Decay resistance of anhydride-modified Corsican pine sapwood exposed to the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum A.S. Hill ◽  
Michael D. Hale ◽  
Graham A. Ormondroyd ◽  
Jin H. Kwon ◽  
Simon C. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Corsican pine (Pinus nigra) sapwood was chemically modified with acetic or hexanoic anhydride to a variety of weight gains. The modified wood was exposed to the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana, and the relationship between weight loss due to decay and weight percentage gain, or degree of hydroxyl substitution, was determined in a 16-week exposure test. The effect of exposure time and the strain of C. puteana upon the decay protection threshold of acetylated Corsican pine was also examined.

Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Emmerich ◽  
Maja Bleckmann ◽  
Sarah Strohbusch ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Susanne Bollmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (Trametes versicolor), brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.

scholarly journals Decay resistance of acetylated and hexanoylated hardwood and softwood species exposed to Coniophora puteana

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum A.S. Hill ◽  
Simon F. Curling ◽  
Jin H. Kwon ◽  
Virginie Marty
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract The effect of chemical modification with acetic or hexanoic anhydride upon the decay resistance of wood was studied. Both sapwoods and heartwoods of the following trees were investigated: Japanese larch, Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière; Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. as softwoods and European beech (only sapwood), Fagus sylvatica L.; oriental white oak, Quercus aliena (Blume) as hardwoods. After chemical modification, the samples were exposed to the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana (FPRL 11E). The study investigated whether weight percentage gain or degree of hydroxyl substitution were the main factors controlling decay resistance. It was found that decay resistance is associated primarily with cell wall bulking rather than hydroxyl substitution. However, there are differences in behaviour between the acetylated and hexanoylated wood and the possible reasons for these differences are discussed.

Chemical modification of Petersianthus macrocarpus (essia), to determine whether durability depends on bulking or hydroxyl substitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Eric D. Marfo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Modified Wood

Wood is a biodegradable material. Decay resistance of wood is improved when the wood is chemically modified. The decayresistance of a chemically modified wood is improved as the modification stabilizes the cell wall polymers against enzyme attackdue to the blocking of accessible hydroxyl groups of the cell wall polymers which reduces the amount of water for hydrolysis. Theimproved durability of the modified wood as a result of reducing the amount of water molecules into the cell wall for hydrolysiswill depend on either bulking or percentage hydroxyl substitution (%OH). Petersianthus macrocarpus (essia), a tropical hardwoodspecies was chemically modified with acetic anhydride (AA) and pentanoic anhydride (PA) in dry pyridine to improve its decayresistance. Graveyard test was used to analyze the effect of the modification on the decay resistance of the wood in twelve weeksin-ground contact. Percentage weight loss and visual decay grades were used to evaluate whether the decay resistance dependson weight percentage gain or percentage hydroxyl substitution. The decay resistance of the modified samples were found to bedependent on bulking.

scholarly journals Properties of modified wood according to treatment technology and thermo-vacuum process for birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneers

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4150-4164
Author(s):  
Anete Meija-Feldmane ◽  
Ignazia Cuccui ◽  
Ilze Irbe ◽  
Andris Morozovs ◽  
Uldis Spulle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Modified Wood

Thermally modified birch (Betula pendula Roth) veneers that had been subjected to wood treatment technology (WTT) or thermo vacuum (TV) processes were compared in this study. After modification of veneers in the range of temperatures from 160 °C to 218 °C and times from 0.5 h to 3 h, the color, mass loss, density, tensile strength, hygroscopicity, and decay resistance against brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana were determined. Treatment regimes with the greatest mass loss were at 217 °C for 3.0 h in TV (7.8%) and 160 °C for 0.8 h in the WTT (6.7%). As expected, wood mass loss correlated well with moisture exclusion efficiency (MEE) in all relative humidity (RH) environments (r = 0.95 to 0.99). Strength loss in the WTT was considerable compared to the TV process (57% and 40%, respectively). The resistance against brown rot fungus was moderate with a mass loss of 12% to 33%. Among the investigated samples, the regime 217/3.0/TV showed the best resistance against brown rot fungus and acceptable other properties.

scholarly journals Small Angle Neutron Scattering Reveals Wood Nanostructural Features in Decay Resistant Chemically Modified Wood

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Ibach ◽  
Nayomi Z. Plaza ◽  
Sai Venkatesh Pingali
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Alkylene Oxide

