upflow at the Sembawang hot spring, with simulated flowrate matching the hot spring natural flowrate. The simulation gives an encouraging result of 125 - 150 °C hot water at depth 1.25 – 2.75 km.

scholarly journals Exploration of Shallow Geothermal Energy Aquifers by Using Electrical Resistivity Survey in Laki Range Jamshoro district Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal Jamali ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Agheem ◽  
Akhtar Hussain Markhand ◽  
Shahid Ali Shaikh ◽  
Asfand Yar Wali Arain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Geothermal Aquifer

Geothermal water is increasingly used around the world for its exploitation. Bulk electrical resistivity differences can bring significant information on variation of subsurface geothermal aquifer characteristics. The electrical resistivity survey was carried out in Laki range in lower Indus basin in the study area to explore the subsurface geothermal aquifers. The Schlumberger electrode configuration with range from 2 m to 220 m depth was applied. Three prominent locations of hot springs were selected including Laki Shah Saddar, Lalbagh and Kai hot spring near Sehwan city. After processing resistivity image data, two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated at Laki Shah Sadder hot springs. The depth of first aquifer was 56 m and its thickness 38 m in the limestones. The depth of second aquifer of 190 m and with thickness of 96 m hosted in limestone. In Lalbagh hot springs two geothermal aquifers were delineated on the basis of apparent resistivity contrast, the depth of first aquifer zone in sandstone was in sandstone 15 m and thickness 12 m, while the depth of second aquifer was 61m and thickness was 35m. In Kai hot springs two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated. The depth of first geothermal aquifer was 21m and thickness was 18 m and the depth of second aquifer was 105 m and thickness was 61m present in sandstone lithology. Present work demonstrates the capability of electrical resistivity images to study the potential of geothermal energy in shallow aquifers. These outcomes could potentially lead to a number of practical applications, such as the monitoring or the design of shallow geothermal systems.

scholarly journals Guideline for Electricity Generation from Hot Springs (Natural Energy Storage Systems): A Techno-enviro-economic Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Ghoddousi ◽  
Behnaz Rezaie ◽  
Samane Ghandehariun
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
Generation Capacity

The scattered hot springs on the globe are natural thermal energy storages that are available for industrial and recreational advantages. A hot spring is a hydrothermal system that can be used for power generation purposes as well as deep-well geothermal plants. In the present study, a techno-enviro-economic study is conducted to determine the power generation potential of hot springs as a heat source of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The hot water temperature and discharge mass flow rate from hot springs varies from 60 to 90 ᵒC and 5 to 50 kg/s, respectively. The ORC plant is modeled by Aspen Plus V9. The impacts of the temperature and mass flow rate of discharge from hot springs on the thermodynamics and economics of the plants are investigated. The results indicate that increasing the hot spring temperature and discharge mass flow rate improves the thermal efficiency and power generation capacity of ORC plant while Payback Period (PP), Levelized Energy Cost (LEC), and Specific Investment Cost (SIC) shrink. The power generation capacity varies from 9.3 kW to 303 kW and the LEC range is from 0.03 $/kWh to 0.13 $/kWh based on the hot spring and water discharge mass flow rate.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PERSAMAAN GEOTERMOMETER (SiO2)p DI LAPANGAN PANAS BUMI SULI, AMBON

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Helda Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
High Chloride Concentration ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
High Chloride

Suli hot springs area has a low level of acidity or neutral pH ranges (7,2–7,7). It is also supported by a high chloride concentration value, which ranges (208,87-226,27) ppm. Thisshows that the area on station 1, 2, 3, and 4 are located in areas with water flow into the upper reservoir (upflow) and belongs to hot water domination reservoir tipe (water heatedreservoir). Reservoir temperature is calculated by the formula geotermometer (SiO2)p considered whether applied in the four kinds geotermometer equation because it gives the calculation results are not much different temperature and has a value of rms-error is less than 2%. Reservoir temperature at a hot springs station Suli possible temperature (161 ± 0,9)oC. Reservoir temperature at station 2 hot spring Suli possible hot water temperature (172 ± 1,0)oC. Reservoir temperature at station 3 hot springs Suli possible temperature (171 ±0,9)oC. Reservoir temperature at station 4 hot springs Suli possible temperature (169 ± 1,0)oC.

scholarly journals Geochemical Characterization of Geothermal Spring Waters Occurring in South Part of Gujarat and West Coast Geothermal Province of Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirbid Sircar ◽  
Kriti Yadav ◽  
Namrata Bist ◽  
Hemangi Gaurangbhai Oza
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal Spring ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Industrial Operations ◽  
Tds Concentration ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Geothermal waters are extensively useful for various purposes such as in industrial plants, societal benefits, irrigation, and domestic consumptions. However, its physiochemical characterization is very important before using it for any rationale. The main objective of this paper is to identify the hydro-chemistry of geothermal water which is placed in southern part of Gujarat such as Unai hot springs and Saputara geothermal springs, and west coast geothermal province (WCGP) like Tural-Rajwadi group of hot springs. The standard methods were used to carry out the analysis of geothermal water. Piper, Stiff, Gibbs, Extended Durov, and Wilcox diagrams have been plotted to categorize water samples in facies. Spatial distribution curves have also been plotted for geothermal regions of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The geochemistry of groundwater is influenced by the presence of most important ions like Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, and SO42-. Geothermal spring of Unai contains high TDS concentration around 1000 mg/l thus it cannot be used for drinking purposes but it can be utilized for domestic, balneology, and industrial purposes. However, after desalination this water can be utilized for drinking purposes. In Tural-Rajwadi hot springs TDS concentration was > 900 mg/l and pH range was between7-8 hence it can be used for domestic and industrial purposes. The temperature range of Tural-Rajwadi geothermal hot spring is 55-65°C which is very useful for milk pasteurization, industrial operations, space heating, balneology facilities like greenhouses and aquaculture ponds, and domestic purposes.

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