scholarly journals Selective Hydrogen Sulphide Removal from Acid Gas by Alkali Chemisorption in a Jet Reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janka Bobek ◽  
Dóra Rippel-Pethő ◽  
Éva Molnár ◽  
Róbert Bocsi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Light Paraffins

Abstract Natural gas is a primary energy source that contains a number of light paraffins. It also contains several undesirable components, such as water, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, etc. In our study, a selective hydrogen sulphide removal process was achieved by alkali chemisorption in a custom-designed jet reactor. Several model gas compositions (CO2-H2S-N2) were evaluated to find parameters that enable H2S absorption instead of CO2. The negative effect of the presence of CO2 in the raw gas on the efficiency of H2S removal was observed. The beneficial effect of the low residence time (less than 1 s) on the efficiency of H2S removal was recognized. Optimal operational parameters were defined to reach at least a 50% efficiency of H2S removal and minimal alkali consumption.

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

Enabling Batteryless Wearable Devices by Transferring Power Through The Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Rishi Shukla ◽  
Neev Kiran ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jeremy Gummeson ◽  
Sunghoon Ivan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Barrier

Over the past few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in semiconductor and MEMS technologies, leading to the proliferation of ultra-miniaturized and ultra-low-power (in micro-watt ranges) wearable devices for wellness and healthcare [1]. Most of these wearable sensors are battery powered for their operation. The use of an on-device battery as the primary energy source poses a number of challenges that serve as the key barrier to the development of novel wearable applications and the widespread use of numerous, seamless wearable sensors [5].

Hibridno napajanje telekomunikacione i merne opreme daljinskih mernih stanica u sistemima zaštite od poplava

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Željko Despotović ◽  
◽  
Marko Tajdić ◽  
Jovan Kon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Measuring Station ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Telecommunication Equipment ◽  
Battery Bank ◽  
Flood Protection System

The paper will present the implementation of a hybrid power supply for telecommunication and corresponding measuring equipment of remote measuring stations, which are an integral part of the flood protection system. Solar power is the primary energy source during the day, while in night conditions it is actually used as a distribution network (which also supplies street lighting). The power system is implemented with two controlled MPPT chargers (mains and solar), 12V / 110Ah battery bank and associated monitoring system. The paper will present key experimental results obtained during the release of a concrete realized measuring station and associated telecommunication equipment, on the Ub River, Ub Municipality.

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Food Waste as a Potential Biomass Energy Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Rahsya Nur Udzaifa Abdul Rahman ◽  
Mazni Ismail ◽  
Ruwaida Abdul Rasid ◽  
Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ultimate Analysis

Food waste (FW) represents a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia which causes negative impact due to poor waste management. One of a promising strategy to reduce the FW is to convert the FW to energy sources through thermal pre-treatment process which known as torrefaction. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of chemical properties and energy potential of the torrefied FW. The torrefaction of FW was conducted using tubular reactor to evaluate the influence of temperature (220 to 260°C) and residence time (15 to 60 min) on the quality of torrefied FW. The quality of torrefied FW were evaluated using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, mass yield, energy yield and higher heating value (HHV). From ultimate analysis, the carbon, C was increased, however the hydrogen, H and oxygen, O decreased across the torrefaction temperature and residence time. This lead to the increasing of HHV with the increasing of temperature and time. The HHV of the dried FW was improved from 19.15 to 23.9 MJ/kg after being torrefied at 260°C for 60 min. The HHV indicated that FW has the potential to be utilized as an energy source.

scholarly journals Utilizing Sewage Wastewater Heat in District Heating Systems in Serbia - Effects on Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Živković ◽  
Dejan Ivezic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Transformation of the heating sector is recognized as being essential for ensuring reliable and affordable energy services provided with reduced consumption of energy sources, diminished impact on the environment and less import dependency. The possibility of utilizing energy sources that otherwise would be wasted needs to be considered and treated as a big advantage of district heating systems. Despite many advantages, sewage wastewater heat is still a mostly unused resource at the global level and a totally unused energy source in Serbia, while data about the potential of this energy source are lacking. This research proposes a methodology for the determination of the technical potential of waste heat from wastewater treatment facilities for use in district heating systems by heat pump application. Data from existing wastewater treatment facilities are used for providing data for replication in cities without wastewater treatment plants but with district heating systems. An estimation of the recoverable heat energy potential of wastewater is used for evaluation of some effects that could be obtained through its full utilization for heat production in the existing district heating systems. Three groups of indicators are selected for analysis focusing on district heating systems' energy performance (primary energy factor, specific heat consumption per degree day and heating area), the security of energy supply (import dependency, Shannon Wiener diversification index, the share of renewables) and environmental impact (carbon dioxide emission coefficient). Values of the selected indicators are determined for the current state of district heating systems and for the possible future state that could be achieved after full utilization of sewage wastewater potential. The proposed methodology is applied to Serbia, as a case study. It has been shown that all analyzed indicators for the projected future would have more preferable values compared to the values that correspond to the current state of the district heating systems. The use of this renewable energy source should provide primary energy savings of 5% per year, reduction of carbon dioxide emission of 6.5% per year, reduction of import dependency of DH systems of 9.8% and improved diversification of energy sources of 21%.

Surface effects in metal oxide-based nanodevices

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (47) ◽  
pp. 19874-19884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Der-Hsien Lien ◽  
José Ramón Durán Retamal ◽  
Jr-Jian Ke ◽  
Chen-Fang Kang ◽  
Jr-Hau He
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Surface Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Device Applications

The surface effect can be either a negative or beneficial effect on nanodevices depending on the environmental conditions and device applications. This review provides an introduction of the surface effects on different types of nanodevices, offering the solutions to response to their benefits and negative effect, and provides outlooks on further applications regarding the surface effect.

Measuring Graphitic Carbon and Crystalline Minerals in Coals and Bottom Ashes

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wertz ◽  
Leo W. Collins ◽  
Franz Froelicher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Atom Pair ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash

AbstractThe use of coal, as either a primary energy source or as a source of feedstock chemicals, has been complicated by the noxious and toxic chemical species formed in its gaseous effluents and also by the huge quantities of ash vhich result from its processing. Both the noxious gases and the ash have been the subjects of Federal legislations.X-ray powder patterns (XRPP), composed of atom-pair and self x~ray scattering and the diffraction produced by crystalline phases, have long been used to investigate coals and particularly their combustion ashes (1-3). Over twenty different crystalline phases have recently been reported to exist in certain lignite fly ash (3). Analysis of the crystalline phases has typically been emphasized in previous papers involving coals and ashes, but the amorphous scattering has been given little treatment.

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