While it is known that modifying the hydroxyls in wood can improve the decay resistance; what is often missing in the literature is whether these modifications alter wood nanostructure, and how these changes correlate to the improved decay resistance. Here, we used small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to probe the effects of alkylene oxide modifications on wood nanostructure. Southern pine wood samples were chemically modified to various weight percentage gains (WPG) using four different alkylene oxides: propylene oxide (PO), butylene oxide (BO), epichlorohydrin (EpH), and epoxybutene (EpB). After modification, the samples were water leached for 2 weeks to remove any unreacted reagents or homopolymers and then equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was determined at 90% relative humidity (RH) and 27°C. Laboratory soil block decay evaluations against the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum were performed to determine weight loss and biological efficacy of the modifications. To assist in understanding the mechanism, SANS was used to study samples that were fully immersed in deuterium oxide (D2O). These measurements revealed that the modifications altered the water distribution inside the cell wall, and the most effective modifications reduced the microfibril swelling and preserved the microfibril structure even after being subject to 12 weeks of brown rot exposure.

scholarly journals Particleboards from Recycled Thermally Modified Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Zuzana Vidholdová ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

In recent years, the production and consumption of thermally modified wood (TMW) has been increasing. Offcuts and other waste generated during TMWs processing into products, as well as already disposed products based on TMWs can be an input recycled raw material for production of particleboards (PBs). In a laboratory, 16 mm thick 3-layer PBs bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin were produced at 5.8 MPa, 240 °C and 8 s pressing factor. In PBs, the particles from fresh spruce wood and mixed particles from offcuts of pine, beech, and ash TMWs were combined in weight ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 50:50 and 0:100. Thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of PBs decreased with increased portion of TMW particles, i.e., TS after 24 h maximally about 72.3% and WA after 24 h maximally about 64%. However, mechanical properties of PBs worsened proportionally with a higher content of recycled TMW—apparently, the modulus of rupture (MOR) up to 55.5% and internal bond (IB) up to 46.2%, while negative effect of TMW particles on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was milder. Decay resistance of PBs to the brown-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Schumacher ex Fries) S.F.Gray increased if they contained TMW particles, maximally about 45%, while the mould resistance of PBs containing TMW particles improved only in the first days of test. In summary, the recycled TMW particles can improve the decay and water resistance of PBs exposed to higher humidity environment. However, worsening of their mechanical properties could appear, as well.

Micromorphological characteristics of decayed wood and laccase produced by the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Ho Lee ◽  
Seung Gon Wi ◽  
Adya P. Singh ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

Effect of Heat Treatment on Decay Resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Lan Xing Du ◽  
Gou Ying Hu ◽  
Xing Xia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

To enhance decay resistance, the effect of heat treatment and the variation of chemical composition on Chinese Fir and Pine were investigated in this study — heat treatment temperature was 170°C, 190°C and 210°C, respectively, heat treatment time was 2, 3 and 4hours, respectively. Both of them were subsequently exposed to white-rot fungus and brown-rot fungus. The results showed that:(1) With the increasing of the heat treatment, decay resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine were improved, anti-corrosion of Pine after being heat treated at 190°C which were exposed to write-rot fungus can reach I, anti-corrosion of Chinese Fir after being heat treated at 170°C treated which were exposed to brown-rot fungus could reach I yet, After being heat treated at 210°C for 3 hours , the Chinese fir samples had no measurable weight loss when exposed to the write-rot fungus.(2) There was no remarkable influence on both Chinese Fir and Pine by heat treatment time.(3) The moisture content of Chinese Fir and Pine were lower than the moisture content that the rot fungus need, macromolecule chains such as cellulose and hemicellulose broke down, their contents decreased, and the hemicellulose decomposed into acetic acid, they prevented the growth of rot fungus.

Characterisation of a Soft Rot-Like Decay Pattern Caused by Coniophora puteana (Schum.) Karst. in Sapelli Wood (Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague)

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kleist ◽  
U. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Decay Pattern ◽  
Microfibrillar Angle

Summary The decay patterns of brown and soft rot fungi in Sapelli wood (Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague), with respect to natural durability, were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy as well as UV spectroscopy. Analyses revealed that the typical brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana can cause a soft rot-like decay in the sapwood of Sapelli at high moisture contents of approx. 100%. In accordance with the decay pattern of the typical soft rot fungus Chaetomium globosum, the hyphae of C. puteana penetrated the S2 wall of fibres and formed characteristic rhomboidal cavities orientated parallel to the microfibrillar angle. However, these cavities were larger in diameter (3.9 μm ± 0.9) than those formed by C. globosum (2.1 μm ± 0.5) and with a distinct interspace between the hyphae and surrounding walls. Hyphae of C. globosum were directly attached to the undecayed secondary wall. No lignin degradation for both fungi in close vicinity to the cavities was observed, as evidenced by UV spectroscopy. The inclusion of microscopy for definitive decay type identification is recommended.

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